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ACoMSC > Exam2 > Flashcards

Exam2 Flashcards

1
Q

genu recurvatum

A

knee bends backwards

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2
Q

genu valgum

A

knees angle in and touch

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3
Q

genu varum

A

outward bowing of knees

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4
Q

scoliosis

A

sideways curvature of the spine

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5
Q

sensitivity

A

true positive rate

detects who truly have disorder

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6
Q

specificity

A

true negative rate

detects who don’t have the disorder

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7
Q

positive likelihood ration

A

expresses the change in our confidence that a condition is present when the test is positive

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8
Q

negative likelihood ration

A

expresses the probability that the pathology is still present even though the test was negative

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9
Q

myotome

A

testing muscular strength, efferent nerve, motor

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10
Q

dermatome

A

sensory, testing sensation, afferent nerve

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11
Q

difference between a myotome and dermatome

A

one is for skin and one is for muscle

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12
Q

deep tendon reflex physiology

A

travels to spinal cord
monosynaptic reflex
causes muscle to lengthen at fast rate

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13
Q

for a joint to have greater motion what does it have to sacrifice

A

stability

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14
Q

o’brien
+ sign
what does it indicate

A

patient sits, shoulder at 90 foward flexion, 40 horizontal adduction and maximal IR
pain or clicking when the arm is in full IR but not when the arm is in neutral rotation
SLAP

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15
Q

anterior apprehension

+sign and indicates

A

supine, elbow 90, abduct shoulder to 90, apply pressure
apprehension
labral lesion, bony lesion

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16
Q

posterior apprehension

+ sing and indicates

A

supine, 90, stabilize scapula, push down, pull in, medial rotate
apprehension
glenohumeral instability anterior

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17
Q

scapular assistance test

+ sign and indicates

A

hold shoulder, and inferior angle of scapular, have abduction assist motion
pain reduced as therapist assists active elevation by applying posterior tilt and external rotation
weakness of scapular stabilizers
SD

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18
Q

scapular retraction test

+ sign and indicates

A

hold top of shoulder, and press scapula into chest, perform empty can test
pain from the empty can is reduced
weakness of scapular stabilizers, DS

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19
Q

empty can test

+ sign and indicates

A

elevate arms to 90 of IR, downward pressure
pain
supraspinatus impingement

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20
Q

hawkins-kennedy

+ sign and indicates

A

sitting, elevate to 90, passive IR
pain
subacromial impingement

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21
Q

correct order for evaluating an injury

A

History
observation
palpation
special tests

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22
Q

4 rotator cuff muscles

actions

A

supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis

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23
Q

sternoclavicular joint type

A

plane style synovial joint

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24
Q

glenohumeral joint type

A

true synovial ball and socket

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25
Q

acromioclavicular joint type

A

plane style synovial joint

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26
Q

areas of innervation of myotomes and dermatomes

A 
myotomes
C5- shoulder shrugs
C6- wrist extension
C7- elbow extension and wrist flexion
c8- thumb extension and finger flexion
T1- finger abduction
dermatomes
C5- lateral antecubial fossa
C6- thumb
C7- middle finger
C8- little finger
T1- medial antecubital fossa
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27
Q

5 terminal nerves of upper extremity

A 
musculocutaneous
axillary
radial
median
ulnar
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28
Q

ligament grading scale 1-3

A

1 mild tear
2 moderate tear
3 severe ruptured

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29
Q

what muscles attach to the coracoid process

A

pectoralis minor, coracobrachialis, short head of the biceps brachii,

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30
Q

when to perform a neurovascular assessment

A

dislocation, impingement

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31
Q

3 components of evidence based practice

A

best research evidence
clinical expertise
patient values

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32
Q

hills-sach lesion
moi
where located

A

fracture of humerus, corticol depression in the postolatereal head of the humerus
forceful impaction of the humeral head against the anterioinferior glenoid

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33
Q

how does a reverse sachs lesion differ from hills sach lesion

A

on the anterior superior aspect of the humeral head from posterior shoulder dislocation

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34
Q

biceps brachii
action
insert
origin

A

a- flex elbow, supinate forearm, flex shoulder
i- tuberosity of the radius and aponeurosis of the biceps brachii
o- SH- coracoid process, LH- supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

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35
Q

triceps brachii
action-
insert
origin

A

a- extend the elbow
i- olecranon process of the ulna
o- LH- infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
LatH- posterior surface of proximal half of the humerus
MedH- posterior surface of distal half of the humerus

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36
Q

deltoid
action
insert
origin

A

a- all- abduct shoulder, antfib- flex shoulder, medially rotate shoulder, horizontally adduct shoulder, postfib- extend shoulder, laterally rotate shoulder, horizontally adduct
i- deltoid tuberosity
o- lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion process, and spine of the scapula

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37
Q

suprspinatus
action
insert
origin

A

a- abduct shoulder, stabilize head of humerus
i- greater tubercle of the humerus
o- supraspinous fossa of scapula

38
Q

infraspinatus
action
insert
origin

A

a- laterally rotate shoulder, adduct shoulder, stabilize head of humerus
i- greater tubercle of the humerus
o- infraspinous fossa of scapula

39
Q

subscapularus
action
insert
origin

A

a- medially rotate shoulder, stabilize head of humerus
i- lesser tubercle of humerus
o- subscapular fossa of the scapula

40
Q

teres minor
action
insert
origin

A

a- laterally rotate shoulder, adduct shoulder, stabilize head of humerus
i- greater tubercle of the humerus
o- upper 2/3 of lateral border of the scapula

41
Q

teres major
action
insert
origin

A

a- extend shoulder, adduct shoulder, medially rotate shoulder
i- crest of the lesser tubercle of the humerus
o- inferior angle and lower 1/3 of lateral border of the scapula

42
Q

latissimus dorsi
action
insert
origin

A

a- extend shoulder, adduct shoulder, medially rotate shouder
i- intertubercular groove of the humerus
o- inferior angle of the scapula, spinous processes of last 6 thoracic vertebrae, last 3 or 4 ribs, thoracolumbar aponeurosis and posterior iliac crest

43
Q

corocobrachialis
action
insert
origin

A

a- flex shoulder, adduct shoulder
i- medial surface of mid-humeral shaft
o- coracoid process of the scapula

44
Q

brachialis
action
insert
origin

A

a- flex elbow
i- tuberosity and coronoid process of ulna
o- distal half of anterior surface of humerus

45
Q

levator scapulae
action
insert
origin

A

a- unilaterally- elevate scapula, downwardly rotate scapula, laterally flex head and neck, rotate head and neck to same side
bilaterally- extend the neck and head
i- medial border of scapula, between superior angle and superior portion of spine of scapula
o- transverse processes of 1st - 4th cervical vertebrae

46
Q

trapezius
action
insert
origin

A

a- upper- bilaterally- extend head and neck, bilaterally- laterally flex head and neck to same side, rotate head and neck to opposite sides, elevate the scapula, upwardly rotate scapula
middle- adduct scapula, stabilize scapula, lower- depress scapula, upwardly rotate scapula
i- lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion process, and spine of scapula
o- external occipital protuberance, medial portion of superior nuchal line of the occiput, ligamentum nuchae and spinous process of c7-t12

47
Q

deep tendon grading scale

A 
0= no response
1+= hypoflexia, slow
2+= normal
3+= hyperflexia, fast
4+= hyperflexia, exaggerated
48
Q

5 roles of the scapula

A 
provide stability for GH articulation
retraction and protraction along the thorax
elevation of the acromion
provides site for muscular attachment
serves as a kinetic link
49
Q

4 structures that can be impinged in the shoulder

A

subacromial
1st rib- clavicle
anterior and middle scalene muscles
under pec mind tendon if tight

50
Q

5 different types of salter harris fractures

A

type 1- complete separation of epiphysis to metaphysis w/o fx to bone
type 2- separation of growth plate and small portion of metaphysis
type 3- fracture of the epiphysis
type 4- fx of portion of epiphysis and metaphysis
type 5- crushing force, no displacement

51
Q

what is a salter harris fracture

A

fracture that involves the growth plate,

52
Q

normal rom degrees

flexion

A

170-180

53
Q

normal rom degrees

extension

A

50-60

54
Q

normal rom degrees

abduction

A

170-180

55
Q

normal rom degrees

adduction

A

30-50

56
Q

normal rom degrees

internal rotation

A

70-80

57
Q

normal rom degrees

external rotation

A

80-90

58
Q

normal rom degrees

horizontal abduction

A

40-45

59
Q

normal rom degrees

horizontal adduction

A

125-135

60
Q

brachial plexus originates from what nerve roots

A

C5-T1

61
Q

which parascapular muscle is the 1st and most affected by inhibition to pain

A

serratus anterior

62
Q

what ligament is torn in a bankart lesion

A

inferior glenohumeral labrum

63
Q

what injury is common with a bankart lesion

A

anterior dislocation

64
Q

3 classification of scapular dyskinesis

A

type 1- inferior border
type 2- medial border
type 3- superior medial border

65
Q

4 types of acromion shapes

A

type 1- flat
type 2- curved
type 3- hooked
type 4- bone spur

66
Q

4 different types of SLAP lesions

A

1- degenerative fraying of the labrum near insertion of LHBT
2- avulsion of the glenoid labrum w/ an associated tear of LHBT
3- bucket handle tear of the labrum w/ displacement of the fragment, no LHBT
4- bucket handle tear of labru w/ associated tearing of LHBT

67
Q

what is a SLAP lesion

A

Superior labrum anterior posterior

68
Q

what is thoracic outlet syndrome

A

group of disorders that occur when blood vessels or nerves in the space between your collarbone and your first rib (thoracic outlet) are compressed. This can cause pain in your shoulders and neck and numbness in your fingers

69
Q

what structures are involved in TOS

A

brachial plexus
subclavian artery
subclavian vein

70
Q

3 location where these structures can be impinged in TOS

A

1st rib- clavicle
anterior and middle scalene muscles
under pec mind tendon if tight

71
Q

special tests for TOS

A

Allen’s Test
Adson’s maneuver
Roos Test
Military Brace Test

72
Q

what ligament holes the long head of the biceps brachii tendon in the bicipital groove

A

transverse humeral ligament

73
Q

what is the most common MOI in the upper extremity

A

FOOSH

74
Q

anterior dislocation MOI

A

blow to abducted, externally rotated shoulder

75
Q

what nerve injury can cause winging of the scapula

A

injury to muscles that control scapula

serratus anterior

76
Q

idiopathic

A

unkown, spontaneous

77
Q

muscle contraction that is most damaging from an injury perspective

A

eccentric

78
Q

explain how a tight posterior capsule of the shoulder can affect proper scapular motion

A

limits movement of the joint

79
Q

explain what structures are damaged in the anterior shoulder dislocation

A

vascular, bone, ligaments

80
Q

explain how anterior instability can affect the normal functioning of the GH joint

A

1

81
Q

explain how posterior instability can affect the normal functioning of the GH joint

A

1

82
Q

how to perform exam with HOPS

A

history, observation, palpation, special tests

83
Q

types of shoulder impingment

A

primary subacromial

secondary subacromial

84
Q

neer 1973 stages of impinement

A

stage 1- younger, swelling in RC, pain with activity
stage 2- thickening, pain during and after activity, not reversable
stage 3- partial or full thickness tears of RC tendons

85
Q

brachial plexus schema

A

5 Roots C5- T1
3 Trunks
6 Divisions
3 Cords

86
Q

origin

A

fixed attachment

87
Q

insert

A

moves with contraction

88
Q

rhomboid
action
insert
orgin

A

a- adduct scapula, elevate scapula, downwardly rotate scapula
i- major- medial border of the scapula between the spine of scaupla and inferior angle, minor- upper portion of medial border of the scapula, across from the spine of the scapula
o- major- spinous process of T2-T5, minor- spinous process of C7-T1

89
Q

serratus anterior
action
insert
origin

A

a- abduct, upwardly rotate, and depress scapula, hold medial border of scapula to rib cage
i- anterior surface of medial border of the scapula
o- external surface of upper eight or nine ribs

90
Q

parascapular muscles

A

upper trap
lower trap
serratus anterior

91
Q

how to check dermatomes

A

touch/no touch
hot/cold
dull/sharp
2 pt discrimination

92
Q

DTR

A

C5- biceps
C6- Brachioradialis
C7- Triceps

ACoMSC (6 decks)

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