Exam Two (Midterm) Flashcards
What are muscles and glands?
Effectors
What is not an ISOTONIC contraction?
Pushing against a stationary wall
What is muscle tissue that has involuntary regulation of contraction?
Cardiac muscle and smooth muscle
What special sense is not fully functional at birth?
Vision
Damage to what causes loss of muscle coordination?
Cerebellum
What gland produces tears in the eyes?
Lacrimal glands
The function of the olfactory nerve concerns what?
Smell
What is the middle coat of the eyeball that contains pigment which prevents light from scattering in the eyeball?
Choroid
What do skeletal muscles need for contraction to occur?
Nerve stimulation
Aerobic glycolysis needs what to function?
Oxygen
What is the correct sequence from outermost to innermost layers of the meninges?
Dura meter
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater
Fingers and toes are referred to as what?
Phalanges
What is the fibrous outermost tunic seen anteriorily as the “white of the eye”?
Sclera
What is not a primary taste sensation?
Pungent
What is a fracture that is common in osteoporotic bones?
Compression Fracture
What is the part of the brain that deals with the ability to speak?
Broca’s area
The Schwann cell forms a myelin sheath around what?
Axon
What muscle tissue has voluntary regulation of contraction?
Skeletal muscle only
What is the pigmented portion of the eye that has a rounded opening through which light passes?
Iris
Which nerve plexus serves the shoulder and arm?
Brachial
What are afferent nerves called?
Sensory nerves
What are motor nerves called?
Efferent nerves
An ear infection following an illness suck as a cold has passed from the throat through the auditory tube to what?
Middle ear
How many vertebrae are in the neck region?
Seven cervical
What is it called when the neuron processes that normally receive incoming stimuli?
Dendrites
What are the most important mineral stored in bones?
Calcium and phosporous
What is the lobe that contains the primary motor area that enables voluntary control of skeletal muscle movements?
Frontal lobe
When do the pupils dilate?
Low light
What is the gel-like substance that reinforces the eyeball and prevents it from collapsing inward?
Vitreous humor
What kind of tissue is the forerunner of long bones in the embryo?
Hyaline cartilage
Which of the nervous plexuses originates from ventral rami L1-L4?
Lumbar
“Pinkeye” is caused by bacterial or viral irritation of what?
The conjunctiva
Control of temperature, endocrine activity, metabolism, and thirst are functions associated with what?
Hypothalamus
The function of yellow marrow in adults is what?
To store adipose tissue
What effector is not directly controlled by the autonomic nervous system?
Skeletal muscle
The term central nervous system refers to what?
Brain and spinal cord
What type of membrane connects muscle to bone?
Tendon
The inability see distant object is termed “nearsighted”, also called what?
Myopia
A nerve cell and all the muscle cells that it stimulates are referred to as what?
A motor unit
What is a characteristic of the parasympathetic nervous system?
Decreases heart rate
The axon terminals of a nerve cell and the sarcolemma of a skeletal muscle cell join where?
At the neuromuscular junction
What factors determine where bone matrix is to be remolded?
Stresses of gravity and muscle pull on the skeleton
Bone formation can be referred to as what?
Ossification
What bone fracture is broken into many segments?
Comminuted fracture
What is the transparent central anterior portion of sclera through which light enters the eye?
Cornea
Neurons in adults do not undergo what?
Mitosis
What is the gap between two communicating neurons?
Synaptic cleft
What is the ability to respond to a stimulus?
Irratibility
What does the axial skeleton contain?
Skull, ribs and sternum, and vertabrae
What is a fracture that is common in children, whose bones have relatively more collagen in their matrix and are more flexible than those of adults?
Greenstick fracture
What is a compound fracture?
When the broken bone is exposed to the outside
The vital centers for the control of visceral activities such as heart rate and breathing?
Medulla oblongata
What structure of the eye focuses light on the retina?
Lens
What prepares the body for the “fight-or-flight” response?
Sympathetic nervous system
What is not a function of the muscular system?
Hematopoiesis
Where are dynamic equilibrium receptors found?
Semicircular canals
White matters refers to the myelinated fibers in what?
CNS
What does the peripheral nervous system consist of?
The spinal and cranial nerves
Where are the equilibrium receptors located?
Inner ear
What is a bone-forming cell?
Osteoblasts
What is the order of the parts through which light passes at it enters the eye?
Cornea
Aqueous humor
Lens
Vitreous humor
Sound waves entering the external auditory canal hit the eardrum, also known as what?
Tympanic membrane
Sensorineural deafness occurs when there is damage or degeneration of receptor cells of what?
Spiral organ of Corti or cochlear ear
Which layer of the eye contains rods and cones?
Retina
What is the correct sequence of the stages of bone fracture healing?
Hematoma formation
Fibrocartilage callus formation
Bony callus formation
Bone remodeling
The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are subdivisions of what?
Autonomic nervous system
The congenital condition of crossed eyes is also known as what?
Strabismus
What is the substance that is released at axonal endings to propagate a nervous impulse?
A neurotransmitter
What is the correct sequence in a typical reflex arc?
Receptor Afferent neuron Integration center Effector neuron Effector
The kneecap is known as what?
Patella
The decreased lens elasticity associated with aging that makes it difficult to focus on near objects is known as what?
Presbyopia
