Exam3Lec2DeepNeck Flashcards by Daniella Andre

What are the anterior muscles of the deep neck?

rectus capitis anterior and lateralis, longus capitis, longus coli

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the location, innervation, and actions of the rectus capitis anterior & lateralis?

Location: occipital bone–> C1 (atlas)
Innervation: C1,2
Actions: flex the head

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the location, innervation, and actions of the longus capitis?

Location: occipital bone–> cervical vertebrae
Innervation:C1-3
Actions: flex the head

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the longus capitis superior to?

longus coli

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the location, innervation, and actions of the longus coli?

Location: ant to the cervical vertebrae
Innervation: C2-6
Actions: flex the head, rotate the neck

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the lateral muscles of the deep neck?

anterior scalene, middle scalene, posteror scalene

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the location, innervation, and actions of the anterior scalene?

Location: transverse processes (C3-6)–> rib 1
Innervation: C4-6
Actions: flex the head + neck

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the location, innervation, and actions of the middle scalene?

Location: posterior tubercle (C5-7)–> rib2
Innervation:n/a
Actions: flex the head + neck, elevate the ribs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the location, innervation, and actions of the posterior scalene?

Location: posterior tubercle (C5-7)—>rib2
Innervation: n/a
Actions: Flex the head + neck, elevate the ribs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the posterior tubercle?

POSTERIOR PART OF TRANSVERSE PROCESS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which muscles contribute to the flexion of the head?

rectus capitis anterior, recuts capitis lateralis, longus capitis, anterior/middle/posterior scalenes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which muscles contribute to the flexion of the neck?

anterior/middle/posterior scalenes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which muscles contribute to the rotation of the neck?

longus coli

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The pre-vertebral muscles are covered by what?

Pre-vertebral layer of the deep cervical fascia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the contents of the scalene triangle?

phrenic nerve (C3-5)
roots of the brachial plexus
subclavian artery
brachiocephalic vein–> subclavian vein

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which structures that are in the scalene triangle is located anterior to the anterior scalene muscle?

brachiocephalic vein + subclavian vein are anterior to the ant. scalene

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which structures that are in the scalene triangle is located posterior to the anterior scalene muscle?

the phrenic nerve + brachial plexus + subclavian artery are posterior to the ant. scalene

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The deep neck is supplies by branches of the subclavian artery. What are the branches?

Vit C & D
Vertebral artery
Internal Thoracic Artery
Thyrocervical trunk

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How does the vertebral artery run and what does it supply

It enters the transverse foramen + passes post to C1
It supplies the medulla + cerebellum +spinal cord

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How does the internal thoracic artery run?

passes inferior to the thorax

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the branches of the thyrocervical trunk?

Inferior thyroid artery–> thyroid, esophagus, larynx, trachea, parathyroid glands, neck muscles
ascending cervical artery–> lateral neck muscles. Passes through the intervertebral foramen (w/spinal nerves)
suprascapula artery–>shoulder region + SCM
cervical dorsal artery

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where does the sympathetic innervation of deep neck come from?

sympathetic trunk and phrenic nerve (C 3,4,5)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does the sympathetic trunk give off?

The sympathetic trunk gives cervical ganglia to cervical plexus (of nerves).
Superior ganglia, middle ganglia , inferior ganglia (forms stellate ganglia w/ thoracic ganglia)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The phrenic nerve starts at which muscle and where is the phrenic nerve located?

Starts lateral to the ant. scalene m–> then descends anterior to the ant. scalene m then descends ant to the ant scalene m

located b/n the subclavian artery+ vein

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where does the parasympathetic innervation of deep neck come from? high yield

vagus nerve (CNX=10) forms recurrent laryngeal nerves

What are the branches of the vagus nerve that innervate the deep neck?

right recurrent laryngeal nerve loops inf, to the right subclavian artery (@T1,2) left recurrent laryngeal nerve loops inf. to the aortic arch (@T4,5)

Where does the vagus nerve run through?

runs through the carotid sheath (pre tracheal layer of deep cervical fascia)

What are the glands of the deep neck?

thyroid gland, parathyroid gland

What is the thyroid gland and its location?

most anterior structure lies antero-lateral to the trachea thyroid material may be found in the foramen cecum

What is the thyroid gland covered by?

pre-tracheal layer of deep cervical fascia

What is the parathyroid gland and its location?

4 glands--> 2 on the right, 2 on the left ---right superior + inferior glands ---left superior + inferior glands embedded in the posterior surface of the thyroid gland (this is high yield)

What is the arterial supply and venous drainage of the thyroid and parathyroid?

superior thyroid artery (off external carotid a.) inferior thyroid artery (off thyrocervical trunk=subclavian a) venous drainage=thyroid plexus (of veins)

What is the innervation and lymphatics of the thyroid and parathyroid?

innervation=cervical ganglia---> vasomotor fibers lymphatics= prelayngeal + pre/para-tracheal lymph nodes low yield

Larynx is composed of _______+________

cartilage, muscle

What does the laryngeal cartilage do?

produce sound/speech

What are the laryngeal cartilages?

thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, epiglottic cartilage, corniculate cartilage, cuneiform cartilage , arytenoid cartilage

What are the paired structures of the laryngeal cartilage?

corniculate cartilage, cuneiform cartilage, arytenoid cartilage

Where does the anterior and posterior vocal folds attach to?

ant. vocal fold attaches to laryngeal cartilage post vocal fold attaches to laryngeal muscle (arytenoids)

Laryngeal muscles are called "arytenoids" , what are they?

lateral criciarytenoid, posterior cricoarytenoid, thyroarytenoid, cricothyroid, oblique arytenoid, transverse arytenoid

What do the lateral cricoarytenoid, posterior cricoarytenoid, and thyroarytenoid do?

lateral cricoarytenoid=ADductor--close vocal folds posterior cricoarytenoid=ABductor--open vocal folds thyroarytenoid= relax vocal fold--lower pitch + length

What do the cricothyroid, oblique arytenoid, and transverse arytenoid do?

cricothyroid=tense vocal folds--incr pitch + length oblique arytenoid=approximate vocal folds transverse arytenoid= approximate vocal folds

What are the muscles that bring vocal folds together (for phonation)

lateral cricoarytenoids=adductors transverse arytenoiuds=approximators oblique arytenoids=approximators

What are the muscles that separate vocal folds?

posterior cricoarytenoids=ABductors

What are the muscles that lengthen +tense vocal folds?

cricothyroid

What are the muscles that shorten + relax vocal folds?

thyroarytenoid

What is the vascularization of the larynx?

-external carotid artery-->superior thyroid artery-->superior laryngeal artery and cricothyroid artery -thyrocervical trunk-->inferior thyroid artery--> inferior laryngeal artery -superior laryngeal vein --> superior thyroid vein--> internal jugular vein (IJV) -inferior laryngeal vein--> inferior thyroid vein--> left brachiochephalic

What is the innervation of the larynx?

Vagus nerve CNX=10 superior laryngeal nerve-innervates cricithyroid m. recurrent laryngeal nerve ---> inferior laryngeal nerve--> innervates all laryngeal muscles (expect cricothyroid)

The pharynx is divided into 3 regions, what are they and what do they contain?

1. Nasopharynx: contains the small palate 2. Oropharynx: contains uvula sup. + mid pharyngeal contrictor, epiglottis 3. Laryngopharynx: contains the inferior pharyngeal constrictor

What are the muscles of the pharynx?

Superior pharyngeal constrictor, middle pharyngeal constrictor, inferior pharyngeal constrictor

What is the innervation to the constrictor muscles?

vagus nerve

What is the region, PA, and DA of the SUPERIOR pharyngeal constrictor?

region= oropharynx PA= pterygoid hamulus + ptergomandibular rape DA= post. midline pharyngeal rape + occipital bone

What is the region, PA, and DA of the MIDDLE pharyngeal constrictor?

region= oropharynx PA= styloid ligament + hyoid bone DA= pharyngeal rape

What is the region, PA, and DA of the INFERIOR pharyngeal constrictor?

region= laryngopharynx PA=thyroid cartilage + cricoid cartilage DA= pharyngo-esophogeal junction

What are the misc. pharyngeal muscles?

stylopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus