Exam Two Flashcards
first group/george washington has to set up
precedents
forming a cabinet
precedents
federal authority to enforce laws
precedents
farewell addresses
precedents
two term presidencies
precedents
ending acts/laws before the next president would come into power
precedents
senate discussing treaties without the president there
precedents
Thomas Jefferson, State
first cabinet
Alexander Hamilton, Treasury
first cabinet
Henry Knox, War
first cabinet
Edmund Randoph, Attorney General
first cabinet
Samuel Osgood, postmaster general
first cabinet
recommended by the president and confirmed by the Senate. If the president changes his mind, only the president can fire
first cabinet
Congress had to create the judicial system via a law.
judiciary act of 1789
two levels of federal courts (District and Supreme Court).
judiciary act of 1789
At that time they are six with John Jay being the first Chief Justice (now John Roberts). Jay does not know what his job is. It will take until the forth (John Marshall) to find out what the roles are.
judiciary act of 1789
Alexander Hamilton is going to gather every debt in the United States (from all the States) so any State that has an outstanding debt to a foreign government goes to the US. If you have already paid, we will forgive you on some taxes later.
funding and assumption
AH will also tell his friends (speculators) that he will get all the certificates of indebtedness paid at face value plus four percent to the person that physically holds the paper
funding and assumption
His friends start to gather the certificates that everyone else thinks are worthless (it has been a long time since they bought it). Hamilton thought it would be better for the economy for his friends to use the money on investments rather than day to day to day stuff that the farmers will buy.
funding and assumption
Pay all bills (including State bills).
funding and assumption
The Jefferson/Madison group hates this because they are ripping off the people that first paid for the bills.
funding and assumption
a deal was made so that the capital of the US was in the “middle” of the United States (Washington DC) and they wanted to make the sole role of the capital to be governing. Hamilton wanted in to be in New York, the most important city (financial center with government center).
funding and assumption
lasted from 1791-1811 and was in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
BUS
put money (land sales and tariffs), write checks, and create currency. He has to ask Congress for this.
BUS
Jeffersonians said there is not any place in the Constitution Article 1, Section 8 (“necessary and proper clause”) says Congress can do anything “” (this includes the draft) which Hamilton wanted to use.
BUS
only let it exist for 20 years, then Congress can decide if they want to extend it (they do not)
BUS
First Secretary of the Treasury.
Alexander Hamilton
Three major things are Funding and Assumption, BUS, and tariffs (and excise taxes).
Alexander Hamilton
Group (Federalists) pro-BUS, strong central government, elite (rich) rule, industry and (some) farming, pro-debt, flexible Constitution, pro-Britain, big navy.
Alexander Hamilton
House of Reps created excise taxes. States have their own. Hamilton wanted these to get more money to pay off bills and make roads and docks.
Whiskey Rebellion
Pennsylvania is good from growing wheat, barley, and rye, but farmers need to get product to market. Hamilton sets up a excise tax booth on the road to eastern Pennsylvania and the tax is born on March 3 1791.
Whiskey Rebellion
In 1794 farmers say taxes are not fair (They are fair, because they are represented) and they start to avoid the tax house
Whiskey Rebellion
Hamilton told Washington about this and he wanted him to go from capital in New York to Pennsylvania to stop this.
Whiskey Rebellion
People in Western Penn hear army coming and they change their mind and decide to pay the tax.
Whiskey Rebellion
George Washington defended the law that was legally passed. Sets precedent of federal authority to enforce laws that it passes (not just pass laws).First time they enforce law
Whiskey Rebellion
(“necessary and proper clause” or ‘elastic clause) says Congress can do anything “”
Article 1, Section 8
Used in McCulloch v Maryland
Article 1, Section 8
In the British Navy a lot of sailors would jump ship. Therefore you would be sailing without enough men.
Seizures and Impressment
They would steal the sailors from other countries and make them serve in the crew.
Seizures and Impressment
The US sent the first chief justice, John Jay, to London and wanted him to negotiate a treaty
Seizures and Impressment
It resulted in Jay’s Treaty in 1795.
Seizures and Impressment
In the 1796 election: John Adams (VP) vs Thomas Jefferson this was a major issue
Seizures and Impressment
The US sent the first chief justice, John Jay, to London and wanted him to negotiate a treaty to stop the seizing and impressment.
Jay’s Treaty
The British promise to pull out of Northwest (they don’t and Americans aren’t even sure they are there),
Jay’s Treaty
the US promised to pay debts to British citizens from the Revolution
Jay’s Treaty
Britain does not have to pay for freed slaves,
Jay’s Treaty
British get navigation of the Mississippi River (The Spanish own this),
Jay’s Treaty
and it re-establishes trade with Great Britain.
Jay’s Treaty
Impressment/Seizure was not mentioned (why he went to England).
Jay’s Treaty
It was a reaction to Jay’s Treaty by Spain (they did not want us to be friends with Britain).
Pinckney’s Treaty
We get free navigation of entire Mississippi, Right of Deposit at New Orleans,
Pinckney’s Treaty
31st parallel boundaries between US and Spanish North American,
Pinckney’s Treaty
and an accord between US and Spain regarding Native Americans (i.e. Chickasaw, Choctaw, and Osage). We keep each of the Indians on each other side to avoid war
Pinckney’s Treaty
Purpose: to prevent Democratic-Republicans from gaining power and winning 1800 election because historically, in a transition of power, the winners kill the losers and they are opposite on pretty much everything.
Alien and Sedition Acts
keep immigrants from voting (tend to vote D-R, extend from 5 to 14 years possibly until it is a one party government)
Alien and Sedition Acts