Exam 1 (with review map questions) Flashcards
Why the founders of Massachusetts came
Glory of God
Why the founders of Virginia came
Glory of Gold
It has already been decided that you are going to heaven or hell. Your actions do not matter. Only 1% of people are going to go to heaven. The only reason to be good is to have 40-50 good years before you go to hell. John Calvin taught about this puritan belief.
Predestination
The second step (after baptism) to get into heaven.
Conversion Experience
Go to church, then study and try to learn all about the bible. Then take an oral exam. Those who had been baptized and had their own conversion experience ask questions. No limit on number of tries, but it is usually completed in one or two.
Conversion Experience
When you pass, you become a visible saint, have highers odds of going to heaven, and are considered a voting member of the church (if you are a man).
Conversion Experience
A deist. Said that we should apply reason to everything, even religious truth. Doesn’t care what people believe, as long as they thought it through (don’t have to believe what your parents did). Believed that we can better ourselves and that rational self-interest led to wealth and progress.
Benjamin Franklin
Worked on the Franco-American Alliance.
Benjamin Franklin
Founded Massachusetts along with the pilgrims.
Puritans
Wanted to purify the anglican church.
Puritans
Thought Jesus was going to be waiting for them on the beach.
Puritans
Economic system practiced by England where they export more things than they import (more $$ coming in rather than going out). It results in a favorable balance of trade (colonies give supplies to England who sells it back to colonies).
Mercantilism
The amount of stuff (gold and land) in the world is limited, so we must make lots of colonies to grab everything now.
Mercantilism
The royalty practiced this system because they wanted to secure their positions will low unemployment. To support this system, they created the navigation acts.
Mercantilism
These four acts were passed in 1651, 1660, and 1663.
Navigation Acts
They declared that anyone in a british colony could only buy British goods, that they are only allowed to sell to Britain, that the colonies may not manufacture certain things (like hats), and they regulate colonial manufacture (how much they were allowed to make.
Navigation Acts
The Virginia Company of London
Joint Stock Companies
The king owns all the colonies, but sends representatives (ex:William Penn) to oversee them. Dukes and Earls will go to the king and ask for grants of land in return for obeying all of the rules and accepting that the land is still his. Each extra person they bring is an extra 50 acres. Common people sign 5-7 year contracts to work the land and slaves are also brought to the new world and sold. Everyone (common people and slaves) that finished their contract got land, seeds, and tool.
Joint Stock Companies
Violators of the Sugar Act would be sent to _______. They were not innocent until proven guilty, they were guilty until proven innocent. They were tried by navy officers, not their peers.
Admiralty Courts
in October 1765, as a response to the four acts that Grenville passed in order to try to save money after the French and Indian War.
Stamp Act Congresss
The members formed a “committees of correspondence” and sent letters to the king. They said that they don’t hate the British, or mind the taxes, they just want actual representation. Only ⅓ of the colonists wanted revolution. They also resumed boycotts and activated the Sons of Liberty.
Stamp Act Congress
Tax collectors for the king live in a customs house in the middle of Boston Common. Colonists kept throwing ice balls at him, so British troops came to protect him. On March 5th, 1770, a shot rang out. The troops then started to shoot at the colonists. At least 11 people were hit and 5 were killed.
Boston Massacre
One who died was a mulatto, Crispus Attucks, who may have been killed out of hate or in an attempt to get the African-American population to rise up. The soldiers went to trial, defended by John Adams. 6 were found innocent and 2 were found guilty.
Boston Massacre
The Sons of Liberty formed a group and blew everything the British did out of proportion, trying to make headlines.
Boston Massacre
After the Boston Tea Party, the British passed _____ in the spring of 1774.
Coercive Acts
They were called the Intolerable Acts by the colonists.
Coercive Acts
There were four main Acts and one secondary one. Part of Boston was closed until the tea was paid for, the Massachusetts legislature was suspended, British officials were now only to be tried in England, and the quartering of troops moved into town. In the Quebec Act, the British decided that Canada may keep their French language, Catholic religion, laws, etc. The colonists were mad because they hate Catholics and hate the French law of guilty until proven innocent. The British passed the Act to avoid a revolution on two fronts, and leave Canada open to join the 13 colonies.
Coercive Acts
On April 18, 1775, the British left Boston to head down the road connecting_______ in order to destroy a cache of weapons in _______
Lexington and Concord
General Thomas Gage was in charge of the British redcoats and he was told to take 700 British soldiers through the road (15 miles). Their primary mission is to get the weapons in Concord, secondary mission is capturing Sam Adams and John Hancock.
Lexington and Concord
Patriots had been warned about the troops, so minutemen lined up across the road in Lexington, because they want to protect the weapons in _______. They were trying to give people time to move the weapons somewhere else. On April 19, 1775 a shot rang out in _______. There were about 12 killed and 10 wounded. The Minutemen scatter and the British march on to ______. They did not find any weapons and headed back to Boston. However, patriots (men and women and kids armed with pitchforks, rocks, etc) have hidden along both sides of the road and kept harassing the troops. The British ran from ______back to Boston.
Lexington and Concord
The new government under the Articles of Confederation passed the _________ in 1787.
Northwest Ordinance
established how the new areas will become territories, then states. Once there is 5,000 adult white men, you can become a territory and Congress will provide a governor, a secretary, and a judicial system with three judges. Once you get 60,000 souls, you can become a state.
Northwest Ordinance
He was worried youth were not being converted, so he inspired circuit riders that would go around and yell at people to prompt conversion experiences (either kind). He supported the Great Awakening.
Johnathan Edwards
The battle of ______ was on Oct 17,1777. It was along the Hudson in NY.General John Burgoyne was in charge of the British (with General How) and he came down from Canada and mixed up his signals. It was a big mess in favor of the colonies. The colonists beat him and his 1000s of soldiers.
Saratoga
and was a turning point in the war as it inspired the French to come on our side and declare war on England.
Saratoga
wrote Principles of Natural Philosophy (1687) which explained movements of planets around sun. It said that natural laws govern the universe and are mathematically precise and man can understand those laws through reason. The universe is harmonious and rational, not chaotic. God made the universe like that. God is the master mechanic or clockmaker. The universe is there to make us happy and we don’t need a bible to understand that. He was a deist.
Sir Isaac Newton
He wrote the Essay on Human Understanding 1690, which explained impact of environment and experience on human behavior.
John Locke
Unlike the Puritans, he believed that children are born as complete blanks (all born equal). Therefore, upbringing is important and children become bad because of the way they are taught. We need the ability to reason, so we can govern our own passions through reason. Children would learn through experimentation.
John Locke
He also wrote Treatises on Government (1690), which said that men originally lived in a state of nature with no need for nature. They later formed government to protect “natural rights” (life, liberty, and property, i.e. land). Governments are voluntary contracts/agreements to protect natural rights. The authority of rulers comes from the people that are ruled, therefore people have the right of revolution.
John Locke
He was in charge of the finances of England from 1712 to 1770 and passed four laws to help England either not lose money, or get money.
George Grenville
the Proclamation of 1763 (Proclamation Line), which told colonists they cannot move west of the proclamation line, the Sugar Act of 1764, which was a direct tax on sugar/wine/coffee, the Stamp Act of 1765, which included taxes on documents, and the Quartering Act of May 1765, which said that colonists must provide bedding, candles, beer, rum or cider, vinegar, fire, quarters, and salt to troops.
George Grenville
reject Bible’s authority. It is not a religion (more of a philosophy). Some of its tenets are that God=clockmaker, the world ran according to the laws of nature, God doesn’t intervene in people’s lives, and that the Bible is a guide to correct living (not read literally). Notable______include Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, and Newton.
Deism
Because the second generation of Puritans did not work as hard as their parents, they were unable to have a true conversion experience, which meant that none of the generations from then on would be able to have one. A compromise was the
Halfway Covenant
people without a conversion experience spout their genuine belief (supported by community members that knew them) and that was good enough to join the church and vote.
Halfway Covenant
