Exam Two Flashcards

1
Q

first group/george washington has to set up

A

precedents

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2
Q

forming a cabinet

A

precedents

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3
Q

federal authority to enforce laws

A

precedents

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4
Q

farewell addresses

A

precedents

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5
Q

two term presidencies

A

precedents

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6
Q

ending acts/laws before the next president would come into power

A

precedents

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7
Q

senate discussing treaties without the president there

A

precedents

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8
Q

Thomas Jefferson, State

A

first cabinet

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9
Q

Alexander Hamilton, Treasury

A

first cabinet

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10
Q

Henry Knox, War

A

first cabinet

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11
Q

Edmund Randoph, Attorney General

A

first cabinet

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12
Q

Samuel Osgood, postmaster general

A

first cabinet

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13
Q

recommended by the president and confirmed by the Senate. If the president changes his mind, only the president can fire

A

first cabinet

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14
Q

Congress had to create the judicial system via a law.

A

judiciary act of 1789

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15
Q

two levels of federal courts (District and Supreme Court).

A

judiciary act of 1789

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16
Q

At that time they are six with John Jay being the first Chief Justice (now John Roberts). Jay does not know what his job is. It will take until the forth (John Marshall) to find out what the roles are.

A

judiciary act of 1789

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17
Q

Alexander Hamilton is going to gather every debt in the United States (from all the States) so any State that has an outstanding debt to a foreign government goes to the US. If you have already paid, we will forgive you on some taxes later.

A

funding and assumption

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18
Q

AH will also tell his friends (speculators) that he will get all the certificates of indebtedness paid at face value plus four percent to the person that physically holds the paper

A

funding and assumption

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19
Q

His friends start to gather the certificates that everyone else thinks are worthless (it has been a long time since they bought it). Hamilton thought it would be better for the economy for his friends to use the money on investments rather than day to day to day stuff that the farmers will buy.

A

funding and assumption

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20
Q

Pay all bills (including State bills).

A

funding and assumption

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21
Q

The Jefferson/Madison group hates this because they are ripping off the people that first paid for the bills.

A

funding and assumption

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22
Q

a deal was made so that the capital of the US was in the “middle” of the United States (Washington DC) and they wanted to make the sole role of the capital to be governing. Hamilton wanted in to be in New York, the most important city (financial center with government center).

A

funding and assumption

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23
Q

lasted from 1791-1811 and was in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

A

BUS

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24
Q

put money (land sales and tariffs), write checks, and create currency. He has to ask Congress for this.

A

BUS

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25
Q

Jeffersonians said there is not any place in the Constitution Article 1, Section 8 (“necessary and proper clause”) says Congress can do anything “” (this includes the draft) which Hamilton wanted to use.

A

BUS

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26
Q

only let it exist for 20 years, then Congress can decide if they want to extend it (they do not)

A

BUS

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27
Q

First Secretary of the Treasury.

A

Alexander Hamilton

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28
Q

Three major things are Funding and Assumption, BUS, and tariffs (and excise taxes).

A

Alexander Hamilton

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29
Q

Group (Federalists) pro-BUS, strong central government, elite (rich) rule, industry and (some) farming, pro-debt, flexible Constitution, pro-Britain, big navy.

A

Alexander Hamilton

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30
Q

House of Reps created excise taxes. States have their own. Hamilton wanted these to get more money to pay off bills and make roads and docks.

A

Whiskey Rebellion

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31
Q

Pennsylvania is good from growing wheat, barley, and rye, but farmers need to get product to market. Hamilton sets up a excise tax booth on the road to eastern Pennsylvania and the tax is born on March 3 1791.

A

Whiskey Rebellion

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32
Q

In 1794 farmers say taxes are not fair (They are fair, because they are represented) and they start to avoid the tax house

A

Whiskey Rebellion

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33
Q

Hamilton told Washington about this and he wanted him to go from capital in New York to Pennsylvania to stop this.

A

Whiskey Rebellion

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34
Q

People in Western Penn hear army coming and they change their mind and decide to pay the tax.

A

Whiskey Rebellion

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35
Q

George Washington defended the law that was legally passed. Sets precedent of federal authority to enforce laws that it passes (not just pass laws).First time they enforce law

A

Whiskey Rebellion

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36
Q

(“necessary and proper clause” or ‘elastic clause) says Congress can do anything “”

A

Article 1, Section 8

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37
Q

Used in McCulloch v Maryland

A

Article 1, Section 8

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38
Q

In the British Navy a lot of sailors would jump ship. Therefore you would be sailing without enough men.

A

Seizures and Impressment

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39
Q

They would steal the sailors from other countries and make them serve in the crew.

A

Seizures and Impressment

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40
Q

The US sent the first chief justice, John Jay, to London and wanted him to negotiate a treaty

A

Seizures and Impressment

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41
Q

It resulted in Jay’s Treaty in 1795.

A

Seizures and Impressment

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42
Q

In the 1796 election: John Adams (VP) vs Thomas Jefferson this was a major issue

A

Seizures and Impressment

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43
Q

The US sent the first chief justice, John Jay, to London and wanted him to negotiate a treaty to stop the seizing and impressment.

A

Jay’s Treaty

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44
Q

The British promise to pull out of Northwest (they don’t and Americans aren’t even sure they are there),

A

Jay’s Treaty

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45
Q

the US promised to pay debts to British citizens from the Revolution

A

Jay’s Treaty

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46
Q

Britain does not have to pay for freed slaves,

A

Jay’s Treaty

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47
Q

British get navigation of the Mississippi River (The Spanish own this),

A

Jay’s Treaty

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48
Q

and it re-establishes trade with Great Britain.

A

Jay’s Treaty

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49
Q

Impressment/Seizure was not mentioned (why he went to England).

A

Jay’s Treaty

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50
Q

It was a reaction to Jay’s Treaty by Spain (they did not want us to be friends with Britain).

A

Pinckney’s Treaty

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51
Q

We get free navigation of entire Mississippi, Right of Deposit at New Orleans,

A

Pinckney’s Treaty

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52
Q

31st parallel boundaries between US and Spanish North American,

A

Pinckney’s Treaty

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53
Q

and an accord between US and Spain regarding Native Americans (i.e. Chickasaw, Choctaw, and Osage). We keep each of the Indians on each other side to avoid war

A

Pinckney’s Treaty

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54
Q

Purpose: to prevent Democratic-Republicans from gaining power and winning 1800 election because historically, in a transition of power, the winners kill the losers and they are opposite on pretty much everything.

A

Alien and Sedition Acts

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55
Q

keep immigrants from voting (tend to vote D-R, extend from 5 to 14 years possibly until it is a one party government)

A

Alien and Sedition Acts

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56
Q

and fine/Imprison anyone guilty of sedition (can’t say anything critical of the federal government even if it is true or an opinion).

A

Alien and Sedition Acts

57
Q

This messes with the 1st Amendment. The Federalists targeted D-R publishers in particular.

A

Alien and Sedition Acts

58
Q

This has an ending date of March 1801, so it can’t be used against them and if they win they can just renew it.

A

Alien and Sedition Acts

59
Q

In Jefferson’s first term, he established

A

West Point

60
Q

Jefferson was sworn in in March, so Adams is worried about them undoing everything. Therefore, he created 16 new federal judge jobs and appointed 16 federalists judges (have to go through judicial to undo laws).

A

Marbury v Madison

61
Q

Madison is Secretary of State and on his desk was a pile of letters to go to the people that will become judges, but he refused to send them.

A

Marbury v Madison

62
Q

William Marbury wants his judge letter so it went through the courts.

A

Marbury v Madison

63
Q

Supreme Court said that they have the power to determine whether a law is constitutional.

A

Marbury v Madison

64
Q

judicial review.

A

Marbury v Madison

65
Q

Secretary of the Treasury under Jefferson’s first term.

A

Albert Gallatin

66
Q

He balanced the budget twice as well as helped to repeal Whiskey and excise taxes.

A

Albert Gallatin

67
Q

He had four terms (two under Madison) or 16 years and was very good.

A

Albert Gallatin

68
Q

“they are more Americans, they feel and act more as a Nation.

A

Albert Gallatin

69
Q

. It is 820,000 square miles, which doubles the size of the US.

A

Louisiana Purchase

70
Q

. Jefferson heard the Spanish were interested in selling Louisiana to the French and freaks because he does not want to lose the last little bit of the Mississippi (Pinckney gives us the Mississippi, but we might have to renegotiate). H

A

Louisiana Purchase

71
Q

He sends James Monroe off to Paris to ask Napoleon for the bootheel of Mississippi in order to trade and gives him 10 million dollars.

A

Louisiana Purchase

72
Q

Napoleon gives them the whole thing, but not West Florida (not the bootheel) for 15 million dollars to pay of his own war debts from his war with the British.

A

Louisiana Purchase

73
Q

Jefferson is mad they did not get West Florida and said “all in good time we will get West Florida” which is a precursor to Manifest Destiny.

A

Louisiana Purchase

74
Q

However, he does not know if he is allowed to buy the land. He is a strict interpretation guy that got mad about the bank.

A

Louisiana Purchase

75
Q

The President has the power to sign treaties and this is a treaty to buy Louisiana. Jefferson hates this, but he signs it.

A

Louisiana Purchase

76
Q

Later, he sends Lewis and Clark to see what is there and find the Northwest Passage.

A

Louisiana Purchase

77
Q

a trip from 1803 to 1806 to see what is in the Louisiana Purchase and find the Northwest Passage.

A

Lewis and Clark

78
Q

both very qualified and “naturalists”.

A

Lewis and Clark

79
Q

They will call their group of 40 men Corps of Discovery.

A

Lewis and Clark

80
Q

. They were also told to old to make good relations with every tribe, and record everything and send back drawings (or live/dead stuff).

A

Lewis and Clark

81
Q

This “war” was in 1805 in the Mediterranean.

A

Barbary Pirates

82
Q

It is the inspiration for the Marine Corps Hymn: from the halls of Montezuma (Mexico) to the shores of Tripoli (N Africa).

A

Barbary Pirates

83
Q

One ship that fought was USS Constitution or “Old Ironsides” (5% original, still maintained).

A

Barbary Pirates

84
Q

Pirates went after anybody who came into the area through the Straights of Gibraltar. If they bribed them, they were let go. They prevented people going to Italy, Spain, France, Greece, etc (cannot avoid). There was also the Dutch East Indies with items like spices and such. It got particularly bad from 1805 to 1816. (there were there before).

A

Barbary Pirates

85
Q

The Spanish and French and British also went through these parts. The war between the British and the French went from 1793 to 1815. From 1812 to 1815, there was a war between US and Britain. Neither side shot at each other when the were in the Pirate area even though they were at war, because they work together against the Pirates. Once you leave the Straights, they go back to war.

A

Barbary Pirates

86
Q

Both the British and the French continue to seize ships, cargo, and impress men (thousands). The war had become a stalemate. Brish has the Navy, but French controls Europe. The British came up ———which tell the Americans that they can trade with the French, but only if they come to Britain first and get inspected.

A

Orders in Council

87
Q

The Non-Intercouse Act promted the British merchants start writing the members of Parliament in 1812 saying they want to trade with the Americans. The British cancel —————–on June 16, 1812 (slow communication means we declare war on the 18th without knowing that they canceled it).

A

Orders in Council

88
Q

Both the British and the French continue to seize ships, cargo, and impress men (thousands). The war had become a stalemate. British has the Navy, but French controls Europe. The French create the —————-. This consists of the Berlin and Milan Decrees. It said that if Americans want to trade with Great Britain, they can, only if they come to France first and get inspected. Americans are usually not let go.

A

Continental System

89
Q

This was a battle between USS Chesapeake vs HMS Leopard on June 22, 1807.

A

Chesapeake Affair

90
Q

A few days before, the British ships were sailing off the coast of Virginia (they are not supposed to be there, just ports). When they took their shore leave, they went to taverns and met ladies. Sometimes, Americans and British went into the same taverns.

A

Chesapeake Affair

91
Q

In one of the taverns, some British were saying their Navy was better than our Navy. Then they saw a few people who had deserted and wanted them back. Both the Americans and British went back to their ships.

A

Chesapeake Affair

92
Q

On June, 22 Leopard saw Chesapeake sailing in international waters and they launched a cannonball near them and overhauled the American vessel in order to ask for their people back. When the Americans refuse, Leopard attacks Chesapeake and they had to surrender (it was smaller and weak). In total, 3 Americans die, 18 were wounded, and 4 were taken by the British.

A

Chesapeake Affair

93
Q

Jefferson demanded reparations. British paid a little bit in reparations (money goes to the families), but would not apologize (the four sailors were probably deserters anyway).

A

Chesapeake Affair

94
Q

Jefferson did not the Chesapeake Affair to happen again, so he had Congress pass

A

Embargo of 1807

95
Q

This is intended to keep Americans in home harbors and prevent them from trading with anybody. This way they will not get in trouble.

A

Embargo of 1807

96
Q

There is no telegraph, so he had to say that it would take effect a month or two later. If you are a merchant, you would leave and might not come back for a while because if you sail into the harbor, you can’t leave from there. Jefferson wanted them to do a little last-minute trading, but instead many just (who can they trade with?-> Almost Nobody).

A

Embargo of 1807

97
Q

Jefferson had an expiration date on March 1st 1809 (new election). He knows that he will follow the precedent of George Washington and not run again. The expiration date followed the precedent of Alien and Sedition Acts.

A

Embargo of 1807

98
Q

did not work, but did hurt us a lot economically (did not hurt French or British). Nobody brings goods back or to our harbor and there are fewer sailors on shore leave buying stuff (less customers).

A

Embargo of 1807

99
Q

In 1808 James Madison ran and won (he is buddies with Jefferson and had a lot of similar ideas). He knew we needed to replace the Embargo Act with something better to hurt French/British.

A

Non-Intercourse Act of 1809

100
Q

Due to this Eventually, in 1812, British merchants started writing the members of Parliament saying they want to trade with the Americans. The British cancel the Orders in Council on June 16, 1812 (slow communication means we declare war on the 18th without knowing that they canceled it)

A

Non-Intercourse Act of 1809

101
Q

Two major leaders (brothers) during the war with the Shawnee.

A

Tecumseh and the Prophet

102
Q

The Shawnee are superpowers with a good ability to fight and rank with Cherokee, Creek, French, and Americans. The brothers tried different methods to get rid of us.

A

Tecumseh and the Prophet

103
Q

—————— tried to convince Indians West of the Appalachian Mountains to get rid of all white and black people (both invaders). The ———– says that if we give up all white ways, the great spirit will come and make all the other people disappear. However, this means that you will have to get rid of your hunting/skinning metal knife, cooking pot, and the very thought of Jesus.

A

Tecumseh and the Prophet

104
Q

These were people that wanted war with England. They included Henry Clay and John C Calhoun (and others).

A

War Hawks

105
Q

They have a whole list of complaints including indian problems (don’t know importance of Tippecanoe), wanting to take Canada (minerals, goodies, and not British anymore), the seizures and Impressments that keep going on (their goods are on the ships, they lost money), and getting the British out of Chicago, St. Paul, etc.

A

War Hawks

106
Q

They say we have the advantage because they are fighting the French. They will not sent their best, we can beat them.

A

War Hawks

107
Q

The election of 1810 is a midterm election in which many more —– in House of Representatives. This is important because only the House can declare war. Madison sent a message on June 1st, 1812 wanting them to declare war against the British. He is mad about the Impressments, Seizures, Blockade of Coastline (Chesapeake), messing with trade, and messing with indians (want Shawnee to fight us).

A

War Hawks

108
Q

Another name for the war of 1812

A

Mr. Madison’s War

109
Q

This was around upper NY and was one of the most important battles ever.

A

Battle of Lake Champlain and Plattsburgh

110
Q

The british had just beaten Napoleon (for the first time) and sent down 10,000 war-hardened veterans from the war with the French under the command of General Prevost.

A

Battle of Lake Champlain and Plattsburgh

111
Q

The Officers were told to take over the a house on the shore and put the ammo in the shed.

A

Battle of Lake Champlain and Plattsburgh

112
Q

A Capt. Downey commands the Navy (very arrogant and will not listen to anybody). He wanted his new ships to go into the river and provide a fourth front. After the fort is defeated then they can go down the Hudson and find New York.

A

Battle of Lake Champlain and Plattsburgh

113
Q

The American Capt. is named Capt. Macdonough (becomes a hero). He is a great guy who read all of the books written by any military officer because he knows that all battles are old. He also read about Trifulger (spelling?) and other British wars.

A

Battle of Lake Champlain and Plattsburgh

114
Q

the men in the island fort can’t walk, and the other fort is not much better.

A

Battle of Lake Champlain and Plattsburgh

115
Q

four ships anchored inside of the path broadside so when Downey comes, they fight. All the ships were anchored only on one side, when they start to get hurt they turn 180* onto their new side with new cannons.

A

Battle of Lake Champlain and Plattsburgh

116
Q

Prevost and Downey agreed that when Downey fired his cannon, the land people would attack. Downey signals, but Prevost stays and finishes his tea. What nobody knew is that when he was exercising his right to fire the first shot he goes right behind the cannon gets hit by the recoil and dies.

A

Battle of Lake Champlain and Plattsburgh

117
Q

Another thing Prevost did not know is that the night before, the guys in the fort got across the river and blew up the shed with all the ammo.

A

Battle of Lake Champlain and Plattsburgh

118
Q

When his men move out, the ones with the shorter path take on little boys with pitchforks. They are trying to cross the rivers with ladders, but the boys manage to fend them off and only a few managed to cross. The long path with the Native American got lost and missed the battle.

A

Battle of Lake Champlain and Plattsburgh

119
Q

It is the most important naval battle because it leads to the British saying that we may have a chance. Both sides have been meeting in Ghent to discuss ending the war, but now suddenly the British have do what we want.

A

Battle of Lake Champlain and Plattsburgh

120
Q

This is what ends the War of 1812.

A

Treaty of Ghent

121
Q

The British were very confident and made high demands until the Battle of Lake Champlain/Plattsburgh. After that, the Americans were on top.

A

Treaty of Ghent

122
Q

The term that describes it is Status quo ante bellum which means things will be the same as before the war (of 1812). Seizures and Impressments end because the war with the French ended. All the reasons we went to war are gone.

A

Treaty of Ghent

123
Q

The main parts are the Second Bank of the United States, the Tariff of 1816 and Internal Improvements. A minor part is Military. We keep West Point, increase the size of the military (only 16 ships before) more ships, professional military (In old time, ‘professional” is in for life), and better forts for Indian vs Whites.

A

American System

124
Q

This was born in 1816 when Congress passes another charter. It was passed by D-R, who did not like the first one because it was not in the constitution.

A

2BUS

125
Q

The new D-Rs accept Article 1, Section 8 and have the same 20 year charter.

A

2BUS

126
Q

During the Embargo, then Non-Intercourse, then war of 1812 they had trade issues and people started to make things (group of like 8 guys). Then the British tried to undercut the Americans with low prices so the government tries to protect them.

A

Tariff of 1816

127
Q

D-R say they will cancel this if they need to.This encourages people to start a small business. D-R they hated this before, but now they see the evidence.

A

Tariff of 1816

128
Q

The guys that went from Niagara to Plattsburg showed that we needed to fix the infrastructure. The first priority is better roads.

A

Internal Improvements

129
Q

Roads were just a little wider than a one-horse wagon.There are stumps and rocks everywhere. The road had to follow where there were no stumps or rocks. The new form was a Macadamized road. These were Stone/Gravel roads that were pounded down are were just as good as concrete, will soak up all the rain

A

Internal Improvements

130
Q

The government also fixed harbors. They were built in in 1607, early 1600s. One major road built was the Cumberland Road (National Road) constructed from 1811 to 1819. It is now called Interstate 70 and went from St. Louis to Baltimore.

A

Internal Improvements

131
Q

UPHELD “implied powers” of the Constitution, used Article 1, Section 8, said that the second bank of the United States is Ok, and also established federal supremacy over state laws

A

McCullough v Maryland

132
Q

The result was Maryland cannot tax the Bank of United States.

A

McCullough v Maryland

133
Q

It was the First Document of American Foreign Policy. I

A

Monroe Doctrine

134
Q

It was written by John Quincy Adams (Secretary of State)

A

Monroe Doctrine

135
Q

It said that the Western Hemisphere may no longer by settled by europeans (only independent places can claim land, not colonies).

A

Monroe Doctrine

136
Q

US promised not to interfere with any European affairs (and they must not interfere in ours).

A

Monroe Doctrine

137
Q

The US is telling the Europeans that if they do come back to the Hemisphere we will treat everything they do as a personal threat and defend independent countries with our own military because if they are overthrown, the winners may come over to us.

A

Monroe Doctrine

138
Q

Three for art of compromise

A

Neutral, Bank, Funding/Assumption

139
Q

(3) major differences and (1-2-1)

A

Hamiltonians- pro-BUS, strong central government,the elite (rich) rule, mostly industry (some) farming, pro-debt, flexible Constitution, pro-Britain, big navy/military.
The three-flexible/non-flexible Constitution, pro/anti France/British, and pro/anti military

Constitution, Franco-American/Trade, Cut vs Create/Call in