ati Flashcards
Highlights the relationship between an individual’s environment and health.
- Depicts health as a continuum.
- Emphasizes preventive care.
Nightingale’s Environmental Theory
• Purpose is to predict or explain health behaviors.
• Assumes that preventive health behaviors are taken primarily for the purpose of avoiding
disease.
Health Belief Model
Describes the likelihood of taking an action to avoid disease based on the following.
Perceived susceptibility, seriousness, and threat of a disease
Modifying factors (e.g., demographics, knowledge level)
Cues to action (e.g., media campaigns, disease effect on family/friends, recommendations
from health care professionals)
Perceived benefits minus perceived barriers to taking action
Health Belief Model
3 things that make up the EPIDEMIOLOGICAL TRIANGLE
The agent (the physical, infectious, or chemical factor that causes the disease)
The host (the living being that an agent or the environment influences.)
The environment (the setting or surrounding that sustains the host)
Number of new cases in the population at a specific time
Incidence:
Number of existing cases in the population at a specific time
Prevalence:
is the process of merging with or adopting the traits of a different culture.
Adapting to a new culture requires changes in daily living practices.
These changes relate to language, education, work, recreation, social experiences, and the health care system.
Acculturation
10 CULTURAL ASSESSMENT PARAMETERS
Ethnic background
Religious preferences
- Family structure
- Language and literacy needs
Communication needs
Education
- Cultural values
- Food patterns
- Health practices
- use of folk or spiritual healers and alternative healing techniques
- Manages WIC and CHIP
- Responsible for the administration of the Medicaid program.
Reports notifiable communicable diseases within the state to the CDC.
State health agencies
- Development and oversight of the state’s nurse practice act.
- Licensure of registered and licensed practical nurses.
State boards of nursing
Report notifiable communicable diseases to state departments of health.
local health department
Individuals must be:
older than 65 years and receiving Social Security
been receiving disability benefits for 2 years,
have amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and receive disability benefits
kidney failure and be on maintenance dialysis or had a kidney transplant
Medicare
provides health care coverage for individuals of low socioeconomic status and children, through the combined efforts of federal and state governments. Eligibility is based on household size and income, with priority given to children, pregnant women, and those who have a disability.
Medicaid
4 COMMUNITY ASSESSMENT COMPONENTS of People
Demographic: Distribution, mobility, density, census data
Biological factors: Health and disease status, genetics, race, age, gender, causes of death
Social factors: Occupation, activities, marital status, education, income, crime rates, recreation,
industry
Cultural factors: Ethnohistory, hierarchy and roles, language, religion and spirituality, values,
customs, norms
2 COMMUNITY ASSESSMENT COMPONENTS of place
Physical factors: Geography, terrain, type of community, location of health services, housing,
animal control
Environmental factors: Geography, climate, flora, fauna, topography, toxic substances, vectors,
pollutants
Direct discussion with community members for the purpose of obtaining ideas and opinions from key informants
Informant interviews
use of existing data (death, birth statistics; census data; mortality, morbidity data; health records;
minutes from meetings; prior health surveys) to assess problem
Secondary data
