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Abnormal Psych > Exam two > Flashcards

Exam two Flashcards

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1
Q

Selye recognized what about stress?

A
  • (was used as a term by engineers) He took the word and used it to describe the difficulties and strains experienced by living organisms as they struggled to cope with and adapt to changing environmental conditions
  • -stress could occur not only in negative situations but also positive situations (ex: wedding)
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2
Q

According to your textbook, which of the following is most stressful to people and animals?

A

Uncontrollable stressors/unpredictable stressors rather than those of equal magnitude but are predictable/controllable

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3
Q

Which of the following terms refers to efforts to deal with stress?

A

coping strategies

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4
Q

A main symptom of PTSD in DSM-5 is what?

A
  • re-experiencing of traumatic events

- stress

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5
Q

Healthy psychological and physical functioning after potentially traumatic event is called what?

A

-resilience

after experiencing a traumatic event some individuals will function well and will have no symptoms after

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6
Q

What is the term for the procedure that aims to make a patient more aware of such things as their heart rate, level of muscle tension. or blood pressure?

A

-biofeedback: connects patients to monitoring equiptment overtime patients become more consciously aware of internal responses and can modify them

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7
Q

Cortisol prepares the body for what?

A
  • it prepares the body for fight or flight
  • cortisol is activated when stressed. If not turned off it damages our immune system
  • -( escape has priority over healing..cortisol inhibits the immune response)
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8
Q

Gradual exposure to feared cues is likely to cause what?

A
  • Their fears will subside??
  • They learn it is not as frightening as they thought
  • -participant modeling: therapist models and interacts with stimulus to show patient is is not scary
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9
Q

Martin is afraid to fly. He knows his boss wants him to take a trip for the business. Martin feels miserable, because he wants to keep his job but cannot even imagine getting on a plane. The most likely diagnosis for Martin is?

A

–specific phobia, situation type:

(shows strong and persistent fear triggered by presence of specific object/situation and causes distress/impairment in functioning)

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10
Q

Cognitive approaches to social phobia focus on?

A

-challenging automatic thoughts

–therapists help to change clients inner thoughts and beliefs through reanalysis

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11
Q

Harold’s panic attacks have become so sever that he has finally sought treatment. He sees a psychiatrist who writes Harold a prescription that should offer him some immediate relief. Which of the following drugs is Harold most likely to have been prescribed?

A

–benzodiozepines

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12
Q

Mrs. B tells her psychologist, “I cannot leave a certain region around my home without having terrible fears. I am terribly worried when I am in a car or bus. I am afraid I will have another one of those terrifying experiences.” What disorder does Mrs. B probably have and what experience is she talking about?

A

– disorder is agoraphobia and the experience is panic attack

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13
Q

Amber feels anxious almost all the time. She finds herself worrying that her husband will leave her (although he has never shown any indication that he would), that she chose the wrong job, that her children might not be safe at their school, and that she might get sick and leave her family in financial ruin. She calls her husband almost everyday to find out when he will be home. She complains to her physician that she is always tired but cannot sleep or relax. Amber’s most likely diagnosis is?

A

–generalized anxiety disorder

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14
Q

Anxiety disorders exist in what cultures?

A

-??

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15
Q

Most people with obsessive-compulsive disorder experience what symptoms?

A

–Persistent/distressing thought and acts that interfere with everyday activities

–they must experience BOTH obsessions and compulsions

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16
Q

Jessica spends much of her day counting or saying certain words to herself. When she is not doing this, she is checking whether she left her doors unlocked. These symptoms illustrate what component or components of OCD

A

-compulsions

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17
Q

What are the two key moods involved in mood disorders?

A
  • -mania: intense unrealistic feelings of excitement and euphoria
  • -depression: feelings of sadness
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18
Q

Two months after her husband’s death, Connie was still not herself. She often forgot to feed the dog, was late for work on a regular basis, and had not yet thrown out his clothes. Which of the following diagnoses could apply to Connie according to the DSM-5?

A

–??

19
Q

How does persistent depressive disorder compare to major depressive disorder?

A

-Persistent: is made if symptoms persist for a least 2 years. They are persistently depressed for most of the day for almost everyday

–MDD: person must be in a major depressive episode and never had a manic, hypomanic, or mixed episode. Feel sad/depressed and goes on for 2 weeks and is impairing overall functioning

20
Q

A recurrent depressive episode

A

–is proceeded by one or more previous episodes.

-A single (initial) episode is a first timer

21
Q

The fact that bright light may be an effective treatment for seasonal affective disorder suggests that

A

-This form of depressions is produced by malfunctioning biological clocks that need resetting

22
Q

The main difference between a manic episode and a hypomanic episode is

A

-the amount of social and occupational impairment (severity)

  • -manic: unusual, elevated mood). Can cause impairment and can lasts for 1 week
  • -hypomanic: more depression (lasts 4 days not psychotic features. not severe enough to cause impairment
23
Q

According to the textbook, which of the following are warning signs for suicide?

A

when you see or hear, say, or see any of these behaviors:

  • someone threatening to hurt or kill themselves
  • someone looking for ways to kill themselves: seeking access to pills, weapons, or other means
  • someone talking or writing about death, dying, or suicide
  • hopelessness
  • rage, anger, seeking revenge
  • feeling trapped
  • increasing alcohol or drug use
  • depression or anxiety
  • no reason for living
24
Q

What are the risk factors of suicide?

A
  • family member attempts that have a biological/genetic contribution
  • neurobiology: low serotonin and impulsivity
  • psychological disorders
  • stressful life events
  • past suicidal behavior
  • alcohol and druge abuse
25
Q

Consciously faking symptoms is characteristic of what diagnosis?

A

-malingering

26
Q

Conditions involving physical complaints or disabilities occurring in the absence of any physical pathology that could account for them are

A

-somatic disorders: nothing is physically wrong with individual. They experience body/physical pain but nothing is wrong physically with them

27
Q

Why has the term “multiple personality disorder” been replaced with “dissociative identity disorder”?

A
  • Changed the name bc we all present diff. faces depending on what we are doing
  • -they still have same personality under dissociation it is just a variant of another time in thier life
  • -It is another piece of who they are (ex: kid goes by childhood nickname)
  • -their identity protects them and acts as a barrier to the stressful events in their life going on. (defense mechanism of trauma)
  • -safe place to go and not deal with all other stuff going on
28
Q

When it comes to the effectiveness of treatment for dissociative disorders, we know what about medication management strategies?

A

-we know very little. It is impossible to know the effectiveness of treatment

29
Q

Munchausen’s syndrome by proxy is a variant of which of the following disorders?

A

-Fatitious disorder : person seeking medical help has intentionally produced a medical illness in another person

–Person intentionally produces psychological/physical symptoms to play the “sick” role

30
Q

How can you improve your ability to handle stress?

A
  • -have higher levels of optimism
  • -greater psychological control
  • -increased self-esteem
  • -better social support
31
Q

Stress affects our health how?

A

–elevated heart disease, breaks down our immune system

32
Q

Resilience is linked to what?

A

Being older, well educated, positive person, self-confidence

33
Q

One way to deal with stress is through emotional disclosure treatment which does what?

A

–opening up/writing about life probelms

catharisis–releasing emotions

34
Q

Expalin social phobia

A

Fears of one/more specific social situations (ex:public speaking, eating in public)

35
Q

explain panic disorder?

A
  • -occurance of painic attacks that come out of the blue and out of no where (unexpected and not provoked)
  • -indiviuals are always worried about having another one
  • -cause impairment in everyday life functioning
36
Q

explain agoraphobia:

A

-fear of open gathering place (fear and avoid situations as streets, crowded places, shopping malls, theaters, stores etc)

37
Q

explain generalized anxiety disorder:

A

state of anxiety and uncertainty about the future

  • -excessive worry about a lot of different events
  • -have more negative thoughts
38
Q

explain OCD:

A
  • -obsessions: persistant and reoccurant thoughts, images, impulses that are experienced as inappropriate or uncontrolled
  • -compulsions: involve repetitive behavior performed as rutuals (ex: hand washing)

–GOAL: prevent or reduce some dreaded event/stimulus

39
Q

explain MDD: Major depressive disorder

A
  • -ONLY major depressive episodes occur

- -experience loss of energy, too little/too much sleep, decreased appetitite

40
Q

Explain illness disorder: (a somatic disorder)

A

anxiety about having or developing a serious illness (no somatic symptoms)

41
Q

What is the difference between fatitious and malingering?

A

–fatitious: person recieves no external reward

–malingering: is intentionally producing/exaggerating his or her symptoms for motivation for external incentives (ex: avoiding work)

42
Q

Explain dissociative disorder:

A

–a disruption in normal aspects of psychological functioning (normal functions: memory, identity, motor control etc)

43
Q

difference between somatic and dissociative disorder:

A

somatic: physical (body) symptoms that cause distress
dissociative: “being out of it” and unusual memory deficits

Abnormal Psych (4 decks)

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