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exam1 Flashcards

1
Q

Modes of Transmission where:

Inhaled by the susceptible host

(Measles, chickenpox, TB, Pertusis, Influenza, SARS)

A

Airborne

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2
Q

when defining community & looking at place. you look at what 2 things

A

physical factors

environmental factors

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3
Q

anthrax treatment -

anthrax isolation-

A

anthrax treatment - Antitoxin and IV antibiotics

anthrax isolation- Contact /
Powder- N95 mask until decontamination of environment is complete

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4
Q

Level of Prevention—Individual where

exercise therapy after stroke

A

tertiarary

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5
Q

12 Leading Health Indicators for healthy people 2020

A

Maternal, Infant, and Child Health
Clinical Preventive Services

Mental Health
Injury and Violence
Tobacco Use

Reproductive and Sexual Health
Environmental Quality 
Access to Health Services
Social Determinants
Oral Health
Nutrition, Physical Activity,Obesity
Substance Abuse
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6
Q

Nursing Activities:

Usually indirect (Program management)
Direct care of at risk aggregates
A

Community Oriented Nursing

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7
Q

Means by which an infectious agent enters a new host

A

Portal(s) of entry

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8
Q

2 goals of healthy people 2020

A

To increase quality and years of healthy life and
To eliminate health disparities

(Quality and Quantity of years living)

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9
Q

________ precautions for any patient with symptoms of an infection

A

Universal

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10
Q

TB

is screened by _____
is a _____ precaution

A

PPD, X-ray, Quantiferon test

Airborne

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11
Q

formation of medicare D - (drugs or prescrption bennifits)

was created through

A

medicare modernization act of 2003

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12
Q

Level of Prevention—Family where

TB skn test

A

secondary

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13
Q

is the study of the distribution and determinants of health and disease in human populations and is the principal science of public health

A

Epidemiology

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14
Q

all employers must offer an insurane coverage to all employees

A

HMO act

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15
Q

what are the 3 components of public health

A

promoting health
preventing disease
prolonging life

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16
Q

2 signs and symtoms of chlamydia

A

painul urination

bloood tinged urine

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17
Q

Number of existing cases in the population at a specific time / total population x 1000 = ______ per 1,000

A

Prevalence

Total Cases

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18
Q

2 precautions to prevent pertusis

A

Tdap vacciene

droplet isolation precaution

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19
Q

when do you administer the HPV vacciene

A

age 11-12

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20
Q

health services
mode of transportation
religuous groups
political affiliations

are all examples of

A

social systems

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21
Q

– an unexpected occurrence of an infectious disease in a limited geographic area during a limited period of time (e-coli)

A

Outbreak

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22
Q

Focus of Care

Individuals and families

A

Community Based Nursing

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23
Q

an innate resistance to a specific antigen or toxin

A

Natural immunity:

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24
Q

type of health care system where

target population: population

cost: free
funding: federal and state
accessibility: more people are covered; general population

A

public

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25
Q

derived from actual exposure to specific infectious agent, toxin, or appropriate vaccine

A

Acquired immunity:

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26
Q

when educating patients on STI let them know that most are ________

A

asymptomatic

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27
Q

2 risk factors of chlamydia

A

multiple sex partners

history of sti

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28
Q

Manufacturing, labeling, and sale of food

A

Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906

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29
Q

Fever, cough, colds, lack of appetite, weakness

are signs and symptoms of

A

Influenza

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30
Q

Hemoptysis, fever, lack of appetite, weight loss

are signs and symptoms of

A

TB

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31
Q

states pays back ____% back from medicaid

there is a lot of documentation

takes about ______ days for physician to get paid

A

60%

90 days

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32
Q

2 indicators to measure heath in a community

A

morbidity rates

mortality rates

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33
Q

no overt symptomatic disease

A

Subclinical infection:

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34
Q

imunizations must be ____ until given to the patient

A

cold

cold chain- above 40 degrees and it wont work

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35
Q

5 Factors for Determining Priorities for Community Health Planning

A

Aggregates preferences

Number of individuals affected by the health problem

Severity of the health need or problem

Availability of potential solutions ( funding !)

Practical considerations such as skills, time, and available resources

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36
Q

took he handle off the broad street pump to prevent people from dieing from tainted water

A

john snow

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37
Q

Modes of Transmission where:

Via a carrier (mosquito or tick)

(West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Malaria)

A

Vector-Borne

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38
Q

a group of people having common personal or environmental characteristics

A

Population

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39
Q

– steady occurrence of a disease over a large geographic area or worldwide (HIV) Continued to be monitored by CDC (H1N1)

A

Pandemic

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40
Q

Disease process is _________. It must be transmitted within a conducive environment to a susceptible host

A

multi-causal

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41
Q

Primary Goal:

Health Promotion and disease prevention

A

Community Oriented Nursing

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42
Q

first to start up a water system and mecial system

A

romans

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43
Q

diseases that occur at a consistent, expected level in a geographic area

A

Endemic

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44
Q

What are the 3 public health core function

A

assessment
policy development
assurance

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45
Q

proportion of illnesses in a population

A

morbidity

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46
Q

a written statement of a person’s wishes regarding medical treatment, often including a living will, made to ensure those wishes are carried out should the person be unable to communicate them to a doctor

A

Advance directives

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47
Q

Primary Goal:

Management of acute or chronic conditions

A

Community Based Nursing

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48
Q

type of surveillance whrere:

report cases to state in 24 hours (positive HIV etc)

A

passive surveillance

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49
Q

is a mechanism for the ongoing collection of community health information. Monitoring for changes in disease frequency is essential to effective and responsive public health programs

A

surveillance

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50
Q

level of prevention where prevention of problems before they occur

(immuniztion)

A

primary

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51
Q

type of health care system where

target population: individual

cost: varies
funding: private
accesibility: resolving ghe health problems of individuals nad famlies

A

private

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52
Q

Method whereby the infectious agent is transmitted from one host (or reservoir) to another host

A

Mode(s) of transmission

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53
Q

incidence of death in a population

A

mortality

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54
Q

Level of Prevention—Family where

mental health counseling

A

tertiary

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55
Q

Focus of Care

Aggregates; high risk groups

A

Community Oriented Nursing

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56
Q

Level of Prevention—Group where

swim therapy for disabled elders at a senior center

A

tertiary

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57
Q

MRSA

is screened by _____
is a _____ precaution

A

Nose and mouth Swab

Contact

58
Q

target population is sick individuals in the community

A

Community Based Nursing

59
Q

model illustrates the complexity of relationships among causal variables for heart disease

A

The web of causation

60
Q

when do you give measles first and second dose

A

12-15 months

4-6 years old

61
Q

define people of the community by what 3 factors

A

biological
social
cultural

62
Q

what does medicaid cover

A

everything

63
Q

Level of Prevention—Community where

fluoride water supplementation

environmental sanitation

A

primary

64
Q

treatment for pertusis

A

antibiotic therapy

65
Q

target population is healthy individuals in the community

A

Community Oriented Nursing

66
Q

Influenza

is screened by _____
is a _____ precaution

A

Nose and mouth swab

Droplet

67
Q

Population Focused

Provision of Essential services (recreation programs, schools, HCP, religious organizations, etc.)

A

Public Health

68
Q

Wheel Model of Human-Environment Interaction Genetic diseases include what 3 things based around the human

A

biological environment
physical environment
social environment

69
Q

Modes of Transmission where:

Fecal contamination of Water
Cholera, Typhoid fever, bacillary dysentery

A

Waterborne

70
Q

Level of Prevention—Individual where

dietary teaching during pregnancy

A

prinmary

71
Q

Epidemiological Triangle is composed of what 3 things

A

host
agent
environment

72
Q

aims to improve aggregate health and applies the nursing process to the larger aggregate within a systems framework.

A

Health Planning Model

73
Q

people who continue to shed infectious agent without any symptoms of disease

A

Carriers:

74
Q

level of prevention where early detection and intervention

screening for STI

A

secondary

75
Q

Level of Prevention—Group where

birthing classes for pregnant teenage mothers

A

primary

76
Q

are legal documents whose purpose is to allow individuals to specify what type of medical treatment they would or would not want if they became incapacitated or had an irreversible terminal illness

A

Living wills

77
Q

type of surveillance whrere:

IVPH calls the hospital to inquire about certain cases (HIV patients etc.)

A

active surveillance

78
Q 
lingustically isolated 
population in poverty
no high school diploma
unployed rate 
population below 200% FPL

are all examples of

A

Determinants of Health

79
Q

Level of Prevention—Individual where

HIV testing

A

secondary

80
Q

10 Nationally Notifiable Diseases

A 
Anthrax
Botulism
Cholera
Congenital Rubella Syndrome
Lyme Disease
Rubella
Mumps
Syphilis
Typhoid Fever
Rabies
81
Q

was at first only for people who were employed in 1935 but it as extended to Benefits for mothers, children, elderly, disabled in 1965

A

Social Security Act

82
Q

Level of Prevention—Community where

lead screening for children by school district

A

secondry

83
Q

collection
interpretation
analysis

are all factors of

A

surveillance

84
Q

Number of infant deaths before 1 year of age / number of live births in the same year x 1000 = ____per year

A

Infant Mortality Rate

85
Q

type of medicare that:

covers outpatient services

A

b

86
Q

– an unexpected increase of an infectious disease in a geographic area over an extended period of time

A

Epidemic

87
Q

Level of Prevention—Community where

shelter and relocation for fire or earthquake victims

A

tertirary

88
Q

entry and multiplication of infectious agent in host

A

Infections:

89
Q

a state in which those not immune to an infectious agent will be protected if a certain proportion (generally considered to be 80%) of the population has been vaccinated or is otherwise immune

A

Herd immunity:

90
Q

Number of new cases in the population at a specific time / total population x 1000= _______ per 1,000

A

Incidence

New Cases

91
Q

biological weapons of mass destruction category where

potential morbidity to mortality

A

category C

rabies, influenza

92
Q

descriptive epidemiology

person
place
time

A

person place and time model

93
Q

Third leading lifestyle-related cause of death in the United States

A

Alcohol Consumption

94
Q

used to evalute the effectiveness of disease prevention and health promotion activities and to determine the extent to which the goals are met

A

Epidemiological calculations

95
Q

driving or walking through an area and making organized observations.

A

windshield survey

96
Q

Number of deaths / total population x 1000= _____per 1,000

A

Crude Mortality Rate

97
Q

type of medicare that:

supplemental insurance

A

c

98
Q

type of medicare that:

covers impatient services

A

a

99
Q

federal and sated funded
low income
pregnant, elderly, disability are all priority clients

A

medicaid

100
Q

combination of nursing practice and public health practice

A

community health nursing

101
Q

biological weapons of mass destruction category where

moderitly easy to spread and low mortality

A

category B

(ecoli, west nile virus, typhoid fever

102
Q

subgroups or subpopulations that have some common characteristics

A

Aggregates

103
Q

example of artificial active innoculation

A

influenza vaccience

104
Q

An organism (virus, rickettsia, bacteria, fungus, protozoan, helminth, or prion) capable of producing infection or infectious disease

A

Infectious agent

105
Q

Nursing Activities:

Direct one-on-one)

A

Community Based Nursing

106
Q

Prevent Disease, Detect Disease in Early Stages, or to Maximize Health Within the Constraints of Disease

(led poision)

A

Health Protection

107
Q

reduced the disincentives to work for PWD by increasing access to vocational services and provided new methods for retaining health insurance after they returned to work

A

Ticket to Work and Work Incentives Improvement Act

108
Q

Any combination of health education and related organizational, economic, and environmental supports for behavior of individuals, groups, or communities conducive to health

(back to sleep, VFC program, etc)

A

Health Promotion

109
Q

example of artificial passive innoculation

A

hep B vacciene

110
Q

biological weapons of mass destruction category where

highest priority that poses national security risk because it is easily spread and high mortality rates

A

category A

anthrax, botullism, plague,small pox

111
Q

3 Community Assessment Components

A

Aggregate of the People
Place or environment
Social Systems

112
Q

Level of Prevention—Family where

adequate housing

A

primary

113
Q

Controlling fraud and abuse of the health care system can decrease total US healthcare costs by __%

A

10

114
Q

what virus can cause cancer

A

HPV

115
Q

used stats data to implement sanitation

british army

(hand sanitation between patients and sterile surgical)

A

Florence Nightingale

116
Q

regulated by the federal government

65 years and older
disability
ESRD

are all qualified for

A

medicare

117
Q

for an adult patient the number of hours of sleep needed

A

7-9 hours

118
Q

Modes of Transmission where:

Transmission of infection from infected host to a susceptible host

(STD, Lice Scabies)

A

Direct Contact

119
Q

The environment in which a pathogen lives and multiplies

A

Reservoir (source)

120
Q

Means by which an infectious agent is transported from the host

A

Portal(s) of exit

121
Q

type of medicare that:

covers drugs

A

d

122
Q

ensures coverage of insurance after a loss of a job

A

cobra

123
Q

level of prevention where correction and prevention of deteroiation of disease state

(teaching client how to administer insulin)

A

tertiarary

124
Q

The presence or absence of resistance to an infectious agent

A

Host susceptibility

125
Q

3 Essentials of Community Health Nursing

A

Determinants of Health - (factors that influence the health of the community)

Health indicators - mortality and morbidity rates

nurses - adequate professionals

126
Q

: temporary resistance that has been donated to the host

A

Passive acquired

127
Q

Level of Prevention—Group where

hearing test at seniors center

A

secondary

128
Q

: body produces its own antibodies

A

Active acquired

129
Q

3 T’s for led poision

A

talk - talk about sources and prevention
test - screening
treat - kelation therapy

130
Q

Red, swollen,painful, and warm to the touch, full of pus or other drainage with fever

are signs and symptoms of

A

MRSA

131
Q

how often do pap smears need to be done

A

every 2-3 years

132
Q

when the cold chain is broken, it is called ___

A

primary vacciene failure

133
Q

help the poor, homeless and immagrants in the comunity

established house on henry street

visiting nurses association of NYC

started school nursing

A

lillian ward

134
Q

Headache, fever,chills,muscle aches, chest discomfort, severe dyspnea, shock

mode of transmission: cutaneous, pulmonary & gastrointestinal

are signs and symptoms of

A

anthrax

135
Q

anthrax Prevention

A

Vaccine for those high risk for exposure

militry

136
Q

when do you start screening patient for HPV (pap smear)

A

when sexually active

137
Q

Modes of Transmission where:

Food infection (bacterial, viral, parasitic infection of food)
Food intoxication ( toxins produced through bacterial growth

(Norovirus, Salmonellosis, Hep A, E. Coli, Trichinosis, S. Aureus, C. Botulinum)

A

Foodborne

138
Q

make sure you find a provider for patients that accepts ____ patients with medicare

A

new

139
Q

is a group or collection of locality-based individuals, interacting in social units and sharing common interests, characteristics, values and/or goals.

A

Community

140
Q

flu like symptoms, white spots in mouth are signs and symptoms of __________

airborne precaution

A

measles

community (3 decks)

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