EXAM UNIT 1 - Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Pericardium

Answer 1

covering over heart & proximal ends of vessels. reduces friction against lungs, etc.

Question 2

Fibrous layer of pericardium

Answer 2

outer layer of dense connective tissue. Along with parietal layer make up pericardial sac

Question 3

Parietal Layer of pericardium

Answer 3

Middle layer of pericardium. Along with Fibrous layer of heart make up pericardial sac

Question 4

Visceral Layer of pericardium

Answer 4

serous inner layer against the heart. (epicardium)

Question 5

Pericardial Cavity

Answer 5

Serous fluid-filled space between visceral & parietal layers.

Question 6

Pericarditis

Answer 6

Inflammation of the pericardium

Question 7

What happens in pericarditis?

Answer 7

Layers of the pericardium stick together due to bacterial or viral infection.

Question 8

Cardiac Wall Structure

Answer 8

Epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium

Question 9

Epicardium

Answer 9

(visceral pericardium) F: serous lubrication, energy (fat) storage

Question 10

Myocardium

Answer 10

Cardiac muscle tissue. F: Pump blood through chambers

Question 11

Endocardium

Answer 11

Connective & epithelium. F: Lining of all heart structures; decrease friction & infection. Also prevents all glucose and O2 traveling to myocardium.

Question 12

Endocarditis

Answer 12

a bacterial (usually streptococcus) infection of the endocardium

Question 13

Compromised flor to the myocardium results in…

Answer 13

Hypoxia or necrosis of the myocardium. treated w/coronary bypass surgery or placement of stents.

Question 14

If a pt has a mitral valve prolapse and sees the dentist..

Answer 14

patients have this when they need antibiotics prior to dental work to decrease chance of streptococcus from mouth entering blood and doing further damage.

Question 15

**How is fetal circulation different than postpartum circulation?

Answer 15

It’s different than in postpartum because ….

Question 16

Systole (ic)

Answer 16

contraction phase of the cardiac cycle that results in the ejection of blood into an adjacent chamber or vessel.

Question 17

Diastole (ic)

Answer 17

Is the part of the cardiac cycle when the heart refills with blood following systole (contraction)

Question 18

Cardiac Conduction System components

Answer 18

1. Sinoatrial node (SA node)
2. Atrioventricular node (AV node)
3. Atrioventricular bundle (AV bundle)
4. Purkinje Fibers

Question 19

Sinoatrial node

Answer 19

Initiate impulse. Impulses spread through both atrial myocardium

Question 20

Sinus rhythm

Answer 20

Normal heart beats controlled by the sinoatrial node.

Question 21

Atrioventricular node

Answer 21

Conduction pathway between both atrial and ventricular myocardium

Question 22

Atrioventricular bundle

Answer 22

Muscle fibers that conduct impulse toward ventricular myocardium. Divides into L & R branches

Question 23

Purkinje fibers

Answer 23

Deliver impulse to myocardial fibers

Question 24

Electrocardiogram

Answer 24

Is a test that checks for problems with the electrical activity of your heart. Measures in waves of P, QRS, & T.

Question 25

P Wave

Answer 25

Depolarization of atrial fibers (atrial systole (contraction)) on an ECG

Question 26

QRS complex

Answer 26

Depolarization of ventricular fibers (ventricular systole) on an ECG

Question 27

T Wave

Answer 27

Depolarization of ventricular fibers (ventricular diastole) on an ECG

Question 28

Arhythmia

Answer 28

Absence of normal cardiac rhythm

Question 29

Fibrillation

Answer 29

uncoordinated contraction of myocardium.

• A. Atrial: not fatal
• B. ventricular: fatal. Results in cardiac arrest.
• C. Flutter Rapid Conxn: rapid contraction of a single atrium

Question 30

Bradycardia

Answer 30

Abnormally slow beat

Question 31

Tachycardia

Answer 31

Abnormally fast beat. Atrial and Ventricular.

Question 32

Sudden Cardiac Arrest (SCA)

Answer 32

Failure to contract death within minute if not treated with AED