Exam stuff Flashcards
(23 cards)
What are Urodelans?
Salamanders and Newts
Give examples of diagnostic features of Urodelans
Tail in both larvae and adults
Teeth on both jaws
Short stumpy ribs
Gill slits/external gills in aquatic larvae
What are Anurans?
Frogs
Give examples of diagnositc features of Anurans?
Nine or fewer presacral vertebae
Developing tail vertebrae forming urostlye
Tongue without skeletal support from hyoid
Large subcutaneous lymph spaces
What are cyclostomes?
Hagfish and Lapreys
What are the diagnostic features of chordate deuterosomes?
Notochord
Hollow dorsal nerve chord
Spinal ganglia
Post-anal tail
Give examples of diagnostic features of craniates
Skull
Five-part brain
Nerual crest
Endoskeleton
Give examples of features both lampreys and jawed vertebrates share
Vertebrae
Elaborate skulls
Extrinsic eye muscles
At least 2 semicircular canals
Give some diagnostic features of hagfish
No elaborate skull
1 semicircular canal
No dorsal fin
Blood isotonic with water
Give some diagnostic features of lampreys
Slightly elaborate skull
Single dorsal nostril atop the head
Simple vertebrate
2 semicircular canals
What are the characteristics of modern crocodiles?
Long flat snouts with eyes, ears and nostril ontop of head 1-7 metres long Ectotherms Thick skin Heart with 4 chambers
What are the characteristics of Archosaurs?
Belly breathing
Cervical ribs with two heads
Improved limb posture-vertically under the body
7-8 cervical vertebrae
What are Archosaurs?
Crocodiles and birds
What are the diagnostic features of primates?
Grasping hands with opposable thumbs and toes
Hallux bearing nail
Elongation of the heel bone
Hindlimb dominance
What are the diagnostic features of mammals?
Hair
Sweat glands
Diaphram
Four-chambered heart
What are the diagnostic features of testudines?
Anapsid skull
Retractable neck
Ectothermic
Massive beaks
What are Testudines?
Turtles,
Tortoises
Terrapins
What are the characteristics of Amniotes?
Mostly four limbed
Three- or four- chambered heart
Size varying from fractions of an inch to over 30 metres
Internal fertilisation
What are Amniotes?
Mammals Turtles Lizard Crocodylians Birds
What are some of the key points to note about the hagfish skeleton?
The skeleton is situated mostly in the head and in the anterior-most trunk region
The head skeleton consists of slender cartilaginous elements
There is no braincase
There are sledner rays in the caudal fin
What are the key points to note about the lamprey skeleton?
The skeleton is situated mostly in the head and along to trunk region
The skeleton consists of slender cartilaginous elements including simple arch-like dorsal vertebrae
There is a branchial basket
There are slender rays in the caudal fin
What is crossflow filtration in bony fish?
Water enters through the mouth
Travels through the branchial arches and concentrate particles in the posterior oral cavity
Filtrate exits between gill rakers
Passes the gill filaments where gas exchange occurs
What is vertical cross-step filtration (paddlefish)?
Water enters through the mouth
Interacts with a series of backwards-facing steps formed by branchial arches
Resulting vortical flow interacts with gill rakers to concentrate particle in zones along the steps
Filtrate passes to gill filaments where gas exchange occurs
