exam1 Flashcards
Modes of Transmission where:
Inhaled by the susceptible host
(Measles, chickenpox, TB, Pertusis, Influenza, SARS)
Airborne
when defining community & looking at place. you look at what 2 things
physical factors
environmental factors
anthrax treatment -
anthrax isolation-
anthrax treatment - Antitoxin and IV antibiotics
anthrax isolation- Contact /
Powder- N95 mask until decontamination of environment is complete
Level of Prevention—Individual where
exercise therapy after stroke
tertiarary
12 Leading Health Indicators for healthy people 2020
Maternal, Infant, and Child Health
Clinical Preventive Services
Mental Health
Injury and Violence
Tobacco Use
Reproductive and Sexual Health Environmental Quality Access to Health Services Social Determinants Oral Health Nutrition, Physical Activity,Obesity Substance Abuse
Nursing Activities:
Usually indirect (Program management) Direct care of at risk aggregates
Community Oriented Nursing
Means by which an infectious agent enters a new host
Portal(s) of entry
2 goals of healthy people 2020
To increase quality and years of healthy life and
To eliminate health disparities
(Quality and Quantity of years living)
________ precautions for any patient with symptoms of an infection
Universal
TB
is screened by _____
is a _____ precaution
PPD, X-ray, Quantiferon test
Airborne
formation of medicare D - (drugs or prescrption bennifits)
was created through
medicare modernization act of 2003
Level of Prevention—Family where
TB skn test
secondary
is the study of the distribution and determinants of health and disease in human populations and is the principal science of public health
Epidemiology
all employers must offer an insurane coverage to all employees
HMO act
what are the 3 components of public health
promoting health
preventing disease
prolonging life
2 signs and symtoms of chlamydia
painul urination
bloood tinged urine
Number of existing cases in the population at a specific time / total population x 1000 = ______ per 1,000
Prevalence
Total Cases
2 precautions to prevent pertusis
Tdap vacciene
droplet isolation precaution
when do you administer the HPV vacciene
age 11-12
health services
mode of transportation
religuous groups
political affiliations
are all examples of
social systems
– an unexpected occurrence of an infectious disease in a limited geographic area during a limited period of time (e-coli)
Outbreak
Focus of Care
Individuals and families
Community Based Nursing
an innate resistance to a specific antigen or toxin
Natural immunity:
type of health care system where
target population: population
cost: free
funding: federal and state
accessibility: more people are covered; general population
public
derived from actual exposure to specific infectious agent, toxin, or appropriate vaccine
Acquired immunity:
when educating patients on STI let them know that most are ________
asymptomatic
2 risk factors of chlamydia
multiple sex partners
history of sti
Manufacturing, labeling, and sale of food
Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906
Fever, cough, colds, lack of appetite, weakness
are signs and symptoms of
Influenza
Hemoptysis, fever, lack of appetite, weight loss
are signs and symptoms of
TB
states pays back ____% back from medicaid
there is a lot of documentation
takes about ______ days for physician to get paid
60%
90 days
2 indicators to measure heath in a community
morbidity rates
mortality rates
no overt symptomatic disease
Subclinical infection:
imunizations must be ____ until given to the patient
cold
cold chain- above 40 degrees and it wont work
5 Factors for Determining Priorities for Community Health Planning
Aggregates preferences
Number of individuals affected by the health problem
Severity of the health need or problem
Availability of potential solutions ( funding !)
Practical considerations such as skills, time, and available resources
took he handle off the broad street pump to prevent people from dieing from tainted water
john snow
Modes of Transmission where:
Via a carrier (mosquito or tick)
(West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Malaria)
Vector-Borne
a group of people having common personal or environmental characteristics
Population
– steady occurrence of a disease over a large geographic area or worldwide (HIV) Continued to be monitored by CDC (H1N1)
Pandemic
Disease process is _________. It must be transmitted within a conducive environment to a susceptible host
multi-causal
Primary Goal:
Health Promotion and disease prevention
Community Oriented Nursing
first to start up a water system and mecial system
romans
diseases that occur at a consistent, expected level in a geographic area
Endemic
What are the 3 public health core function
assessment
policy development
assurance
proportion of illnesses in a population
morbidity
a written statement of a person’s wishes regarding medical treatment, often including a living will, made to ensure those wishes are carried out should the person be unable to communicate them to a doctor
Advance directives
Primary Goal:
Management of acute or chronic conditions
Community Based Nursing
type of surveillance whrere:
report cases to state in 24 hours (positive HIV etc)
passive surveillance
is a mechanism for the ongoing collection of community health information. Monitoring for changes in disease frequency is essential to effective and responsive public health programs
surveillance
level of prevention where prevention of problems before they occur
(immuniztion)
primary
type of health care system where
target population: individual
cost: varies
funding: private
accesibility: resolving ghe health problems of individuals nad famlies
private
Method whereby the infectious agent is transmitted from one host (or reservoir) to another host
Mode(s) of transmission
incidence of death in a population
mortality
Level of Prevention—Family where
mental health counseling
tertiary
Focus of Care
Aggregates; high risk groups
Community Oriented Nursing
Level of Prevention—Group where
swim therapy for disabled elders at a senior center
tertiary
MRSA
is screened by _____
is a _____ precaution
Nose and mouth Swab
Contact
target population is sick individuals in the community
Community Based Nursing
model illustrates the complexity of relationships among causal variables for heart disease
The web of causation
when do you give measles first and second dose
12-15 months
4-6 years old
define people of the community by what 3 factors
biological
social
cultural
what does medicaid cover
everything
Level of Prevention—Community where
fluoride water supplementation
environmental sanitation
primary
treatment for pertusis
antibiotic therapy
target population is healthy individuals in the community
Community Oriented Nursing
Influenza
is screened by _____
is a _____ precaution
Nose and mouth swab
Droplet
Population Focused
Provision of Essential services (recreation programs, schools, HCP, religious organizations, etc.)
Public Health
Wheel Model of Human-Environment Interaction Genetic diseases include what 3 things based around the human
biological environment
physical environment
social environment
Modes of Transmission where:
Fecal contamination of Water
Cholera, Typhoid fever, bacillary dysentery
Waterborne
Level of Prevention—Individual where
dietary teaching during pregnancy
prinmary
Epidemiological Triangle is composed of what 3 things
host
agent
environment
aims to improve aggregate health and applies the nursing process to the larger aggregate within a systems framework.
Health Planning Model
people who continue to shed infectious agent without any symptoms of disease
Carriers:
level of prevention where early detection and intervention
screening for STI
secondary
Level of Prevention—Group where
birthing classes for pregnant teenage mothers
primary
are legal documents whose purpose is to allow individuals to specify what type of medical treatment they would or would not want if they became incapacitated or had an irreversible terminal illness
Living wills
type of surveillance whrere:
IVPH calls the hospital to inquire about certain cases (HIV patients etc.)
active surveillance
lingustically isolated population in poverty no high school diploma unployed rate population below 200% FPL
are all examples of
Determinants of Health
Level of Prevention—Individual where
HIV testing
secondary
10 Nationally Notifiable Diseases
Anthrax Botulism Cholera Congenital Rubella Syndrome Lyme Disease Rubella Mumps Syphilis Typhoid Fever Rabies
was at first only for people who were employed in 1935 but it as extended to Benefits for mothers, children, elderly, disabled in 1965
Social Security Act
Level of Prevention—Community where
lead screening for children by school district
secondry
collection
interpretation
analysis
are all factors of
surveillance
Number of infant deaths before 1 year of age / number of live births in the same year x 1000 = ____per year
Infant Mortality Rate
type of medicare that:
covers outpatient services
b
– an unexpected increase of an infectious disease in a geographic area over an extended period of time
Epidemic
Level of Prevention—Community where
shelter and relocation for fire or earthquake victims
tertirary
entry and multiplication of infectious agent in host
Infections:
a state in which those not immune to an infectious agent will be protected if a certain proportion (generally considered to be 80%) of the population has been vaccinated or is otherwise immune
Herd immunity:
Number of new cases in the population at a specific time / total population x 1000= _______ per 1,000
Incidence
New Cases
biological weapons of mass destruction category where
potential morbidity to mortality
category C
rabies, influenza
descriptive epidemiology
person
place
time
person place and time model
Third leading lifestyle-related cause of death in the United States
Alcohol Consumption
used to evalute the effectiveness of disease prevention and health promotion activities and to determine the extent to which the goals are met
Epidemiological calculations
driving or walking through an area and making organized observations.
windshield survey
Number of deaths / total population x 1000= _____per 1,000
Crude Mortality Rate
type of medicare that:
supplemental insurance
c
type of medicare that:
covers impatient services
a
federal and sated funded
low income
pregnant, elderly, disability are all priority clients
medicaid
combination of nursing practice and public health practice
community health nursing
biological weapons of mass destruction category where
moderitly easy to spread and low mortality
category B
(ecoli, west nile virus, typhoid fever
subgroups or subpopulations that have some common characteristics
Aggregates
example of artificial active innoculation
influenza vaccience
An organism (virus, rickettsia, bacteria, fungus, protozoan, helminth, or prion) capable of producing infection or infectious disease
Infectious agent
Nursing Activities:
Direct one-on-one)
Community Based Nursing
Prevent Disease, Detect Disease in Early Stages, or to Maximize Health Within the Constraints of Disease
(led poision)
Health Protection
reduced the disincentives to work for PWD by increasing access to vocational services and provided new methods for retaining health insurance after they returned to work
Ticket to Work and Work Incentives Improvement Act
Any combination of health education and related organizational, economic, and environmental supports for behavior of individuals, groups, or communities conducive to health
(back to sleep, VFC program, etc)
Health Promotion
example of artificial passive innoculation
hep B vacciene
biological weapons of mass destruction category where
highest priority that poses national security risk because it is easily spread and high mortality rates
category A
anthrax, botullism, plague,small pox
3 Community Assessment Components
Aggregate of the People
Place or environment
Social Systems
Level of Prevention—Family where
adequate housing
primary
Controlling fraud and abuse of the health care system can decrease total US healthcare costs by __%
10
what virus can cause cancer
HPV
used stats data to implement sanitation
british army
(hand sanitation between patients and sterile surgical)
Florence Nightingale
regulated by the federal government
65 years and older
disability
ESRD
are all qualified for
medicare
for an adult patient the number of hours of sleep needed
7-9 hours
Modes of Transmission where:
Transmission of infection from infected host to a susceptible host
(STD, Lice Scabies)
Direct Contact
The environment in which a pathogen lives and multiplies
Reservoir (source)
Means by which an infectious agent is transported from the host
Portal(s) of exit
type of medicare that:
covers drugs
d
ensures coverage of insurance after a loss of a job
cobra
level of prevention where correction and prevention of deteroiation of disease state
(teaching client how to administer insulin)
tertiarary
The presence or absence of resistance to an infectious agent
Host susceptibility
3 Essentials of Community Health Nursing
Determinants of Health - (factors that influence the health of the community)
Health indicators - mortality and morbidity rates
nurses - adequate professionals
: temporary resistance that has been donated to the host
Passive acquired
Level of Prevention—Group where
hearing test at seniors center
secondary
: body produces its own antibodies
Active acquired
3 T’s for led poision
talk - talk about sources and prevention
test - screening
treat - kelation therapy
Red, swollen,painful, and warm to the touch, full of pus or other drainage with fever
are signs and symptoms of
MRSA
how often do pap smears need to be done
every 2-3 years
when the cold chain is broken, it is called ___
primary vacciene failure
help the poor, homeless and immagrants in the comunity
established house on henry street
visiting nurses association of NYC
started school nursing
lillian ward
Headache, fever,chills,muscle aches, chest discomfort, severe dyspnea, shock
mode of transmission: cutaneous, pulmonary & gastrointestinal
are signs and symptoms of
anthrax
anthrax Prevention
Vaccine for those high risk for exposure
militry
when do you start screening patient for HPV (pap smear)
when sexually active
Modes of Transmission where:
Food infection (bacterial, viral, parasitic infection of food) Food intoxication ( toxins produced through bacterial growth
(Norovirus, Salmonellosis, Hep A, E. Coli, Trichinosis, S. Aureus, C. Botulinum)
Foodborne
make sure you find a provider for patients that accepts ____ patients with medicare
new
is a group or collection of locality-based individuals, interacting in social units and sharing common interests, characteristics, values and/or goals.
Community
flu like symptoms, white spots in mouth are signs and symptoms of __________
airborne precaution
measles
