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Biochem > Exam3Lec5EicosanoidMetabolism > Flashcards

Exam3Lec5EicosanoidMetabolism Flashcards

1
Q

What are the clinical involvements of eicosanoids?

A
  1. Inflammation, arthritis, psoriasis
  2. pain and fever
  3. reproduction
  4. peptic ulcers
  5. kidney disease
  6. patency of the ductus arteriosus
  7. platelet aggregation and thrombosis
  8. alzheimers disease
  9. colon cancer
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2
Q

What are the members of the eicosanoid family?

A
  1. Prostaglandins
  2. Prostacyclins
  3. Thromboxanes
  4. Leukotriences
  5. Lipoxins
  6. Hydroxy & epoxy eicosaenoic acids
  7. levuglandins
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3
Q

What is the chemistry of eicosanoids?

A

basis is prostanoic acid which is 20 Carbons

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4
Q

What are the major prostaglandins?

A

PGE and PGFalpha

because they have been studied more

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5
Q

What are the minor prostaglandins?

A

PGA PGD

less studeis on these

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6
Q

What are the cyclic endo-peroxides prostaglandins?

A

PGG or PGH
intermediates in synthesis pathway of peroxides

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7
Q

What are the Prosta-cyclin prostaglandins

A

PGI

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8
Q

Is there a storage form of eicosanoids?

A

NO, they are not stored, they are synthesized on demand

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9
Q

What are the pre-cursors of eicosanoids?

A

poly unsaturated fatty acids

forms eicosanoids of that series

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10
Q

What are the three series of poly-unsaturated faty acids pre-cursors?

A

Series 1: 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic acid
Series 2: Arachidonic acid
Series 3: Eicosapentaenoic acid

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11
Q

Can you use series one to get a series 3 fa acid?

A

No because what you start with is what you get

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12
Q

The type of fa we get is determeined by what?

A

fa precursoes

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13
Q

Release of arachidonic acid

The poly unsat fa is esterifed on which postion carbon?

A

Carbon 2 of phosphatidylinositol

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14
Q

Which enzyme cataylzes RLS in biosytheis of eicosanoids (add pic)

A

Phospholipase A2
cleaves polyunsat fa from postion 2 and forms lysophosphatidylinositol and free arachidonic acid. Free arachidonic is used to make eicasanoids

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15
Q

Once arachidonic acid is releases, what two pathways can it undergo?

A

Cyclooxygenase
and Lipoxygenasae

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15
Q

What 2 isozymes we have for clylooxygenasse?

A

Cox1: responsible for synthesizing eic for basal cellullar activity “ house-keeping enzyme+ needed to mainitain normal function of self
Cox2: inducible coxase for inflammatory response

cox 1 and 2 are used to make eic

15
Q

What 2 isozymes we have for cyclooxygenasse?

A

Cox1: responsible for synthesizing eic for basal cellullar activity “ house-keeping enzyme+ needed to mainitain normal function of self
Cox2: inducible coxase for inflammatory response

cox 1 and 2 are used to make eic

16
Q

Exists as a homodimer and has a functional heme grp that is required

A

cyclooxygenasse

17
Q

repsonsible for making specific eic in a specic tissue

A

synthase (concentration of enzyme in tissue)

18
Q

Cox 1 and 1 has how many enzymatic activities?

A

2 enzymatic activity on the same polypeptide chain.
1. cox activity
2. peroxidase activity

19
Q

prostaglandins synthase is the same thing as what?

A

Cox pathway
(PGH2 synthase or cox1 or 2 and peroxidase)

20
Q

Mechanism of aspirin inhibition of cyclooxygenase

A

Asprin is taken and is in the vicinity of active cox and cov modifies the serine residue attached and it becomes inactive cox with a modified serine residue

21
Q

What explanins the medicinal efficacy of aspirin?

A

Asprin is the ONLY NSAID that can covalently modify the active site of cox (serine residue) this makes cox inactive.

22
Q

Is cox 1 or 2 more sensitive to inhibition by aspirin?

A

Cox 1, cox 2 is less sensitive

23
Q

effects of aspirin and cox-2 inhibitors on eic synthesis

A

platelets are rich in cox1 activity and thromboxane is made. Thromboxane is a very potent platelet activator and vaso contrictor. So platelets aggregate and vessel walls constrict.

cells on endothelial lining are rich in cox 2 activity.. Lots of prostacyclins are made and this inhibits platelet aggregation and promotes vaso dilation

Biochem (17 decks)

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