Exam Two Flashcards
collections of people with a common purpose
small groups
how are small groups classified?
structure and purpose
group that offers members affection and belonging (close, intimate, shared history)
primary group
groups created to serve a purpose/do a job
task-oriented group
type of task-oriented group, participants help one another/support for an issue
participant-driven
type of task-oriented group, provide information and awareness on a topic for people
information-presentation
type of task-oriented group, come to a consensus on a given issue
decision-making
type of task-oriented group, ex. sports, writing workshops
skill-building
how the group structures itself to achieve its goals
group dynamics
what are group dynamics driven by
norms, roles, ranks, controls
rules that govern the behavior of group members
norms
specific tasks and responsibilities of each member
roles
hierarchical structure of the group, formal or informal
ranks
rewards and punishments, or behavioral consequences group members face
controls
what are the five stages of group development?
forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning
first meeting, polite small talk, roles are negotiated
forming
conflict, opinions emerge, deviation from goal, members feel loss of identity
storming
willing to work together, productivity increases, appreciate other members
norming
group begins to reach goal, highest efficiency, meet objective, evaluate performance
performing
group departs from task as a result of success or failure, reflect on experience and apply knowledge to future
adjourning
binds members together as they accept membership and duties
group cohesion
conflict emerges causing deterioration or dissolution
group breakdown
when voices are suppressed, think as one, no longer get an opinion
groupthink
groups operate as systems, set of interacting components
systems theory
styles of leadership
authoritarian, democratic, laissez-faire
style of leadership, maintains control (dictator)
authoritarian
style of leadership, allows everyone to have input, all opinions matter
democratic
style of leadership, hands off, let members do what they want
laissez-faire
seven forms of power
coercive, reward, referent, legitimate, expert, informational, connectional
any communication that occurs between members of an organization
organizational communication
subordinate to boss communication, lower to higher
upward communication
boss to subordinate communication, higher to lower
downward communication
equal to equal colleague communication, same rank
horizontal communication
informal, less structured communication between equals
grapevine/water cooler
components interact with each other but also with the environment outside of the system
open system
predetermined guidelines for an organization to ensure system runs smoothly in the face of external realities
policies/protocols
statements that tell how an organization operates, its goals, expected outcomes
policies
detailed methods used in achieving outcomes set in policies
protocols
roles, rules, ranks, and controls that make an organization run
bureaucracy
theory of how to maximize productivity, through authority, specialization, and rules
Max Weber’s Theory of Bureaucracy
way that coworkers see you
work identity
product of employee’s interactions, often communicated by leaders
organizational climate
pattern of shared basic assumptions or inferences that members learn from an organization’s stories and everyday experiences
organizational culture
learning behavior from others
socialization
information about one’s job
task socialization
specifics about one’s work team
work group socialization
learning about organization’s values, goals, beliefs, rules,etc
organizational socialization
process where individuals become integrated into the culture of an organization
organizational assimilation
stage of organizational assimilation, before going to the organization, what life has taught you about work
anticipatory stage
stage of organizational assimilation, start of job, when roles, norms, ranks, and controls are set, help others assimilate
organizational entry and assimilation stage
stage of organizational assimilation, leaving the job for another
disengagement and exit stage
happens between mass media and their public audiences
mass communication
how does mass communication differ from interpersonal?
designed for more people, unalterable, not personal, feedback is indirect and inferential
how are mass communication and interpersonal the same?
symbolic, ambiguous, take place in specific context environments
define culture, value, traditions, narratives, etc.
media messages
what does mass media do to our realities?
define them
consumers have no preference for how they get their media
platform agnostic
consumers typically engage in multiple mediums simultaneously
media multitaskers
consumers are unable to function without their media
media addiction
what five things is media shaped by?
concentration of ownership, hyper-commercialism, fragmentation, globalization, convergence
few corporate owners own most of media
concentration of ownership
bombardment of ads in media, product placement, large amount of commercial content in media
hyper-commercialism
media is segmented to reach particular audience
fragmentation
world becomes smaller because of media
globalization
invading/influencing other countries through mass media
cultural imperialism
erosion of traditional distinctions among media
convergence
type of hyper-commercialism, content around a brand
brand entertainment
type of hyper-commercialism, placing ads in non-traditional locations
ambient advertisement
type of hyper-commercialism, multiple companies selling one product
synergy
what are the theories of mass communication?
brief description of each
cultivation theory (TV-cruel world), social cognitive theory (Bobo), critical cultural theory (power), social responsibility theory (TV must serve people)
ability to read, interpret, critically assess, and productively use media texts
media literacy
content from communication, any media you are engaging in
media text
understanding media impact on consumer
media literate
why are children not media literate?
brains are not fully developed, do not have critical thinking skills
- there exists the potential for mass media messages to negatively affect the people who consume them
- media literacy protects people from negative effects by giving them greater control over the influence
- one is not born media literate, skills develop
- media literacy is multi-dimensional
four common themes in media literacy writing
efforts to build media literacy skills
media literacy intervention
when parents and their children watch media together, restricting media, talking about the messages of media
parental mediation
acknowledging and rejecting media’s influence on eating and body image disturbance
body image mediation
reflecting on media shows higher levels of empathy and a greater inclination towards altruism
reflection on media content
reflection closes gap between identifying with fictional characters and emulating them in real life
don quixote effect
core concepts of media literacy
media messages are manufactured, commercial media is a business, media contain value messages
media may not tell us what to think, but what to think about
agenda setting theory
three steps to analyzing media messages
audience and authorship, messages and meanings, representations and realities
what it is to be media literate
engage media with critical eye/intentionally, use critical thinking skills, make choices about media
computer mediated communication (CMC)
social media
how does social media impact people?
alters the way we deal with each other, allows us information and insight we might not get otherwise
people born in the 1990s and after, have never lived without the Internet
digital natives
giving away privacy in exchange for content and connection
privacy and the Internet
using personal consumer data for commercial purposes
privacy infringement
how much time you spend online, 40-80 hours
internet addiction
depression caused by spending a lot of time on social media
internet depression
unable to focus for long periods of time, deny downtime, impatience
distraction due to the internet
have the need to belong and the need for self-presentation
SNS and identity
intrinsic drive to affiliate with others and gain acceptance
belonging
impression management
self-presentation
how do people interact on social media?
not how they would in person
tending to display your idealized personality on social media
idealized virtual identity hypothesis
people use social media to present their real personality
extended real-life hypothesis
types of social media users
advanced users, debaters, socializers, lurkers, sporadics
social cues exist on social media
social information processing theory
damaged self of well-being, less satisfied with own life due to social media use
facebook envy
popular people get more popular on social media
rich get richer (social enhancement) hypothesis
not popular people get more popular on social media
poor get richer (social compensation) hypothesis
study of interpersonal and mediated communication to inform and influence individuals and their health decisions
health communication
deaths that could have been prevented if there was earlier health intervention
amenable morality
ability to obtain, process, and understand health information to make decisions
health literacy
distance between provider and client that causes reluctance to speak up
power distance
relationship in which physicians are experts who diagnose and fix problems
machine and mechanics
doctor is dominate and all knowing, client is submissive
child-parent
doctor asks perspective, talks to patient, makes plans
dialogue
physically assisting support
action-facilitating support
empathizing and helping others feel better
nurturing support
similar people who talk to and support each other, connect on personal level
support group
something going wrong due to communication breakdown
adverse events
portrayals of health on TV can skew realities
entertainment mass media
imagined diseases that spread by people talking about them
communicated diseases
people who compulsively search for health info online
cybercondriacs
way to promote good health
health communication campaigns
