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Pharmacology > Exam1Lec1Pharmacokinetics > Flashcards

Exam1Lec1Pharmacokinetics Flashcards

1
Q

What are two main concepts about drugs

A
  1. Drugs mask problems, not solve them
  2. All drugs are poison at high concentration
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2
Q

What are pharmacokinetics?

A

The process by which drugs are absorbed, distributed within the body, metabolized, and excreted

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3
Q

Absorption

A

process which drugs enter systemic circulation

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4
Q

100% of a drug is absorbed if administered?

A

IV

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5
Q

Distribution

A

drugs reach its site of action

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6
Q

Elimination

A

process where drugs are enzymatically altered (biotransformation) mainly in liver and excreted in kidneys

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7
Q

Only _____ drugs can cross the BBB

A

highly lipid soluble/non-ionized

hydrophobic

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8
Q

Factors in transfer of drugs across membranes

A
  1. molecular size and shape
  2. lipid: water partition coeffic. (solubutlity of drug)
  3. most drugs are WA or WB
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9
Q

determines solubility of the drug and affects distribution

A

lipid:water partition coefficient

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10
Q

Nonionized drugs ____ cross the cell membrane. Ionized drugs ____ cross.

A

can, cannot

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11
Q

weak acid ___ an H+ ion

A

gives

equation goes to the right becaause lower pH means more H+ pushing the equation twoards unionized form

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12
Q

weak base ___ an H+ ion

A

takes

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13
Q

strong acids ____ compared to WA

A

completely dissociate

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14
Q

For weak acid, the degree of ionization depends of what?

A

pH

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15
Q

decrease pH = ___ more ionized

A

base

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16
Q

increase pH = ____ more ionized

A

acid

17
Q

Only the ____ form of the drugs can readily cross the cell membrane

A

non-ionized (HA/B)

no charge so free to go around

18
Q

Henderson-Hasselbalch equation: Weak acid vs. WB

A

WA:
pH = pKa + log10 (I/U)
WB:
pH = pKa + log10 (U/I)

remember I owe U for WA
HH eq allows the calculation of degree of the ionization for weak acids or weak bases

19
Q

Term for when drugs become trapped on one side of a lipid mucosal barrier

A

ion trapping

20
Q

weak acids get trapped on ____ side

A

basic

21
Q

weak bases get trapped on ____ side

A

acidic

22
Q

Processes of drug transfer

A
  1. Passive diffusion
  2. Active transport
  3. Facilitated diffusion
23
Q

Passive diffusion:
1. movement on gradient?
2. saturable?
3. carrier mediated?
4. extra detail?

A

high to low [ ] (down graidient)
NOT saturable
NOT carrier med
it is the most common and the higher the lipid: water partition coefficient the faster is the passive diffusion

ex: ethanol

24
Q

Active transport:
1. movement on gradient?
2. saturable?
3. carrier mediated?
4. extra detail?

A

Low to High (up gradient) (only transport that does this)
Saturable
Carrier mediated
Needs Energy

ex: penicillin in kidney p-glycoprotein and MRP are the main transporters of drugs

25
Q

What are xenobiotics?

A

Foreign chemical substance that goes through active transport

26
Q

What does fixed capacity mean?

A

You reach vmax so you cant go higher than that

27
Q

Faciliated diffusion:
1. movement on gradient?
2. saturable?
3. carrier mediated?

A

High to low ( down gradient)
Saturable
Carrier mediated

ex: amino acids transport into brain

28
Q

What is bulk flow?

A

movement of molecules through capillary junction

29
Q

What is pinocytosis?

A

Formation and movement of vesicles. it plays a minor role in drug transport across the membrane

30
Q

What are the factors that affect drug absoprtion?

A

solubility, concentration, circulation, surface area, time

31
Q

Drug absorption:

Solubility

A

aqueous solution vs. oily solution

pH (ex: aspirin)

32
Q

How does Concentration affect drug absoption?

A

high concentration of drug absorbed more quickly

33
Q

How does circulation affect affect drug absoprtion?

A

increase circulation = increase absorption

decrease circulation = decrease absorptions

34
Q

Drug absorption:
Surface Area

A

Intestinal mucosa = oral meds
Pulm. alveolar epithelium = anesthetics
Skin = patches

antibitoics get through bodies through lungs

Pharmacology (26 decks)

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