Exam Two Flashcards
characteristics of master therapists
- voracious learners who draw heavily on accumulated experience
- aware their emotional health impacts their work
- emotionally receptive, valuing cognitive complexity and ambiguity
- possess strong relationship skills
- mentally healthy, mature, and attend to their own well being
- believe in the working alliance
characteristics of the therapeutic alliance
CARL ROGERS
- the emotional bonds that develop between P and C
- the shared understanding of what is to be done (tasks) and what is to be achieved (goals).
What the research says about the relationship between therapeutic alliance and therapy outcomes
overall effect size for the alliance on therapy outcomes is small to moderate, but the effect size varies considerably depending on a number of variables, including how the alliance is measured
CBT and MCT
- both emphasize theneed to tailor interventions to the unique needs and strengths of theindividual; MCT particularly emphasizes cultural influences thatcontribute to this uniqueness.
- both emphasize empowerment:CBT via an educational approach that teaches specific skills thatclients can take with them; MCT through its attention to culturalidentity as a source of strength.
- CBT focuses on consciousprocesses that can be easily articulated and assessed—an approachthat is well suited to people who speak English as a secondlanguage or who do not share the same cultural assumptions thatunderlie the European American concept of the unconscious.
- CBT integrates assessment throughout therapy, an action thatcommunicates respect for clients’ viewpoints regarding theirprogress; such demonstrations of respect are considered a core partof culturally responsive practice
- bothCBT and MCT call attention to naturally occurring strengths andsupports that can be used to facilitate change.
- CBT’s behavioral roots emphasize the influence of environment on be-havior, which fits well with MCT’s emphasis on cultural influ-ences.
central hypothesis on misdiagnosis
clinician’s misinterpretation of cultural mistrust as clinical paranoia leads to the misdiagnosis of schizophrenia
internet therapy
These results highlight the importance ofincluding motivational components in treatments and providingmultiple methods in which clients can seek to engage in treatmentsto suit various communication and interactive preferences.
-Similarly, comparative research trials have found that Internettherapy clients reported experiencing greater ease self-disclosing,deeper and smoother exchanges and equal or greater workingalliances with online therapists that were more positive as comparedto face-to-face therapy clients
REBT
rational emotive behavior therapy - change irrational thoughts
Neimeyer
externalizing language to separate joanne from her symptoms. empty chair (gestalt techniques)
SUPER EGO vs EGO vs ID
Super ego (societal) ; Ego (reality) ; ID (pleasure)
transference
unconsciously brings a maladaptive pattern of relating into the therapy
countertransference
therapists own issues get elicited during treatment
object relations theory
less id, more ego. self and separation/individuation.
therapy techniques: engaged therapist, encourage trust/support, “reparenting” and ego support
psychodynamic therapy efficacy reseasrch
archaic (outdated), elitist, unsubstantiated
self actualization
achieving one’s full potential and independence
phrenomenology
study of one’s own conscious, direct experience
humanistic therapy techniques
empathy, unconditional + regard, congruent feelings/actions matched, reflection
gestalt
problem etiology- whole is > sum of its parts
gestalt therapy
aims at enhancing clients’ self awareness in order to free them to grow in their own consciously guided ways
Techniques & goal: Role playing, focus on here & now, nonverbal behaviors, “empty chair”, games/defense, body sensations. Goal is to stop blaming and denying.
behavior therapists
rely on techniques designed to identify maladaptive behavior & change it. “Centrality of learning.”
operant conditioning
occurs when certain behaviors are strengthened or weakened by the rewards or punishments that follow those behaviors.
classical conditioning
occurs when a neutral stimulus (such as a musical tone) comes just before another stimulus (such as a pin-prick) that automatically triggers a reflexive response (such as a startle reaction).
Functional analysis/assessment
SORC - stimulus, organism, response, and consequence
PRT
involves tensing & then releasing various groups of muscles while focusing on the sensations of relaxation that follow.
system desensitatization
anxiety-related stimuli with relaxation. Reciprocal inhibition. Pair fear stimulus with relaxation.
Components: progressive relaxation, anxiety hierarchy, fear thermometer, pairing (relaxation & item), gradual progression.
reciprocal inhibition
can’t be anxious and relax at the same time. new response is learned based on cc paradigm.
aversion therapy
unpleasant stimuli with high probability undesired behavior.