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Therapeutics Spring 2016 > EXAM3 - Neuro > Flashcards

EXAM3 - Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

What are the structures included in hindbrain?

A

Medulla, pons, cerebellum

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2
Q

What structures are in the midbrain?

A

Subsantia nigra

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3
Q

What structures are in the forebrain?

A

Cerbral cortex, basal ganglia (except SN): striatum (caudate and putamen), globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, limbic system: hippocampus and amygdala, and the diencephalon: thalamus, hypothalamus

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4
Q

What is the role of the medulla?

A

AUTONOMIC functions. centers for controlling respiration, cardiac function, vasomotor responses, reflexes(coughing), part of reticular system (modulates sleep/wake cycles, part of brain stem

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5
Q

What is the role of the pons?

A

It is a bridge that relays signals from the forebrain to the cerebellum. It is part of the brainstem. (equilibrium, stability, facial and eye movements)

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6
Q

What is the role of the cerebellum?

A

“little brain” Governs motor coordination for producing smooth movements, undergoes neurodegeneration in spinocerebellar ataxias

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7
Q

What is the role of substantia nigra?

A

Produces and releases dopamine in the striatum. Two parts: pars compacta, pars reticulata

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8
Q

What is the role of the pars compacta?

A

Provides INPUT to the basal ganglia, supplies dopamine to the striatum. Involved in voluntary motor control and some cognitive learning (spatial learning). This is impacted in parkinsons Dz.

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9
Q

What is the role in pars reticulata?

A

OUTPUT function: relays signals from the basal ganglia to the thalamus

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10
Q

What is the role of the cortex?

A

processing and interpreting information

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11
Q

role of basal ganglia?

A

voluntary motor control, some cognitive function

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12
Q

role of limbic system?

A

emotions (amydala)

memory (hippocampus) = alzheimers dz

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13
Q

role of thalamus?

A

relay station to and from cortex. NO autonomic function

Senses receive information about the environment, passes through the thalamus, to the cortex and back.

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14
Q

Role of hypothalamus?

A

no voluntary functions. Regulates internal homeostasis, emotions, hormonal control and direct neural regulation

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15
Q

True or False: Damage to the cortex can affect movement, speech and personality

A

True

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16
Q

What do EFFERENT neuron tracts do?

A

transmit signals from the cortex to the periphery

17
Q

What do AFFERENT neuron tracts do?

A

Transmit signals from the periphery to the cortex

18
Q

What are the 3 layers of the meninges?

A

Dura: outer
Arachnoid: middle
Pia: inner

19
Q

CSF fill spaces between the ___________and __________layers.

A

arachnoid and pia

20
Q

What are the 3 types of glial cells?

A

Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and Microglia

21
Q

What is the role of Astrocytes?

A

provide neurons with growth factors, antioxidants. Remove excess glutamate, support the blood brain barrier b/c in contact with blood vessels

22
Q

What do the Oligodendrocytes do?

A

Produce myelin sheath that insulates axons

23
Q

What do the microglia do?

A

Provide growth factors, clear debris by phagocytosis (this can lead to neuroinflammation so need a balance here)

24
Q

What creates the blood brain barrier?

A

Tight junctions in the endothelial cell layer of blood vessels in the brain

25
Q

What 3 characteristics allow a molecule to pass through the blood brain barrier?

A

Small molecular size
High Log P
the more lipophilic the better

26
Q

In a resting membrane potential of a neuron, are there more positive charges outside or inside the membrane?

A

Outside

27
Q

What triggers neurotransmission in a neuron?

A

electrical depolarization of the neuron. Influx of Na+ that changes the polarity of the membrane.

28
Q

True or False

Axon potentials are propagated at a rate independent of the axon diameter.

A

FALSE

They are propagated proportional to axon diameter. The bigger the diameter the faster the action potential.

29
Q

What is a nerve fiber?

A

bundle of axons

30
Q

Why is the current of a nerve fiber greater than that of a single neuron?

A

Because the nerve fiber is a summation, more frequent firing.

31
Q

Excitatory neurotransmitters allow _____ to cross the membrane leading to a increase in the magnitude of the ________. Inhibitory neurotransmitters allow ___to cross the membrane leading to ____________.

A

Na+ leading to depolarization (easier to fire)

Cl in leading to hyperpolarization (harder to fire)

32
Q

What type of neurotransmitter is GABA and what is its role in pharmacology?

A

GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. Drugs that interact with these receptors are generally CNS depressants such as: Sedatives, Anticonvulsants and Anxiolytics

Therapeutics Spring 2016 (6 decks)

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