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Exercise Physiology > Exam Three > Flashcards

Exam Three Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Define VO2max
A

The amount of O2 a person is able to use

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2
Q

b. Can it improve with training? Does it stop improving after a certain point?

A
  • Vo2 improves with training during the first two weeks than plateau
  • Endurance athletes are able to continue improve over time
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3
Q

What is 1 MET?

A

a ratio of your working metabolic rate relative to your resting metabolic rate.

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4
Q

A 50 kg person is exercising at 10 METs. Calculate their absolute VO2.

A

[(35 ml/kg/min) x 50 kg] / 1000 = 1.75 L/min

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5
Q

A 100 kg person is exercising at a VO2 of 4 L/min. Calculate their relative VO2.
(4 L/min x 1000) / 100 kg = 40 ml/kg/min

A

(4 L/min x 1000) / 100 kg = 40 ml/kg/min

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6
Q

Convert 40 ml/kg/min to METs

A

40 ml/kg/min / 3.5 ml/kg/min = 11.4 METs

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7
Q

What is the primary criteria for obtaining VO2max?

A

<250 ml/ min changed in Vo2 with increase in intensity

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8
Q

If the primary criteria is not obtained, what are the secondary criteria?

A
  • Blood lactate> 8mmol/L
  • RER>1.1
  • HR+- 10 bpm of age predicated max
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9
Q

Define the Lactate Threshold

A

Point where lactate accumulates exponentially in the blood

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10
Q

What happens to the curve with training?

A

With training the lactate threshold curve is pushed to the right

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11
Q

Define Oxygen Deficit and EPOC.

A

i. Oxygen deficit: almost any activity has a know oxygen cost, 2-3 mins of exercise for Vo2 to catch up
- During this time anaerobic energy system makes up for this cost
- “debt” has be paid back from the aerobic energy system
ii. EPOC: Vo2 does not immediately go down after exercise, oxygen is need to replenish things used during the exercise

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12
Q

What happens to both as exercise intensity increases?

A

as exercise intensity increases both of them will increase causing for a longer EPOC to pay back the oxygen deficit

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13
Q

Define Exercise Economy

A

Increase experience leads to a decrease energy demand

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14
Q

Be able to identify whether a cause of fatigue is peripheral (due to local factors within the muscle) or central (related to the nervous system).

A
  • Peripheral Fatigue
  • -Decreased rate of energy delivery
  • -Buildup of acidic byproducts
  • -Failure of muscle fiber’s contractile mechanism
  • Central fatigue
  • -Alteration in neural control of the muscle
  • –Neural fatigue and loos of motivation-
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15
Q

Define DOMS.

A
  • Muscle pain, stiffness, aching tenderness experienced for 1-2 days
  • Cause is unknown
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16
Q

What may cause to DOMS?

A
  • Eccentric contractions appear to be the primary contributor
  • Structural damage
  • Inflammation
  • Limits glycogen storage
  • Exertional rhabdomyolysis
17
Q

What are some treatments of DOMS?

A
  • Don’t train too hard too soon
  • ice/cold compress
  • non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
  • exercise analgesic effect
  • don’t stop exercise
18
Q

What may cause the left ventricle to hypertrophy?

A

Will hypertrophy due to intense exercise

19
Q

What are the primary structures of the cardiac conduction system?

A
  • Regulated by the autonomic nervous system
  • Signal is generated by the SA node
  • Travels to AV node
  • To AV bundle (Bundle of HIS)
  • Speeds up 6x when it gets to the Purkinje Fibers-
20
Q

Where is the impulse slowed down and sped up?

A

Slowed down at the AV node and speed up at the Purkinje fibers

21
Q

This nerve releases Acetylcholine to slow down heart rate.

A
  • Stimulated by the vagus nerve

- Bia neurotransmitters Acetylcholine

22
Q

Define Bradycardia and Tachycardia.

A
  • Bradycardia: HR<60 beats/min

- Tachycardia: HR>60 beats/min

23
Q

When the mitral valve closes, is blood immediately expelled from the left ventricle?

A

When the mitral valve closes the AV valve is opened and blood is ejected from the left ventricle

24
Q

How much does Atrial Contraction contribute to Ventricular Volume? (more or less than half?)

A

Atrial contraction increase ventricular volume

25
Q

Blood Flow = ∆Pressure / Resistance. If resistance goes up or down, what will be the effect on blood flow?

A

When resistance goes up or down it has a direct correlation to blood flow

26
Q

MAP = 2/3 DBP + 1/3 SBP. Calculate MAP from a BP of 140/90.

A

[(2/3) * 90] + [(1/3) * 140] = 107 mmHg

27
Q

What are the receptors located in the aorta and carotid arteries that detect changes in blood pressure?

A

Baroreceptors

28
Q

What factors within muscle tissue may cause vasodilation? (Hint: check Metabolic Regulation under Intrinsic Control of Blood Flow)

A

Intrinsic (within the tissue) factors can cause vasodilation

29
Q

How does blood return to the heart from the veins?

A
  • Contains one-way valves to prevent backflow
  • Sympathetic stimulation
  • Muscle pump
  • Respiratory pump
30
Q

List the two primary muscles involved in inspiration.

A
  • External intercostal muscles

- Diaphragm

31
Q

According to Boyle’s Gas Law, if volume goes up or down, what will happen to pressure?

A

-pressure and volume are inversely correlated, as one goes up the other goes down

32
Q

Define the following respiratory measures:

A
  • Total Lung Capacity: VC+RC
  • Vital Capacity: greatest amount of air that can be expired after a maximal inspiration
  • Tidal Volume: the volume of air entering and leaving the lungs with each breath
  • Residual Volume: air that is remaining after a maximal expiration
33
Q

What % of air is oxygen?

A

20%

34
Q

The barometric pressure on Pike’s Peak in Colorado is 442 mmHg. What is the partial pressure of oxygen on Pike’s Peak?

A

442mmHg * .2093 = 92.51 mmHg

35
Q

Blood leaving the left ventricle contains 20 mL oxygen / 100 mL blood. Blood returning to the right atrium contains 12 mL oxygen / 100 mL blood. Calculate the (a-¯v)O2 difference

A

20 mL – 12 mL = 8 mL oxygen

36
Q

One molecule of hemoglobin binds to how many molecules of oxygen

A

4

Exercise Physiology (4 decks)

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