Exam Three Flashcards
Chapter 11
What is personality?
Long term, stable traits and patterns that propel people to act, think, or feel in a specific way consistently
Chapter 11
What did Wilhem Wundt do/ who was he?
German physiologist who suggested a better description of personality could be achieved using two major axes
Chapter 11
What are the 2 major axes in Wilhelm Wundt’s theory
- Stronger and weaker emotions
Chapter 11
What was Sigmund Freud’s theory?
That everyone is driven by pleasure principle, unconscious drives influenced by sex, aggression, along with
childhood sexuality, are the forces that influence personality
Chapter 11
What is the reality principle?
Chapter 11
What is Id-ego
unconscious; contains our primitive drives and urges; present at birth; operates in “pleasure principle” which id seeks immediate gratification
Chapter 11
What is ego?
The rational part of our personality; According to Freud ego is our selves.
-People with stronger ego can balance the needs of id and supergo
Chapter 11
What is Superego?
acts as our conscience; moral compass and tells us how we should behave; strives for perfection; judgemental
Chapter 11
What are the 8 types of defense mechanisms?
- Denial - refusing to accept real events because they are unpleasant
- Displacement - transferring inappropriate urges or behaviors to a more
acceptable or less threatening target - Projection -attributing unacceptable desires to others, based on what ur experiencing or have done
- Rationalization - justifying behaviors by substituting acceptable reasons for
less acceptable reasons - Reaction Formation - reducing anxiety by adopting beliefs contrary to own
beliefs - Regression - returning to coping strategies for less mature stages of
development - Repression - supressing painful memories and thoughts
- Sublimation - redireting unacceptable desires through socially acceptable
channels.
Chapter 11
What are Freud’s 5 Physchosexual stages
- Oral Stage - (0-1 yrs) mouth; weaning off breasts or bottles
- Anal Stage - (1-3) Potty training
- Phallic - (3-6) Oedipus/Electra complex; vanity
- Latency - (6-12) None; sexual feelings are dormant due to children being focused on other pursuits
- Genital - (12+) None; sexual reawakening; people in this stage have mature sexual interest
Chapter 11
What are adult fixations associated with the oral stage?
Smoking; overeating
Chapter 11
What are adult fixations associated with the anal stage
neatness, messiness
Chapter 11
What are adult fixations associated with the phallic stage
Vanity, overambition
Chapter 11
What is Oedipus complex?
Boys’ desire to for their mother’s attention and an urge to replace their father who they see as a rival for their mother’s attention
Chapter 11
What is Electra complex?
girls’ desire for their father’s attentions and wishing to take their mother’s place
Chapter 11
Who is Alfred Adler?
Psychotherapist; founded a school of psychology, Individual Psychology, proposed the concepts of inferiority complex and birth orders shape personalities
Chapter 11
What is inferiority complex?
a person’s feeling that they lack worth and do not meaure up to the standards of society
Chapter 11
What is Carl Jung’s theory
Analytical Psychology; did not accept sexual drive as primary motivator in a person’s mental life
Chapter 11
What are archetypes?
common experiences
Chapter 11
What are the 4 archetypes of the Collective Unconscious according to Jung’s theory?
- The hero -
- The maiden -
- The sage -
- The trickster -
- Persona -
- Shadow -
- Anima/ Animus
- Self -
idk wtf the other 4 r they were all under the 4 archetypes on the study guide the bolded ones r the ones that r actually the archetypes, itallicized is what was bolded on packet
Chapter 11
What are Horney’s coping styles
- Moving towards people - affiliation & dependence
- Moving against people - aggression & manipulation
- Moving away from people -detachment & isolation
Chapter 11
What are traits?
Chapter 11
What are the 3 infant temperaments
Chapter 12
What is social pyschology?
examines how people affect one another, looks at the
power of the situation
Chapter 12
What is interpersonal?
to another person/groups
Chapter 12
What is intrapersonal
the indivdual
Chapter 12
Situationism
behavior/action are determined by our immediate environment and surroundings
Chapter 12
Dispositionism
behaviors/actions are determined by our internal factors
Chapter 12
Fundamental attribution error
when people overlook obvious situational
influences on behavior
Chapter 12
What are characteristics of individualistic culture
- Achievement oriented
- Focus on autonomy
- Independent
- Analytic thinking style
Chapter 12
What are characteristics of collectivistic culture
- Relationship oriented
- Focus on group harmony
- Situational Perspective
- Interdependent
- Holistic thinking style
Chapter 12
What is Actor-Observer-Bias
observational learning;
Chapter 12
What is Self-Serving-Bias
tendency to credit successes to dispositional(internal) characteristics, but our failures to situational(external) factors.
Chspter 12
Just-World Hypothesis
the belief that people get the outcomes they deserve
Chapter 12
Social Roles
pattern of behavior expected of a person in a given setting or group
Chapter 12
What are social roles shaped by?
culturally shared knowledge
Chapter 12
What are Scripts?
a person’s knowledge about the sequence of events expected in a setting
Ex; first day of school, in a restuarant, in an elevator
Chapter 12
What were findings of the Stanford Prison Experiment?
Chapter 12
What were critisicms of the Stanford Prison Experiment?
- Ethical concerns to issues of generalizability
- The way students were recruited for the experiment may have affected the outcome
- Zimbardo provided specific guideline to how the guards were expected to behave which they followed
prisoners were mostly minority while guards consisted of mostly white men
Chapter 12
What is attitude
our evaluation of a person, an idea, or an object
Chapter 12
What are the 3 components of attitude
- Affective Components
- Behavioral
- Cignitive
Chapter 12
What is Cognitive Dissonance
psychological discomfort from holding 2 or more inconsistent attitudes, behaviors, or cognitions
Chapter 12
Asch Effect
influence of a group on an individual’s judgement
Chapter 12
What are the 2 types of social influence?
- Normative
- Informational
Chapter 12
What is the difference between prejudice, stereotype, and discrimination
Prejudice - attitude
Stereotyep - assumption
Discrimination - action
Chapter 12
What is microaggression?
Chapter 12
What is the bystander effect
a phenomenon in which a witness or bystander does not volunteer to help a victim or person in distress; they just watch
Chapter 12
Altruism
people’s desire to help others despite the costs outweighing the benefits of helping
Chapter 12
Homophily
tendency of people to form social networks, including friendships, marriages, business relationships, and other relationships
Chapter 12
Reciprocity
give and take relationship
Chapter 12
What attracts people to each other?
Chapter 12
What is social exchange theory?
Chapter 13
Chapter 13
Chapter 13
