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Human Body in Health and Disease > Exam Two (Midterm) > Flashcards

Exam Two (Midterm) Flashcards

1
Q

What are muscles and glands?

A

Effectors

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2
Q

What is not an ISOTONIC contraction?

A

Pushing against a stationary wall

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3
Q

What is muscle tissue that has involuntary regulation of contraction?

A

Cardiac muscle and smooth muscle

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4
Q

What special sense is not fully functional at birth?

A

Vision

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5
Q

Damage to what causes loss of muscle coordination?

A

Cerebellum

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6
Q

What gland produces tears in the eyes?

A

Lacrimal glands

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7
Q

The function of the olfactory nerve concerns what?

A

Smell

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8
Q

What is the middle coat of the eyeball that contains pigment which prevents light from scattering in the eyeball?

A

Choroid

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9
Q

What do skeletal muscles need for contraction to occur?

A

Nerve stimulation

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10
Q

Aerobic glycolysis needs what to function?

A

Oxygen

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11
Q

What is the correct sequence from outermost to innermost layers of the meninges?

A

Dura meter
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

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12
Q

Fingers and toes are referred to as what?

A

Phalanges

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13
Q

What is the fibrous outermost tunic seen anteriorily as the “white of the eye”?

A

Sclera

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14
Q

What is not a primary taste sensation?

A

Pungent

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15
Q

What is a fracture that is common in osteoporotic bones?

A

Compression Fracture

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16
Q

What is the part of the brain that deals with the ability to speak?

A

Broca’s area

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17
Q

The Schwann cell forms a myelin sheath around what?

A

Axon

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18
Q

What muscle tissue has voluntary regulation of contraction?

A

Skeletal muscle only

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19
Q

What is the pigmented portion of the eye that has a rounded opening through which light passes?

A

Iris

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20
Q

Which nerve plexus serves the shoulder and arm?

A

Brachial

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21
Q

What are afferent nerves called?

A

Sensory nerves

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22
Q

What are motor nerves called?

A

Efferent nerves

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23
Q

An ear infection following an illness suck as a cold has passed from the throat through the auditory tube to what?

A

Middle ear

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24
Q

How many vertebrae are in the neck region?

A

Seven cervical

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25
Q

What is it called when the neuron processes that normally receive incoming stimuli?

A

Dendrites

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26
Q

What are the most important mineral stored in bones?

A

Calcium and phosporous

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27
Q

What is the lobe that contains the primary motor area that enables voluntary control of skeletal muscle movements?

A

Frontal lobe

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28
Q

When do the pupils dilate?

A

Low light

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29
Q

What is the gel-like substance that reinforces the eyeball and prevents it from collapsing inward?

A

Vitreous humor

30
Q

What kind of tissue is the forerunner of long bones in the embryo?

A

Hyaline cartilage

31
Q

Which of the nervous plexuses originates from ventral rami L1-L4?

A

Lumbar

32
Q

“Pinkeye” is caused by bacterial or viral irritation of what?

A

The conjunctiva

33
Q

Control of temperature, endocrine activity, metabolism, and thirst are functions associated with what?

A

Hypothalamus

34
Q

The function of yellow marrow in adults is what?

A

To store adipose tissue

35
Q

What effector is not directly controlled by the autonomic nervous system?

A

Skeletal muscle

36
Q

The term central nervous system refers to what?

A

Brain and spinal cord

37
Q

What type of membrane connects muscle to bone?

A

Tendon

38
Q

The inability see distant object is termed “nearsighted”, also called what?

A

Myopia

39
Q

A nerve cell and all the muscle cells that it stimulates are referred to as what?

A

A motor unit

40
Q

What is a characteristic of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Decreases heart rate

41
Q

The axon terminals of a nerve cell and the sarcolemma of a skeletal muscle cell join where?

A

At the neuromuscular junction

42
Q

What factors determine where bone matrix is to be remolded?

A

Stresses of gravity and muscle pull on the skeleton

43
Q

Bone formation can be referred to as what?

A

Ossification

44
Q

What bone fracture is broken into many segments?

A

Comminuted fracture

45
Q

What is the transparent central anterior portion of sclera through which light enters the eye?

A

Cornea

46
Q

Neurons in adults do not undergo what?

A

Mitosis

47
Q

What is the gap between two communicating neurons?

A

Synaptic cleft

48
Q

What is the ability to respond to a stimulus?

A

Irratibility

49
Q

What does the axial skeleton contain?

A

Skull, ribs and sternum, and vertabrae

50
Q

What is a fracture that is common in children, whose bones have relatively more collagen in their matrix and are more flexible than those of adults?

A

Greenstick fracture

51
Q

What is a compound fracture?

A

When the broken bone is exposed to the outside

52
Q

The vital centers for the control of visceral activities such as heart rate and breathing?

A

Medulla oblongata

53
Q

What structure of the eye focuses light on the retina?

A

Lens

54
Q

What prepares the body for the “fight-or-flight” response?

A

Sympathetic nervous system

55
Q

What is not a function of the muscular system?

A

Hematopoiesis

56
Q

Where are dynamic equilibrium receptors found?

A

Semicircular canals

57
Q

White matters refers to the myelinated fibers in what?

A

CNS

58
Q

What does the peripheral nervous system consist of?

A

The spinal and cranial nerves

59
Q

Where are the equilibrium receptors located?

A

Inner ear

60
Q

What is a bone-forming cell?

A

Osteoblasts

61
Q

What is the order of the parts through which light passes at it enters the eye?

A

Cornea
Aqueous humor
Lens
Vitreous humor

62
Q

Sound waves entering the external auditory canal hit the eardrum, also known as what?

A

Tympanic membrane

63
Q

Sensorineural deafness occurs when there is damage or degeneration of receptor cells of what?

A

Spiral organ of Corti or cochlear ear

64
Q

Which layer of the eye contains rods and cones?

A

Retina

65
Q

What is the correct sequence of the stages of bone fracture healing?

A

Hematoma formation
Fibrocartilage callus formation
Bony callus formation
Bone remodeling

66
Q

The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are subdivisions of what?

A

Autonomic nervous system

67
Q

The congenital condition of crossed eyes is also known as what?

A

Strabismus

68
Q

What is the substance that is released at axonal endings to propagate a nervous impulse?

A

A neurotransmitter

69
Q

What is the correct sequence in a typical reflex arc?

A 
Receptor
Afferent neuron
Integration center
Effector neuron
Effector
70
Q

The kneecap is known as what?

A

Patella

71
Q

The decreased lens elasticity associated with aging that makes it difficult to focus on near objects is known as what?

A

Presbyopia

Human Body in Health and Disease (2 decks)

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