Class_05_Attention Flashcards

1
Q

Dichotic Listening Task

A
  • Attention to sound with headphones
  • Apply different sounds to each of a participant’s ears
  • Attend to one ear
  • Ignore another ear
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2
Q

Findings from Dichotic Listening Task

A
  1. Bottleneck on processing
    - only the attended signal is processed deeply
  2. Hear something important
    - own name
    - reorient attention to that signal
    - cocktail party effect
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3
Q

Visual Search Task: Feature

A

Target has single feature that doesn’t similar to the rest

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4
Q

Visual Search Task: Conjunctive

A

Target has combined (conjunctive) features from the rest

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5
Q

Feature Integration Theory

A

Dual-process that attend to visual stimuli
1. Computationally parallel process
- every item SIMULTANEOUSLY
- Single feature
2. Computationally serial strategy
- each item AT A TIME
- Conjunctive search

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6
Q

Hemispatial Neglect

A

Hemineglect
- Ignore one side of space
- middle cerebral artery stroke
- contralesional

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7
Q

Left Hemispatial Neglect

A
  • Right hemisphere middle cerebral artery stroke
  • More common
  • sit facing slightly to the right
  • head pointing slightly to the right
  • spontaneous eye movements will be mainly to the right side of space
  • Auditory: locate the sound more to the right side
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8
Q

Right Hemispatial Neglect

A
  • Left hemisphere middle cerebral artery stroke
  • Less common
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9
Q

Left Hemisphere Inferior Parietal Cortex Damage

A

Ideomotor Apraxia

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10
Q

Right Hemisphere Inferior Parietal Cortex Damage

A

(Left) Hemispatial Neglect

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11
Q

Dichotic Listening Tasks in Left Hemispatial Neglect

A

Often only report the word given
to the right ear

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12
Q

5 Exteroceptive Senses

A
  • Visual
  • Auditory
  • Tactile
  • Olfactory
  • Gustatory
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13
Q

Tests for Visuospatial Hemineglect

A
  1. drawing tasks
    - copy simple images
    - draw from memory
    - clock drawing tasks
    -> draw the right side of objects
  2. cancellation
    - Albert’s Line Cancellation Task
    - Star Cancellation Test
    -> crossed out only lines/stars on the right side of the page
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14
Q

Could disfunction of the attentional spotlight of Treisman and Gelade’s Feature Integration Theory be the cause of hemispatial neglect?

A

No.
- It’s neglected visual field
- single features that ‘pop out’ and capture attention for most people don’t appear to catch attention in patients with hemispatial neglect

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15
Q

Hemispatial Neglect & Representation of Objects

A

Left hemispatial neglect patients
1. imagine standing at a known place
- describe seeing buildings that were to their right-hand side
- neglect to describe buildings to their right
2. imagine facing the opposite direction
- described the buildings that previously neglected

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16
Q

Allocentric Neglect

A

Miss out one side of individual objects
- not the whole scene

17
Q

Egocentric Neglect

A

Miss out parts of the drawing that are to the side of their own body midline

18
Q

Allocentric Coordinates

A

Representations of space and position based on how objects are located relative to other objects.

19
Q

Egocentric Coordinates

A

Representation of space and position of objects is coded relatively to the viewer’s body

20
Q

Tests for Different Forms of Neglect

A

Apples Test
- cross out or circle all of the complete apples

21
Q

Allocentric Neglect on the Apples Test

A

Errors
- crossing out apples that have a piece missing

22
Q

Egocentric Neglect on the Apples Test

A

Correct
- apples with pieces missing are not circled/crossed
Error
- only apples to the one side of the page are marked

23
Q

Extinction to Double Simultaneous
Stimulation

A

Right hemisphere inferior parietal lobe damage
- If both the left and right stimuli appear at the same time, only one appears to be attended to
- react to stimuli to their left
- react to stimuli to their right
- vision and audition
- recovered from full neglect

24
Q

Causes of Neglect

A
  • Right inferior parietal lobule damage
  • Right hemisphere perisylvian damage
25
Attention Region
Right hemisphere perisylvian
26
Neglect Dyslexia
Read only one side of a whole block of text - Left side is common - Mostly happens with hemispatial neglect
27
Egocentric Neglect Dyslexia
In block text, reading only words on one side of the page
28
Allocentric Neglect Dyslexia
Consistently making errors at one side of individual words
29
word-centered neglect dyslexia
Neglect of the right side of word - Made errors on the right side of MIRRORED words
30
Balint’s Syndrome
Parietal lobe damage - Optic ataxia - Simultanagnosia - Oculomotor apraxia
31
Optic Ataxia
Impaired ability to use vision to control actions in space
32
Simultanagnosia
Inability to see two objects at the same time - Bilateral parietal lobe damage - can't recognize overlapping objects - can happen without Balint’s Syndrome
33
Test for Simultanagnosia
Boston Cookie Theft picture
34
Posterior cortical atrophy
A type of dementia affecting mainly the parietal and occipital lobes - can cause Simultanagnosia - slower to name objects from the BORB sets that are overlapping > individual objects
35
Oculomotor Apraxia
Inability to move eyes voluntarily -
36
Simultanagnosia Vs. Integrative Agnosia
1. Simultanagnosia = attentional disorder 2. Integrative Agnosia = perception disorder 3. Both - recognition problems - slow performance on the BORB overlapping figures test
37
Integrative Agnosia
Can't recognize or integrate 2 parts of an object together - a form of apperceptive agnosia