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Childhood Behavioral Disorders > Exam Two > Flashcards

Exam Two Flashcards

1
Q

Three interrelated anxiety response systems

A

Physical: flight or flight
Cognitive: attentional shift and hyper vigilance, nervousness, difficulty concentrating
Behavioral: aggression or avoidance

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2
Q

Rituals and repetitive activity

A

Young children attempting to gain control and master of their environment

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3
Q

Specific phobia (prevalence)

A

Extreme disabling fear to object or situations that pose little to no danger
Prevalence: 2 to 4% of children

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4
Q

Social anxiety disorder (comorbidity)

A

Marked, persistent fear of being the focus of attention, or doing something humiliating
Comorbidity: selective mutism

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5
Q

Separation anxiety disorder (prevalence & onset)

A

Age inappropriate, excessive anxiety about being apart from parents or away from home
Prevalence: 10% of children (most common disorder of childhood)
Onset: earliest

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6
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder (prevalence & onset)

A

Excessive, uncontrollable anxiety and worry about numerous events and activities, occurring more days than not
Prevalence: 3 to 6% of children
Onset: late childhood or early adolescence

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7
Q

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

A

Persistent, frightening thoughts that occur after undergoing a traumatic experience

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8
Q

Three core features of PTSD

A

Re-experiencing the event
Avoidance and numbing
Arousal

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9
Q

Obsessive-Compulsive disorder (prevalence)

A

Repeated, intrusive, irrational, and anxiety causing thoughts, accompanied by ritualized behaviors to relieve the anxiety
Prevalence: 2 to 3% of children

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10
Q

Anxiety disorders: biological influences

A

Neurotransmitters: GABA, serotonin, CRH produce a disposition to become anxious
Limbic system

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11
Q

Anxiety disorders: psychological influences

A

Intrusive parenting, excessive control, anxious parents modeling fearful behavior
Insecure early attachments

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12
Q

Anxiety disorders: interventions

A

Behavior therapy: exposure to feared stimulus
Cognitive - behavioral therapy

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13
Q

Euphoria

A

Exaggerated sense of well-being

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14
Q

Mania

A

Abnormally elevated or expansive mood

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15
Q

Anhedonia

A

Lose interest in all activities

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16
Q

Dysphoria

A

Prolonged bouts of sadness

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17
Q

Anaclitic depression

A

Infants raised in emotionally cold, institutional environments
Weeping, withdrawal, apathy, weight loss, sleep disturbance

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18
Q

Major depressive disorder (prevalence)

A

Requires presence of major depressive disorder:
- depressed/irritable
- anhedonia
- weight change/sleep issues
- fatigue or loss of energy
- difficulty concentrating
- suicide thoughts
2 to 8% of children 4 to 18 years old

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19
Q

Major depressive disorder (comorbidity)

A

Anxiety disorders
Persistent depressive disorder
Conduct problems/ADHD
Substance abuse

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20
Q

Major depressive disorder (developmental course)

A

Onset is around 14 to 15
No gender difference until puberty, after girls are 2 to 3 times more likely

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21
Q

Persistent depressive disorder (prevalence, onset, and comorbidity)

A

Less severe, but more chronic than MDD
1% in children, 5% in teens
Comorbidity: MDD
Common age of onset is 11 to 12

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22
Q

Mood disorders: genetics and family risk

A

Heritability ranging from 30 to 45%
Vulnerability to negative affect

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23
Q

Mood disorders: neurochemistry/brain functioning

A

Dysregulation of neuroendocrine
Role of neurotransmitters

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24
Q

Mood disorders: cognitive factors

A

Back errors in thinking
Negative cognitive triad

25
Q

Mood disorders: psychological influences

A

Peer relations
Families of children with depression

26
Q

Mood disorders: treatments

A

Cognitive-behavior therapy
Antidepressants
Prevention

27
Q

Bipolar disorder

A

Depression alternating with abnormally persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood

28
Q

Bipolar disorder: treatment

A

Education about illness
Medication (usually lithium)
Psychotherapeutic interventions

29
Q

Antisocial behavior

A

Relatively normal among children
More common among boys

30
Q

Oppositional defiant disorder

A

Age-inappropriate stubborn, hostile, disobedient, and defiant behavior

31
Q

Conduct disorder

A

Repetitive and persistent pattern of violating basic rights of others and/or age appropriate societal norms or rules

32
Q

Conduct problems: psychological perspectives

A

Delinquent-aggressive
Overt-covert
Destructive-nondestructive

33
Q

Conduct problems: prevalence

A

1 to 15% Oppositional defiant disorder
2 to 10% Conduct disorder

34
Q

Conduct problems: earliest sign

A

Difficult temperament in infancy

35
Q

Conduct problems: childhood onset

A

At least one symptom before age 10
Most likely to be boys
More aggressive symptoms
Disproportionate among of illegal activity
Persist in antisocial behavior

36
Q

Conduct problems: adolescent onset

A

No difference in gender
Not as severe
Less likely to persist/commit violent offenses

37
Q

Coercion Theory

A

Through escape conditioning, child learns to use increasingly intense forms of anxious behavior to avoid unwanted parental demands

38
Q

Hostile attribution bias

A

Underestimate our own aggression, overestimate other’s aggression

39
Q

Conduct problems: biological influences

A

Deficits in executive and verbal functions

40
Q

Conduct problems: treatment

A

Parent management training
Cognitive problem solving skills
Multi systemic

41
Q

Inattention

A

Repetitive, structured, less enjoyable tasks
Making careless mistake
Fails to follow instructions
Difficulty organizing tasks

42
Q

Hyperactivity-impulsivity

A

Excessively energetic, intense, inappropriate and not goal directed
SPECIFIC MARKER FOR ADHD
Interrupts/talks a lot
Fidget with hands and feet

43
Q

ADHD: secondary features

A

Difficulty in applying intelligence
Family and peer problems
Academic delays
Deficits in executive functions

44
Q

ADHS: comorbidity

A

ODD: 50%
CD: 30 to 50%

45
Q

Developmental course

A

Described as difficult infants

46
Q

ADHD: neurological factors

A

Abnormalities in brain structure and function
Deficiencies in dopamine and norepinephrine

47
Q

ADHD: genetic influences

A

Runs in families
Genes involved in dopamine regulation

48
Q

ADHD: psychological factors

A

Affect severity, continuity, and nature of symptoms
Family - stress, conflict, poor mental health, economic disadvantage

49
Q

Multimodal treatment

A

Best treatment for ADHD

50
Q

Healthy parenting

A

Child development and expectations
Adequate coping skills
Attachment and communication

51
Q

Types of maltreatment

A

Neglect 75%
Sexual 8.3%
Physical 17%
Emotional

52
Q

Ontario Health Supplement Survey

A

Sexual abuse: M 4.3%, F 12.8%
Physical abuse: M 31.2%, F 21.1%

53
Q

Effects of age - Maltreatment

A

Younger children more at risk for neglect

54
Q

Effects of sex - Maltreatment

A

80% of sexual abuse victims are female
Boys - male non family
Girls - male family

55
Q

Maltreatment more common among:

A

Poor
Single-parent homes
Large families

56
Q

Insecure-disorganized attachment

A

Mixture of approach - avoidance, helplessness, apprehension, and general disorientation

57
Q

Maltreatment: social and cultural dimensions

A

Inequality and racism
Poverty, social isolation, and acceptance of corporal punishment

58
Q

Treatment for abuse

A

Cognitive behavioral methods: target anger patters and distorted beliefs

Childhood Behavioral Disorders (2 decks)

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