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SOCI1001 > Exam study pt2 > Flashcards

Exam study pt2 Flashcards

1
Q

The whole point of research methods is reliable/trustworthy knowledge of the social world/society. Must be ____ ____ and _____.

A

Methods must be disciplined, rigorous and agreed upon.

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2
Q

Multi___ and multi____

A

Perspective

Method

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3
Q

The social world is a _____ and multidimensional phenomenon

A

Complex

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4
Q

Your method must be framed by the ___ you use

A

Theory

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5
Q

____ seeks to help answer theoretical questions.

A

Method

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6
Q

_____method is defined as a set of practices/procedures for testing knowledge claims
-Developing and testing theories about the world based on empirical evidence.

A

Scientific

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7
Q

More fluid and dynamic approach to understanding the social world and social processes
-Not about testing hypotheses via the scientific method

A

Exploratory/interpretive method

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8
Q

Natural science vs social science

A

A reflection of the differences in the subject matter

-Sociology is a social science

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9
Q

Social phenomenon that can be counted, quantified and measured
-The study of social ‘facts’ – social facts like the suicide rate , homicide rate, etc

A

Quantitative Knowledge

-The key value of quant is measurability, precision and reliability

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10
Q

Focuses on things cannot really be measured or counted – people’s experiences in particular

A

Qualitative knowledge

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11
Q

Quantitative sociologists argue….

A

knowledge generated through interviews is unreliable, too subjective, ‘soft data’

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12
Q

Qualitative sociologists argue…

A

stats cannot accurately capture the nuances of social life, cannot deal with many aspects of social life that are not about stats

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13
Q

There are many different ways to define something e.g. ‘poverty’.

  • requires translation
  • A social phenomenon e.g. ‘poverty’ into a measurable variable = low income cut off
A

Operational definition of phenomenon

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14
Q

The threshold is derived from the cost of a basket of goods and services for a household of two adults (age 25-49) and two children. The basket includes the core necessities (food, shelter, clothing) plus social amenities (movie tickets etc)

A

Market basket measure

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15
Q

The _____ variable is the one assigned-the one which does not change

A

independent

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16
Q

The _____ variable is the one affected by the independent variable

A

dependent

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17
Q

Hypothesized cause

A

Independent variable

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18
Q

Hypothesized effect

A

Dependent variable

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19
Q

___is the degree to which two variables are connected to each other in a way that is more than chance.
-Might be associated with each other, but aren’t necessarily connected by a cause/effect relationship

A

Correlation

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20
Q

4 research methods

A

1: Surveys (questionnaire and interviews)
2: Experiments
3: Field research (participant observation and ethnography)
4: Secondary data/textual analysis

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21
Q

Most widely used social science technique

  • Polling– politics
  • Asking a sample of people the same questions
  • Structured questions and answers
A
  1. (surveys) Questionnaires
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22
Q

Questionnaires are subject to 3 types of bias..

A

volunteer bias
interviewer bias
distortion

23
Q

Usually a good size interview sample (for individual research) will be between 30-50
It takes time to do and to transcribe
You cannot misrepresent what your interviewees say
Careful of leading questions

A

1.(surveys) Interviews

24
Q

E.g. Metropolis B.C. “Why do some employers prefer to interview Matthew, but not Samir? New evidence from Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver” by Oreopoulos and Dechief (2011)

A
  1. Experiments
25
Q

Researcher joins in with study subjects in order to gain insight into their social world
Naturally occurring context
Exploring a social world from the ‘inside’
Covert research Goffman Total Institutions

A
  1. Field Research (Participant Observation)
26
Q

Used in sociology but also in anthropology
A typical ethnography consist of the person (who is usually not a local of the area ) staying in a particular area for a prolonged period of time
-about 1 year

A
  1. Field Research (Ethnography)
27
Q

An ethnography can also be a case of______

A

the particular. hard to generalize to other situations.

28
Q

Non primary sources

Research by other agencies, individuals etc

A
  1. Secondary Data/Textual Analysis
29
Q

Statistics Canadian Census former racial categorization (no longer used)

A

“Race is based primarily upon genetically imparted physiognomical features among which skin colour is a dominant, but not the sole, attribute”

30
Q

‘Race’ is the product of ____ ____ –not scientific- processes.

A

Socio-historical

31
Q

Problem?

A

Human ‘racial’ populations are not unambiguous, clearly demarcated, biologically distinct groups.

32
Q

People/Organizations may use race as if it does reflect biological differences.
-Arbitrary biological traits used to delineate “races” can be conceptualized as racialized expressions of biology

A

Social race vs biological race

33
Q

Noam Chomsky

A

“even if there is a correlation between race and intelligence, this would have no social consequences except in a racist society in which each individual is assigned to a racial category and dealt with not as an individual in his own right, but as a representative of this category … In a non-racist society, the category of race would be of no greater significance [than height]”

34
Q

“the process by which societies construct races as real, different and unequal in ways that matter to economic, political and social life.”

The process in which people are viewed and judged as essentially different in terms of their intellect, morality, values, because of differences of outward physical appearance

A

Racialization

35
Q

_____ instead of the more outdated and inaccurate terms “racial minority”. “visible minority”, “person of colour” or “non-White”.

A

Racialized groups

36
Q

Three ways of measuring ethnicity

A

origin or ancestry, race and identity.
-may also include more subtle dimensions such as culture, the arts, customs and beliefs and even practices such as dress and food preparation”.

37
Q

A _____ group is a group which is disadvantaged (economically, politically) and subject to unequal or unfair treatment

A

Minority

  • Women
  • Aboriginal peoples
  • persons with disabilities
38
Q

A _____ group is a group which is advantaged as a group relative to other groups and has greater resources in society

A

Majority

39
Q

The Employment Equity Act defines ‘____ ____’ as “persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.”

A

Visible minority

-Chinese, South Asian, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Southeast Asian, Arab, West Asian, Korean,

40
Q

Black males are ____ times more likely to be stopped in Toronto by police as black females

A

10

41
Q

Oreopoulos- Resumes with Anglo-sounding names ___% more callbacks than those whose applicants had Chinese or South Asian names

A

40

42
Q

____, embodied by racialized subjects, also shape perceptions of language competency and intellectual ability
-part of cultural identity

A

Accents

43
Q

institutional and individual practices that create and reinforce oppressive systems of race relations and their contingent racial definitions, whereby dominant groups define themselves and others through the possession of arbitrary physical characteristics, such as skin color

A

Racism

an ideology.

44
Q

3 different levels of racism

A

Interpersonal, social and the institutional

45
Q

Prejudice

-Assumptions and judgements in the abilities, motives, and intents of an individual on the basis of their ‘race’

A

Interpersonal level Racism

46
Q

Racist/stereotypical representations on TV

  • Face recognition technology on smartphones/apps
  • Halloween costumes
A

Social Level Racism

47
Q

Policies, practices, government-based programs

  • Part of the structure of society
  • E.g. employment, housing, education, welfare, health care, CJS
A

Institutionalized or systemic racism

48
Q

____ ____ are actions undertaken supposedly for reasons of safety, security, or public protection, based on racial stereotypes, rather than on reasonable suspicion.

A

Racial profiling

49
Q

Middle Eastern drivers were stopped ___ times more

A

3.3

50
Q

Black drivers were stopped ____ times more

A

2.3

51
Q

Young Middle Eastern men (16 to 24) ___x more likely to be stopped by police

A

12

52
Q

Young black men (16-24) ___x more likely to be stopped.

A

8

53
Q

Black and Middle Eastern young male drivers more likely to be stopped for ‘____ _____’
Disproportionately more likely to have ‘___ ____’ taken against them.

A

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SOCI1001 (2 decks)

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