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ACoMSC > Elbow > Flashcards

Elbow Flashcards

1
Q

cubital recurvatum

A

backward bowing of elbow

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2
Q

cubital valgum

A

elbow angles away from body

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3
Q

cubital varum

A

elbow angle in

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4
Q

epistaxis

A

nose bleed

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5
Q

ecchymosis

A

discoloration of the skin resulting from bleeding underneath the skin, bruising

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6
Q

most common MOI anteriorly dislocated shoulder

A

FOOSH

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7
Q

what are the nerve roots tested and their location for the three deep tendon reflex sites

A

c5 biceps
c6 brachioradialis
c7 triceps

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8
Q

why should you perform valgus and varus tests at 0 and 30

A

0 is for the joint capsule and 30 test the ligaments

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9
Q

a drop wrist deformity indicates an injury to which nerve

A

radial nerve

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10
Q

pronator teres syndrome resulting in positive pinch test affects which nerve in the forearm

A

median nerve

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11
Q

what is the afferent (sensory) distribution area for the ulna nerve?

A

medial triceps

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12
Q

what is the afferent (sensory) distribution area for the radial nerve?

A

medial 4/5th finger to elbow

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13
Q

what is the afferent (sensory) distribution area for the median nerve?

A

2/3 finger web

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14
Q

what type of injury should you consider every unconscious person to have until proven otherwise

A

spinal

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15
Q

what do you call an athlete that may exaggerate or fake signs and symptoms in order to avoid practice or competing

A

1

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16
Q

explain how a deep tendon reflex works

A

when a tendon is given a quick tap it will reflexive contraction

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17
Q

explain what a hills-sachs lesion is including the mechanism that causes it and where the lesion is located

A

posterolateral humeral head compression fracture, anterior shoulder dislocation

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18
Q

what is radial tunnel syndrome

A

direct pressure on a firm object typically following a deep sleep on the arm

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19
Q

how does radial tunnel syndrome normally occur

A

often after alcohol intoxication

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20
Q

what is another name for radial tunnel syndrome

A

Saturday night palsy

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21
Q

how can you clinically differentiate lateral epicondylagia and radial tunnel syndrome

A

if it lasts longer than 6 months it is RTS

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22
Q

what are the three compartments of the forearm

A

volar-
dorsal
mobile wad of henery

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23
Q

what muscles compose the mobile wad of henry

A

brachioradialis

extensor radialis longus and brevis

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24
Q

what are the three primary muscles that flex the wrist

A

Biceps Brachii
Brachialis
Brachioradialis

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25
Q

myotome actions for C5-T1

A 
c5- shoulder shrugs
c6- shoulder abduction
c7- elbow extension, wrist flexion
c8- finger flexion, grip strenght
t1- finger abduction
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26
Q

what nerve goes through the cubbital tunnel

A

ulnar nerve

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27
Q

what stress test is used to determine laxity in the anterior bundle of the ucl

A

valgus

28
Q

what stress test is used to determine laxity in the anterior bundle of the lcl

A

varus

29
Q

What test should be performed in conjunction with the empty can test to ensure you are not obtaining a false positive?

A

scapular retraction test

30
Q

flexor carpi radialis
insertion
origin

A

i- longus- base of second metacarpal, brevis- base of 3rd finger
o- longus- distal 1/3 of the lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus, brevis- common extensor tendon from the lateral epicondyle of humerus

31
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris
insertion
origin

A

i- base of 5th metacarpal

o- common extensor tendon from the lateral epicondyle of humerus

32
Q

what is acute compartment syndrome

A

pressure within muscles builds to dangerous lvls.

33
Q

does acute compartment syndrome require immediate referral to a hospital

A

yes

34
Q

how do you grade deep tendon reflexes

A 
0= no response
1+= hypoflexia, slow
2+= normal
3+= hyperflexia, fast
4+= hyperflexia, exaggerated
35
Q

know the 5 types of salter harris fractures

A

1

36
Q

where is the most common site of osteochondritis in the elbow
how does this occur
what age group is most often affected

A

capitellum
13-16
valgus stress with overhead throwing during cocking and follow through.

37
Q

what is the normal carrying angle for men

A

5-10

38
Q

what is the normal carrying angle for women

A

10-15

39
Q

explain the joint mechanics resulting in the pathophysiology for osteochondritis dissecans and ulnar collateral ligament damage of the elbow in the overhead throwing athletes

A

The medial elbow has compressive force on the medial side of the elbow and tensional force on the lateral side of the elbow. Injuries that this can cause is UCL sprain, osteochondritis dissecans. Ways to prevent this injury is to reduce throwing in younger individuals and to increase strength, using proper form.

40
Q

what are the 2 primary elbow extenders

A

triceps brachii

anconeus

41
Q

what are the 3 primary elbow flexors

A

biceps brachii
brachialis
brachoradialis

42
Q

what motion occurs at the humeroulnar articulation

A

flexion/extension

43
Q

what motion occurs at the humeroradial articulation

A

flexion/extension

pronation/supination

44
Q

know the 3 bundles of the ucl and where they are attached and how the support the elbow

A

anterior, posterior and transverse

45
Q

Cubital varus caused by a condylar fracture or distal epiphyseal injury to the humerus is called?

A

gunstock deformity

46
Q

Explain how glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD) contributes to a chronic ulnar collateral ligament injury.

A

1

47
Q

What muscles need to be strengthened to treat an UCL sprain?

A

triceps, wrist flexors and pronators, and anconeus

48
Q

What other structure can be injured with a radial collateral ligament sprain?

A

annular ligament

49
Q

List the five major parts of the brachial plexus starting at the spinal cord and extending distally

A

5 Roots C5- T1
3 Trunks
6 Divisions
3 Cords

50
Q

what is another name for tennis elbow

A

lateral epicondylitis

51
Q

explain the pathophysiology of little leaguer’s elbow and how its prevented

A

avulsion of tendon from medial epicondyle,

limit amount of pitches

52
Q

what is the most common MOI for distal biceps brachii tendon rupture

A

acute injury to overstretch or eccentric loading of biceps brachii

53
Q

in what area would cubital tunnel syndrome create neurological symptoms

A

1

54
Q

what are volkmann’s ischemic contractures and what type of injury can cause them

A

compartment syndrome

permanent shortening of forearm muscles, claw like deformity to hand

55
Q

explain MOI, direction of movement and care of a dislocated elbow

A

posterior, loading force in slight flexion

reduced by doctor may be fracture or neurovascular issues

56
Q

explain the developmental issues at the elbow for adolescents who participate in overhead throwing sprots

A

medial epicondyle will be bigger

57
Q

explain how you can check the bony alignment of the elbow during inspection

A

3 dots medial lateral epicondyle and olecranon process

58
Q

golfers elbow

A

medial epicondylitis

59
Q

pinch grip test

A

ulnar nerve entrapment

60
Q

resistive tennis elbow test

A

lateral epicondylitis

61
Q

valgus stress test

A

ucl sprain

62
Q

varus stress test

A

rcl spain

63
Q

moving valgus stress test

A

ucl sprain

64
Q

cozens test

A

lateral epicondylitis

65
Q

tinel’s sign

A

unlar nerve entrapment

ACoMSC (6 decks)

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