Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Community Corrections > Exam Two > Flashcards

Exam Two Flashcards

1
Q

What is behavioural analysis

A

Interview of a client using motivational interviewing techniques, focus on attitudes, values, beliefs about the offence and law abiding behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is case conceptualisation

A

Focus on triggers and patterns. What pattern is seen in offending? What triggers the offending?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Are the behaviour analysis and case conceptualisation with or without the offender

A

Behaviour analysis: with offender

Case conceptualisation: without offender

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are external and internal triggers?

A

External: your environment

Internal: low self esteem mental tings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the assessment and re-assessment tests for adults and juveniles?

A

Level of service inventory (LSI-R) for adults

Youth assessment screening instrument (YASI) for juveniles

Reassess periodically to see if risk level is decreasing or increasing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are static and dynamic factors

A

Static factors: factors about the individual that cannot be changed eg family history, prior criminal history. Going to drive up risk scores and cannot do anything about it

Dynamic factors: factors that can be changed by tx and/or rehabilitation. Focus on attitudes, values and beliefs eg drug abuse or anger management

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are protective factors

A

Strengths that buffer against the individuals risk eg education, support groups. Employment education pro social activities and supportive family

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the smart action steps

A 
Specific 
Measurable 
Attainable 
Realistic 
Timely
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the levels of supervision

A

Minimum: little to no contact (every six months) and no programs (can be both for adults and juveniles), no programs because they could be influenced by mod-high risk offenders. Paper reporting - Mail on form or kiosks

Moderate: contact w officers at least monthly

Maximum: bi weekly contact w officers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a collateral contact?

A

Agencies, families and employers (ask others if the probationer is going to come to programs or work w them to find best assistance for client)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the factors of a LSI R

A

54 items
Assigns numerical value to each question
If answer yes one point if no two points
Can assign risk levels this accurately predict future offending behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a oras

A

An Ohio risk assessment system

First comprehensive assessment in the public domain that can be used in pre trial during community supervision and can be used for assessment of the re entry process into prison

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a field contact

A

Most time consuming but most valuable face to face contact.
Officer visits offenders home or place of work to monitor progress
Field vista are scheduled through mapping software known as geographic information software to track offenders and make sure officers are safe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Can probation officers conduct warrant less searches

A

Yes if they have reasonable suspicion of criminal activity. U.S. Supreme Court holds that individuals have diminished expectations of privacy while on parole.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the four levels of supervision, their monthly meeting requirements and caseload caps?

A

Maximum - 4 visits per month- 40 cases cap

High - 2 visits per month- 80 caseload cap

Standard - 1 visit per month- 250 caseload cap

Administrative - 0 visits per month- no cap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the eight principles of effective correctional intervention

A
  1. Be intensive, occupying 40%-70%
  2. Contain cognitive behavioural components to prepare the mind for behavioural change
  3. Match program level w client altitudes according to gender, age, cultural background and risk level so that higher risk clients make greater strides
  4. Offer positive reinforcements that exceed punishments by a ratio by 4:1
  5. Require minimum education and experience levels for staff
  6. Teach clients to replace criminal networks w pro social ones
  7. Provide relapse prevention and aftercare
  8. Evaluate the program and assess its compliance to the previous seven principles using the correctional program assessment inventory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is cognitive behavioural therapy

A

A therapeutic intervention for helping a person to change that is a blend of two types of therapies - cognitive therapy of the mind and behavioural change of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the six examples of cognitive behavioural therapy for offenders

A

Moral reconation therapy

Reasoning and rehabilitation

Thinking for a change

Strategies for self improvement and change

Relapse prevention therapy

Aggression replacement training

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is moral reconation therapy

A

1985
32 hour cbt program
Develop positive identity and higher stages of moral reasoning by giving testimonies
Group therapy
Based on theory that people with moral reasoning are less likely to commit crimes
Reduced recidivism by 2/3 in 6-12 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is reasoning and rehabilitation

A 
Mid 1980s
70 hour programs or 35 2 hour sessions 
Cognitive problem solving 
Self control 
Critical reasoning 
Values enhancement 
Emotional control 
Victim awareness
21
Q

What is thinking for change or t4c

A

Mid 1990s
22 one to two hour lessons
Cognitive restructuring program in which offenders examine their attitudes, beliefs, and thinking patterns so they can consider the consequences of their actions. Change sought through social skills and problem solving techniques and two sessions per week

22
Q

What is strategies for self improvement and change

A

Year long program for adult substance abuse engaged in long term community treatment program. Thoughts and behaviour patterns linked to substance abuse looked at

23
Q

What is relapse prevention therapy

A

Used after intensive residence treatment, good aftercare program to use after ssc. Good for relapse prevention of any obsessive thoughts and or compulsive or habitual behaviour

2000

Focus on coping skills

24
Q

What is aggression replacement training

A

Youth and adult offenders w anger management problems

Mid 1990s

30 hour program uses cbt to recognise and appropriately handle anger

25
Q

What are chronos

A

A chronological account of detailed notes written by a probation or parole officer and organised by date, about any client contact and/or case information that becomes a permanent part of the offenders case file

26
Q

What are the characteristics of female offenders

A

Have not completed high school
Lack skills for employment making above minimum wage
Women primary caretakers of dependent children
3/4 women in CJS have dependent children
Living below poverty line w lil means and opportunities

27
Q

What are factors leading to early pathways of criminality in females

A

Abuse as child and adult
Sexual or physical or emotional
Abuse from male partners
Submissive and dependent role in relationships
Low self esteem and mental state unstable

28
Q

What is the ratio between males and females on probation

A

Makes 3:1 females

29
Q

What is the interstate compact

A

An agreement signed by all the U.S. States and territories that allows the supervision of probationers and parolees across state lines.

30
Q

When was Interstate Compact established and when was it ratified by all states

A

Established in 25 states in 1937

Ratified in all states in 1951

Interstate compact for juveniles establish in 1955

31
Q

How much offenders are being supervised currently by interstate compact and for what crimes mainly

A

115,000

  1. Drugs
  2. Property
  3. Assault or robbery
32
Q

What is the sending and receiving state

Sending is where the crime and sentencing occurred

Receiving state is where the community supervision is undertaken

A

Sending state is the state whe

33
Q

What is the eligibility for interstate compact

A

Offender is already a resident of the receiving state

Offender desired to live w relatives who are willing in receiving state

Offender or member of immediate family received an employment transfer

Relocation or transfer due to military orders

34
Q

Factors of interstate compact

A

Discretionary and approved on a case by case basis

Can move at start of probation or middle as long as there is 90. Days left and only due to special circumstances

7 out of 10 transfer requests approved

Receiving state is doing courtesy supervision

Updates sending state on quarterly basis on progress

One third of all interstate offenders incurred at least one reportable violation each year

Most reportable violations are if an offender has a large number of technical violations it can be absconding from supervision or new arrest or conviction

35
Q

Factors of revocation and extradition

A

Sending state retains ultimate authority to modify the conditions of probations to revoke it or terminate it. Violator may be incarcerated in reviving state at expense of sending state until transfer (retaking)
Sending state expected to pick up and transport their own probationer back to original jurisdiction to face court or parole board.
Sending state must retake all violent offenders. Discretion w non violent offenders

36
Q

What is intensive supervision and specialised caseloads

A

ISP is a form of supervision that subjects offenders to closer surveillance, more conditions to follow, and more treatment exposure than that to which regular probationers and parolees are subjected. Usually smaller caseloads to keep tighter control over offender.

Purpose was to deter offenders form violations but only allowed officers to significantly identify more specific violations and minor technical violations

37
Q

What were the changed applied to ISP

A

High risk offenders were chosen for close supervision with intensive cognitive behavioural treatment to significantly lower recidivism

Change was treated as a process, and offenders were allowed a certain degree of noncompliance to compete the program

Direct contact with an offender in the form of personal visits and phone contact increased the changes of program completion

38
Q

What are specialised case loads

A

Use of specialised caseloads means that a supervising officer becomes an expert in working with a particular sub population of offenders based on a particular criminogenic need or type of offence.

39
Q

What drugs are most likely tied to criminal behaviour

A

Crack cocaine and heroin

40
Q

What are the obstacles that probation and parole officers face in the supervision of offenders with substance abuse problems

A

Assigning quality drug treatment programs to trained staff

Ability to refer clients to a community based program (due to lack of space availability)

Limited ability to keep clients in mandatory treatment

Relapse after intensive treatment ends (events, thought patterns or stressful situations can trigger substance use)

41
Q

What is treatment retention model

A

Model recommend that drug treatment begun for offenders while they are incarcerated and that when they are released from prison, a cognitive behavioural relapse prevention program retains offenders in treatment throughout the re-entry and parole period.

42
Q

What are drug courts

A

A diversion program for drug addicts in which a judge, prosecutor and probation officer okay proactive roles and monitor the progress of clients through weekly visits to a courtroom using a process of graduated sanctions

Prosecutor, defence, judges and probation officer monitor the progress of each client for one year via court hearings every 2-4 weeks for a year

43
Q

When was the first drug court

A

1988

Dade County Florida

44
Q

What are the assumptions of drug courts

A

Outpatient treatment interventions with first time offenders or low level offenders were more likely to curb future drug use than administering community sanctions without treatment

Sooner intervention occurs after arrest, the less time an offender will spend in jail possibly affected by drug users

45
Q

How many drug courts are there

A

2000 adult

500 juvenile

46
Q

What is the eligibility for drug courts

A

For non violent offenders with at least a moderate substance abuse problem

Misdemeanants or felons.
Voluntarily agree to participate in court
Substance abuse assessment determines eligibility also

47
Q

What are the four phases of drug court

A

One: intensive, either full time inpatient or 12 hour out patient treatment per week. Detoxification through acupuncture, group/individual counselling, drug testing. Move to next phases when client ready and as a reward

Rest of the four stages are just a tapered down version of one until four which leads to graduation.

48
Q

What are the rates for drug courts

A

37% to 50% reduced recidivism

Most effective for non violent adult offenders w moderate addictions

49
Q

What are therapeutic communities

A

Residential community facilities specifically targeted to drug addict and alcoholic offenders and/or drug addicts amendable to treatment

Better suited to poly drug addictions (addicted to more than one drug for an extensive period of time)

Community Corrections (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions