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ADULT HEALTH 1 > Exam4- HIV disease > Flashcards

Exam4- HIV disease Flashcards

1
Q

HIV patho

A

retrovirus

-changes itself to be inserted into the host and it can never be killed

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2
Q

What is HIV’s genetic material?

A

RNA: single stranded ribonucleic acid

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3
Q

How is RNA converted in the HIV life cycle?

A

Reverse transcriptase (RT) is used to covert single stranded RNA into double stranded DNA

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4
Q

Role of intergrade enzyme in the HIV life cycle

A

Integrase enzyme allows the viral double stranded DNA to be inserted into the double stranded DNA of the host

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5
Q

HIV Life Cycle

A
  1. Attachment and fusion
  2. Injection of core
  3. Uncoating
  4. Conversion to DNA
  5. Circular DNA
  6. Entrance into nucleus
  7. Integration
  8. Transcription
  9. Translation
  10. Protein modification
  11. Assembly of core
  12. Budding
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6
Q

Effects of HIV

A

0f CD4+ T-cells patient has, whether any opportunistic infections have occurred, indicates difference

Immune system can attack & destroy early on; 3 of HIV particles overwhelms system over time

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7
Q

HIV s/s

A
  • acute infection develops within 1st month after infection
  • night sweats, chills, headaches, muscle aches, rash,, sore throat

-symptoms fade & patient feels better (some may not look into the symptoms due to them leaving so fast)

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8
Q

Stage 1

A

confirmed HIV infection

CD4-T call count >500 cells mm3

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9
Q

Stage 2

A

Confirmed HIV infection

CD4 T-cell count b/w 200-499 cells mm3

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10
Q

Stage 3

A

confirmed HIV infection

CD4 T-cell count <200 cells mm3 or > 200 with a documented AIDS defining illness (ex. pneumocystis pneumonia)

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11
Q

Stage 4

A

Confirmed HIV infection
No other information regarding CD4 cell counts or AIDS defining illness
Not worse, just don’t know the answer to the questions

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12
Q

Long-term nonpregressors (LTNPs)

A

genetic mutation does cause a resistance to the virus entering the host cells. HIV positive for greater than 10 years & without symptoms

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13
Q

Health Promotion

A

Educate best hope for prevention

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14
Q

3 ways HIV usually transmitted

A

sexual
parenteral
perinatal

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15
Q

ABCs

A

A- abstinence
B-be faithful to one partner
C- use condoms

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16
Q

Transmission Health care workers

A

needle stick injuries
exposure to non intact skin/mucous membranes to blood and body fluids

STANDARD PRECAUTIONS ARE BEST PREVENTION!!!

17
Q

Management

A

Assessment - ask questions
Hx
Physical Assessment/clinical manifestations: Infections, Malignancies, Endocrine complications

18
Q

Manifestations: Infections

A

opportunistic, protozoal, fungal, bacterial, viral

19
Q

Manifestations: Malignancies

A

Kaposi’s scarcoma, malignant lymphomas

20
Q

Manifestations: Endocrine complications

A

Gonadal dysfunction
Body shape changes
Adrenal insufficiency

21
Q

Manifestations: AIDS dementia complex

A

occurs in 70% of those with AIDS

Varies in severity

22
Q

Manifestations: AIDS wasting syndrome

A

altered metabolism

GI dysfunction

23
Q

Manifestations: Skin changes

A

dry, itchy irritated skin

24
Q

viral load

A

amount of virus present in blood/other body fluids

should be less than 50 if they are taken regularly
more likely t transmit with high viral load

25
Q

Higher Blood levels of HIV (viremia)

A

greater risk for sexual/perinatal transmission

26
Q

Lymphocyte count

A

WBC <3500 cells/mm3

27
Q

CD4+ T-cells & CD8+ T-cells

A

ratio normally is 2:1
normal CD4 is 500-1500
AIDS can be fewer than 100

28
Q

Antibody tests

A

ELISA: early testing can result in false negative

Western blot, viral load: more accurate, more expensive, used to confirm presence of HIV

29
Q

Quantitative RNE assays

A

used to monitor therapy

30
Q

Home test kits

A

dont want family to know
may be more difficult to get insurance with HIV
Needs confirmation by blood test

31
Q

HAART: Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

A 
NRTIs: Zidovudine 
NNRTIs: Delavirdine 
Pis: Atazanavir 
Fusion inhibitors: enfuvirtide 
Entry inhibitors: Maraviroc 
Integrase inhibitors: Raltegrase

cART= combination antiretroviral therapy (new name)

32
Q

Safe Sex Practices

A

Latex or polyurethane condoms
Latex gloves
Dental Dams
New research- vaginal gel with antiretroviral agent

33
Q

Priority patient problems

A 
potential for infection 
inadequate oxygenation 
pain
inadequate nutrition 
diarrhea 
reduced skin integrity 
confession 
reduced self-esteem
potential loss of social contact

ADULT HEALTH 1 (4 decks)

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