Exam_Anatomy-Disorder

Question 1

Broca’s area

Answer 1

1. Broca’s aphasia (expressive aphasia)
   - Frenchay Aphasia Screening Test
   - Boston Cookie Theft Picture
2. Agrammatism
   - Anagram Test

Question 2

Wernicke’s area

Answer 2

1. Wernicke’s aphasia (receptive aphasia)
   - Comprehension (Frenchay)
   - Token Test
2. Anomia (with Wernicke’s)
   - Boston Naming Test

Question 3

Optic nerve (Blank)

Question 4

Optic chiasm (Blank)

Question 5

Lateral geniculate nucleus

Answer 5

Hemianopia (Contralateral) with blind awarness
- Visual field tests (Not sure)

Question 6

Superior colliculi

Answer 6

1. Impaired attention
2. Impaired eye movements towards things that we see

Question 7

Primary visual cortex

Answer 7

1. Cortical blindness
   - Visual field tests
2. Visual agnosia
   - object recognition tasks

Question 8

Superior parietal lobule

Answer 8

Balint’s Syndrome
1. Optic ataxia
2. Simultanagnosia
3. Oculomotor apraxia

Question 9

Inferior parietal lobule

Answer 9

1. Ideomotor apraxia (left)
2. hemispatial neglect (right)

Question 10

Corpus callosum

Answer 10

Bitemporal Hemianopia

Question 11

Central sulcus (Blank)

Question 12

‘What’ (ventral) visual pathway

Answer 12

1. Visual form agnosia
   - Efron shapes
   - BORB Length Perception Task
   - Copying task
2. Apperceptive and associative agnosia
3. Prosopagnosia
4. Alexia
5. Optic aphasia
6. Semantic dementia

Question 13

‘How’ (dorsal) visual pathway

Answer 13

1. Optic ataxia
   - grasping tasks
   - block design
2. Constructional apraxia
   - block design
   - 3-D block design
   - design organization test
   - pentagon copying (MMSE)
   - cube copying (MoCA)
   - clock drawing (MoCA)
3. Ideomotor apraxia
4. Developmental coordination disorder

Question 14

Visual Word Form Area

Answer 14

Pure alexia
- letter-by-letter reading
- Array tests
- The Speed and Capacity of Language Processing test (SCOLP)
- Wechsler’s test of adult reading (WTAR)
- National adult reading test (NART)

Question 15

Posterior parietal cortex

Answer 15

Balint’s syndrome
- Cancellation tasks
- Clock Drawing Test

Question 16

Sylvian Fissure (Blank)

Question 17

Left Perisylvian region

Answer 17

1. phonological agraphia
   - written spelling
2. phonological dyslexia
3. Phonological STM impairment
   - Digit Span Task
   - Rey–Osterrieth complex figure

Question 18

Right perisylvian region

Answer 18

Attentional disorders
- line bisection
- copying tasks

Question 19

Prefrontal cortex

Answer 19

Dysexecutive syndrome
- Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST)
- Stroop Test
- Tower of London

Question 20

Dorsolateral prefrontal

Answer 20

Executive function impairment
1. Error Monitoring
- The Cognitive Estimates Test
- Brixton Test
2. Disinhibition
- Stroop task
- Go/no-go task
- Hayling test
3. Abstraction impairment
- Proverb test
4. Planning
- Tower of Hanoi
5. Switching
- Wisconsin Card Sorting Test
- Trail Making Test

Question 21

Ventromedial prefrontal

Answer 21

Processing emotion
- Iowa Gambling Task

Question 22

Exner’s Area

Answer 22

Agraphia
- Orally spelling
- Written spelling

Question 23

Medial temporal lobe

Answer 23

Medial Temporal-lobe Amnesic Syndrome
1. Anterograde amnesia
- The Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (delayed recall, recognition)
- Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS)
- Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test
2. Retrograde amnesia
- Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test
- Cambridge Semantic Memory TestBattery
- Episodic Memory Test

Question 24

Hippocampus

Answer 24

Anterograde amnesia
- Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS)
- Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test

Question 25

Orbitofrontal cortex

Answer 25

Disinhibition syndrome - Utilization Behavior and Environmental Dependency Syndrome - Go/no-go - Stroop task

Question 26

Anterior cingulate

Answer 26

Apathy - Frontal Systems Behavior Scale (FrSBE)

Question 27

Cerebellum

Answer 27

1. Dyspraxia 2. Fine motor coordination 3. Developmental coordination disorder - Grooved pegboard test

Question 28

Frontal pole (Blank)

Question 29

Temporal pole

Answer 29

Semantic dementia - Pyramids and Palm Trees Test - Cambridge Semantic Memory Test Battery

Question 30

Occipital pole (Blank)

Question 31

Left Superior parietal lobule

Answer 31

Optic ataxia for reaching within the right visual field

Question 32

Right Superior parietal lobule

Answer 32

Optic ataxia for reaching within the left visual field

Question 33

Left Inferior parietal lobule

Answer 33

1. Ideomotor apraxia - Apraxia Screen - Intransitive gestures - Transitive actions 2. Bucofacial apraxia - Apraxia Screen - Bucofacial actions

Question 34

Right Inferior parietal lobule

Answer 34

1. Hemispatial neglect - Albert’s Line Cancellation Task - Star Cancellation Test - The Apple Test- Eye movement - Clock drawing test - Copying task - BORB drawing from memory - dichotic listening task - Visual search task eye movements 2. Neglect dyslexia

Question 35

Lateral prefrontal cortex

Answer 35

1. Dysexecutive syndrome - Frontal-Subcortical Assessment Battery (FSAB) - Alternating Verbal Fluency - Luria Three Step Test - Go/No-go - Frontal Systems Behavior Scale (FrSBe)

Question 36

Medial prefrontal

Answer 36

Apathy, Abulia, and Akinetic Mutism - Frontal Systems Behavior Scale (FrSBe)

Question 37

Frontal lobe

Answer 37

Dysexecutive, Disinhibition, Apathy - Frontal-Subcortical Assessment Battery (FSAB) - Alternating Verbal Fluency - Luria Three Step Test - Go/No-go - Frontal Systems Behavior Scale (FrSBe)

Question 38

Parietal lobe

Answer 38

Balint’s Syndrome 1. Optic ataxia 2. Simultanagnosia - overlapping figures (Ghent test) - overlapping objects (BORB) - object naming pairs (BORB) - Boston Cookie Theft Picture 3. Oculomotor apraxia

Question 39

Ventral occipital cortex

Answer 39

Cerebral achromatopsia or Color blindness - Ishihara Test

Question 40

Left occipital lobe

Answer 40

Optic Aphasia - object recognition