Exam 1 (with review map questions) Flashcards
1
Q
Why the founders of Massachusetts came
A
Glory of God
2
Q
Why the founders of Virginia came
A
Glory of Gold
3
Q
It has already been decided that you are going to heaven or hell. Your actions do not matter. Only 1% of people are going to go to heaven. The only reason to be good is to have 40-50 good years before you go to hell. John Calvin taught about this puritan belief.
A
Predestination
4
Q
The second step (after baptism) to get into heaven.
A
Conversion Experience
5
Q
Go to church, then study and try to learn all about the bible. Then take an oral exam. Those who had been baptized and had their own conversion experience ask questions. No limit on number of tries, but it is usually completed in one or two.
A
Conversion Experience
6
Q
When you pass, you become a visible saint, have highers odds of going to heaven, and are considered a voting member of the church (if you are a man).
A
Conversion Experience
7
Q
A deist. Said that we should apply reason to everything, even religious truth. Doesn’t care what people believe, as long as they thought it through (don’t have to believe what your parents did). Believed that we can better ourselves and that rational self-interest led to wealth and progress.
A
Benjamin Franklin
8
Q
Worked on the Franco-American Alliance.
A
Benjamin Franklin
9
Q
Founded Massachusetts along with the pilgrims.
A
Puritans
10
Q
Wanted to purify the anglican church.
A
Puritans
11
Q
Thought Jesus was going to be waiting for them on the beach.
A
Puritans
12
Q
Economic system practiced by England where they export more things than they import (more $$ coming in rather than going out). It results in a favorable balance of trade (colonies give supplies to England who sells it back to colonies).
A
Mercantilism
13
Q
The amount of stuff (gold and land) in the world is limited, so we must make lots of colonies to grab everything now.
A
Mercantilism
14
Q
The royalty practiced this system because they wanted to secure their positions will low unemployment. To support this system, they created the navigation acts.
A
Mercantilism
15
Q
These four acts were passed in 1651, 1660, and 1663.
A
Navigation Acts
16
Q
They declared that anyone in a british colony could only buy British goods, that they are only allowed to sell to Britain, that the colonies may not manufacture certain things (like hats), and they regulate colonial manufacture (how much they were allowed to make.
A
Navigation Acts
17
Q
The Virginia Company of London
A
Joint Stock Companies
18
Q
The king owns all the colonies, but sends representatives (ex:William Penn) to oversee them. Dukes and Earls will go to the king and ask for grants of land in return for obeying all of the rules and accepting that the land is still his. Each extra person they bring is an extra 50 acres. Common people sign 5-7 year contracts to work the land and slaves are also brought to the new world and sold. Everyone (common people and slaves) that finished their contract got land, seeds, and tool.
A
Joint Stock Companies
19
Q
Violators of the Sugar Act would be sent to _______. They were not innocent until proven guilty, they were guilty until proven innocent. They were tried by navy officers, not their peers.
A
Admiralty Courts
20
Q
in October 1765, as a response to the four acts that Grenville passed in order to try to save money after the French and Indian War.
A
Stamp Act Congresss
21
Q
The members formed a “committees of correspondence” and sent letters to the king. They said that they don’t hate the British, or mind the taxes, they just want actual representation. Only ⅓ of the colonists wanted revolution. They also resumed boycotts and activated the Sons of Liberty.
A
Stamp Act Congress
22
Q
Tax collectors for the king live in a customs house in the middle of Boston Common. Colonists kept throwing ice balls at him, so British troops came to protect him. On March 5th, 1770, a shot rang out. The troops then started to shoot at the colonists. At least 11 people were hit and 5 were killed.
A
Boston Massacre
23
Q
One who died was a mulatto, Crispus Attucks, who may have been killed out of hate or in an attempt to get the African-American population to rise up. The soldiers went to trial, defended by John Adams. 6 were found innocent and 2 were found guilty.
A
Boston Massacre
24
Q
The Sons of Liberty formed a group and blew everything the British did out of proportion, trying to make headlines.
A
Boston Massacre
25
After the Boston Tea Party, the British passed _____ in the spring of 1774.
Coercive Acts
26
They were called the Intolerable Acts by the colonists.
Coercive Acts
27
There were four main Acts and one secondary one. Part of Boston was closed until the tea was paid for, the Massachusetts legislature was suspended, British officials were now only to be tried in England, and the quartering of troops moved into town. In the Quebec Act, the British decided that Canada may keep their French language, Catholic religion, laws, etc. The colonists were mad because they hate Catholics and hate the French law of guilty until proven innocent. The British passed the Act to avoid a revolution on two fronts, and leave Canada open to join the 13 colonies.
Coercive Acts
28
On April 18, 1775, the British left Boston to head down the road connecting_______ in order to destroy a cache of weapons in _______
Lexington and Concord
29
General Thomas Gage was in charge of the British redcoats and he was told to take 700 British soldiers through the road (15 miles). Their primary mission is to get the weapons in Concord, secondary mission is capturing Sam Adams and John Hancock.
Lexington and Concord
30
Patriots had been warned about the troops, so minutemen lined up across the road in Lexington, because they want to protect the weapons in _______. They were trying to give people time to move the weapons somewhere else. On April 19, 1775 a shot rang out in _______. There were about 12 killed and 10 wounded. The Minutemen scatter and the British march on to ______. They did not find any weapons and headed back to Boston. However, patriots (men and women and kids armed with pitchforks, rocks, etc) have hidden along both sides of the road and kept harassing the troops. The British ran from ______back to Boston.
Lexington and Concord
31
The new government under the Articles of Confederation passed the _________ in 1787.
Northwest Ordinance
32
established how the new areas will become territories, then states. Once there is 5,000 adult white men, you can become a territory and Congress will provide a governor, a secretary, and a judicial system with three judges. Once you get 60,000 souls, you can become a state.
Northwest Ordinance
33
He was worried youth were not being converted, so he inspired circuit riders that would go around and yell at people to prompt conversion experiences (either kind). He supported the Great Awakening.
Johnathan Edwards
34
The battle of ______ was on Oct 17,1777. It was along the Hudson in NY.General John Burgoyne was in charge of the British (with General How) and he came down from Canada and mixed up his signals. It was a big mess in favor of the colonies. The colonists beat him and his 1000s of soldiers.
Saratoga
35
and was a turning point in the war as it inspired the French to come on our side and declare war on England.
Saratoga
36
wrote Principles of Natural Philosophy (1687) which explained movements of planets around sun. It said that natural laws govern the universe and are mathematically precise and man can understand those laws through reason. The universe is harmonious and rational, not chaotic. God made the universe like that. God is the master mechanic or clockmaker. The universe is there to make us happy and we don’t need a bible to understand that. He was a deist.
Sir Isaac Newton
37
He wrote the Essay on Human Understanding 1690, which explained impact of environment and experience on human behavior.
John Locke
38
Unlike the Puritans, he believed that children are born as complete blanks (all born equal). Therefore, upbringing is important and children become bad because of the way they are taught. We need the ability to reason, so we can govern our own passions through reason. Children would learn through experimentation.
John Locke
39
He also wrote Treatises on Government (1690), which said that men originally lived in a state of nature with no need for nature. They later formed government to protect “natural rights” (life, liberty, and property, i.e. land). Governments are voluntary contracts/agreements to protect natural rights. The authority of rulers comes from the people that are ruled, therefore people have the right of revolution.
John Locke
40
He was in charge of the finances of England from 1712 to 1770 and passed four laws to help England either not lose money, or get money.
George Grenville
41
the Proclamation of 1763 (Proclamation Line), which told colonists they cannot move west of the proclamation line, the Sugar Act of 1764, which was a direct tax on sugar/wine/coffee, the Stamp Act of 1765, which included taxes on documents, and the Quartering Act of May 1765, which said that colonists must provide bedding, candles, beer, rum or cider, vinegar, fire, quarters, and salt to troops.
George Grenville
42
reject Bible’s authority. It is not a religion (more of a philosophy). Some of its tenets are that God=clockmaker, the world ran according to the laws of nature, God doesn't intervene in people's lives, and that the Bible is a guide to correct living (not read literally). Notable______include Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, and Newton.
Deism
43
Because the second generation of Puritans did not work as hard as their parents, they were unable to have a true conversion experience, which meant that none of the generations from then on would be able to have one. A compromise was the
Halfway Covenant
44
people without a conversion experience spout their genuine belief (supported by community members that knew them) and that was good enough to join the church and vote.
Halfway Covenant
45
one of the four Acts passed by George Grenville. It was an indirect tax that told colonists where they could live. This was the first time they told us where to live. If you move West, there may be trouble with the Native Americans and may promt war that the British would be pressured to get involved in (which costs money). Also, the beaver and buffalo and other furred animals would be hunted and killed, so there would not be any more furs and pelts for the British to trade (keep animal population up). The purpose of this was to make and save money. DATE
Proclamation of 1763
46
Also called the Age of Reason.
Enlightenment
47
It was based on belief in the power of man’s reason, and competed with faith in the power of God. It held that people have the ability to think and reason.
Enlightenment
48
People who believed in this were usually wealthy and educated. The thought that God was not all powerful and people were not helpless. Humans are reasonable (do not need a bible or minister). It has roots in England and France, due to the constant wars based on small religious differences. It held that we can control our own lives.
Enlightenment
49
During this time, there were scientific discoveries like the flow of blood from the heart (William Harvey). Isaac Newton also wrote Principles of Natural Philosophy and Locke wrote Essay on Human Understanding and Treatises on Government.
Enlightenment
50
This was a series of religious revivals from about 1734 to the 1770s. Jonathan Edwards was a major player.
Great Awakening
51
Its goal was to revive a God-centered view of the world and revive predestination and the necessity of conversion experiences. Its supporters thought that there was a problem with colonies losing touch with God.
Great Awakening
52
It has three major impacts on religion: Revivalism, Religious Pluralisms, and Common Experience.
Great Awakening
53
Its supporters were the poor majority of colonists. It believed that man’s reason were worthless. It mainly found support in the lower classes. It held that man had no free will.
Great Awakening
54
It was a bicameral system. The House of Representatives meant that the ⅗ Compromise had to be created. It had three branches of government.
Constitution
55
This group was founded at the Stamp Act Congress in 1765. They are kinda terrorists. They wanted to overthrow the four tax acts, and did so by finding the person who was going to be the stamp seller and tar and feathering them. They believe that they should overthrow any government that exceeds its authority (includes virtual representation). They may have been founded by Sam Adams. They blew everything the British did out of proportion after the Boston Massacre.
Sons of Liberty
56
This occurred in 1772. ______ (British warship) was patrolling looking for smugglers (the British would oar themselves over to houses with smoke coming out of the chimney and take all the food and the women). Because of the dangerous New England currents, _____ran aground. Colonists came out and burned _____ (seeking revenge). British captain and authorities investigate, but colonists covered everything up and said they did not see anything. Nobody could be arrested.
Gaspee Affair
57
The British get revenge on this with the Tea Act.
Gaspee Affair
58
A part of the Coercive Act (1774).
Quebec Act
59
It said that Canada may keep French language, Catholic religion, laws, etc. The colonists hate Catholics and hate French law of guilty until proven innocent. This means that people can go back to bring French. This allows England to avoid a revolution on two fronts (prevent them from joining the revolution) and leaves Canada open to join the 13 colonies.
Quebec Act
60
At the end of the Revolutionary War, the US and British sign the DATE
Treaty of Paris 1783
61
The US gets freedom and recognition that they are a free and independent nation. The borders are decided to be Canada, the Mississippi River, the 32nd parallel, and the Atlantic. This leaves the US with no access to the Gulf of Mexico. British troops take some time to leave, however. DATE
Treaty of Paris (1783)
62
These are the first ten Amendments.
Bill of Rights
63
They include various things that make the overthrowing of government possible, including speech, religion, press, assembly, petition, and bearing arms, as well as a trial by jury of your peers.
Bill of Rights
64
He is an original revolutionary. He accused the British that the real reason they were staying in the colonies was because they feared rebellion, not to protect us from Indians and French.
Sam Adams
65
He may have started the Sons of Liberty. He helped blow everything the British did out of proportion after the Boston Massacre.
Sam Adams
66
When the British were heading to Concord to find the weapons, a secondary objective was to capture him.
Sam Adams
67
A concept created by Locke, who said that men used to live in a state of nature and government was only created to protect them. If they do not, people have the right of revolution.
Natural Rights
68
He wrote Common Sense (1776), which urged the colonies to part with England. In 2/3 months he sold 100 thousand copies. Not everybody can read so people would gather together in groups to read Common Sense. It spreads through word of mouth.
Thomas Paine
69
Thomas Jefferson was the main writer
Declaration of Independence
70
Some of its tenets were that All Men Are Created Equal and have the right of Life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. It is based on the right of revolution, and used a lot of Locke’s ideas. It said that we were endowed by our creator with certain unalienable rights (Locke’s natural rights). Governments are created to protect rights, by the people, who have the right to alter/abolish the government and create a new one (Locke’s contract theory).
Declaration of Independence
71
When it was first formed, people decided that whatever they write, they must make sure that the origin of government is in the people. It also listed the misdeeds of the King.
Declaration of Independence
72
It was signed on July 8, 1776.
Declaration of Independence
73
one of the four acts passed by George Grenville to try and save money. It was a direct tax on sugar, wine, coffee, etc. There was a tax even if you bought from British colonies. Colonists needed sugar for preservatives, so they could not avoid the taxes. More British ships started to patrol for smugglers. If caught, it was guilty until proven innocent. There was no jury trial (get Vice Admiralty Court instead -navy court) Aka Admiralty Courts. This prompts us to form jury and innocent until proven guilty later.
Sugar Act
74
This was the first time the British had a tax for the purpose of simply raising money. Colonies taxed themselves, but we never had British taxes
Sugar Act
75
People had problems with the lack of salary from their service, and didn't want to move to Ohio. People were being sent a property tax bill during their time of service and can’t pay the tax bill. They stormed a federal arsenal. It was decided that we need to “clip the wings of a mad democracy”.
Shays' Rebellion
76
This prompted the creation of the Constitution.
Shays' Rebellion
77
one of the four acts passed by George Grenville to try and save money. It would become effective 11/1765 (nov 1). It was based on taxes on documents (receipts, marriage license, death certificates), dice, newspapers, almanacs, cards, etc.Violators were sent to the Admiralty Courts, where they were guilty until proven innocent and tried by navy officers. It was a direct tax that the colonists could not avoid and was intended to raise money to pay off the 7 years war.
Stamp Act
78
one of the four acts passed by George Grenville to try and save money. It provided support for troops in North America. Colonists must provide bedding, candles, beer, rum or cider, vinegar, fire, quarters, and salt to soldiers. It was an indirect tax. People that did not like the British provided crappy items and accommodations and vice versa. It was a very large burden (subsistence farmers are given three men to take care of and feed).
Quartering Act
79
The system used in the colonies. New York passes laws only for New York.
Actual Representation
80
The system used in England. Members of Parliament “represent” the whole empire.
Virtual Representation
81
After the Stamp Act Congress, England cancels the Stamp Act, and passes the __________instead
Declaratory Act
82
. It says we are the main/mother country/parliament and the colonists should do what they say.
Declaratory Act
83
Another word for Coercive Act
Intolerable Acts
84
British East India company was not making enough money so they were given an exclusive contract that included sales to the colonies. On November 1773 East India ships arrived in Boston Harbor. On December 16, 1773 fifty members of the “”Mohawk Nation’’’ (Sons of Liberty) threw over 45 tons of tea into the harbor. On April 1, 1774 the same thing happened in New York with another ship from East India.
Boston Tea Party
85
This is the first government (peacetime).
Articles of Confederation
86
It was drawn up in 1777 and became effective on 1781 (surrender of Cornwallis).
Articles of Confederation
87
. It was based on a unicameral legislature, where each state got one vote (all states are equal).
Articles of Confederation
88
. The powers of the Congress included the ability to make war, make peace, establish a post office, coin money, establish weights and measures, treat with the Indians, and control western lands. They cannot tax.
Articles of Confederation
89
Only thing they will succeed at is controlling western lands via the Northwest Ordinance. It is a complete failure
Articles of Confederation
90
in favor of the Constitution. They liked a strong central government. They included James Madison, Hamilton, Jefferson, Washington, and Franklin.
Federalists
91
After the battle of Saratoga, the French commit to the________on February 6, 1778.
Franco-American alliance
92
The French promised guns, money, and ships to the colonies (as well as troops). If the war went on the the colonies win and the French have taken over a certain area, the French say they will give back any property. If they win and the British invade again, the French promise to come back and help maintain US independence
Franco-American alliance
93
Form of government made up of one legislative house (ex: Articles of Confederation).
Unicameral
94
Form of government made up of two legislative houses (ex: Constitution).
Bicameral
95
List the states that the MO River runs through-7
Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa, South Dakota, North Dakota, Montana
96
List the states to the W of the Mississippi-5
Louisiana, Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa, Minnesota
97
List the states to the E of the Mississippi-5
Mississippi, Tennessee, Kentucky, Illinois, Wisconsin
98
List the states that border the Pacific Ocean-3
California, Oregon, Washington
99
List the states that border the Gulf of Mexico (5)
Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida
100
List the states that border the Atlantic Ocean (14)
Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Maine
101
What oceans are Alaska and Hawaii in?
Pacific Ocean
102
What are the five American Territories and locations?
Guam-Under Japan, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands-Under Japan, American Samoa-Right of Australia/South of Equator, United States Virgin Islands-Caribbean, Puerto Rico-Caribbean
103
What are the states around Missouri? (8)
Iowa, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska
104
What states border Mexico? (4)
California, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas
105
What states border the 49th parallel? (5)
Washington, Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, Minnesota
106
What states border Canada to the East of the Great Lakes? (4)
New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, Maine
107
What states are part of the 100th Meridian? (6)
North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas
108
What are the four causes and the dates?
French-American War (1763), Sugar Act (1764), Coercive/Quebec Act (1774), and Battle of Lexington (1775)
109
What are the two dates for the Glory question?
1607 (Jamestown), 1620 (Mass)
110
Do what you wanted as long as it did not interfere with doing everything the best.
Puritans
