Exam study pt1 Flashcards
First Nations children are ___ to ___ times more likely
than others to be placed in foster care
6 to 8x
First Nations schools on reserves receive at least ____ less per student than non-Indigenous schools
$2000
Jordan’s Principle states that…
Service first, jurisdiction second. Who ever has contact first must act first.
The verbal dissemination of folklore from person to person and generation to generation over time.
A system for keeping a group’s beliefs, customs and history, in which parents tell their children about them, and the children tell their children and so on.
Oral traditions
Local area consisted of___ and ___ tribes
Anishinaabe and Mohawk
Benefits of oral traditions
Ties us to family Brings together community Strengthens the nation Respects ancestors Provides entertainment
Sisters in Spirit (SIS) was a research, education, and policy initiative created for the ____ missing or murdered indigenous Canadian women/girls
582
What is sex?
Sex refers to the biological characteristics of female and male. Sex is assigned at birth- refers to ones biological status as male or female. physical attributes like anatomy/chromosomes.
What is gender?
Gender refers to the roles and characteristics society associates with being male and female. Binary concept of gender is not universal.
____ and Australia have 3rd gender option on passports “indeterminate/unspecified”
Germany
Transgender
an umbrella term for persons whose gender identity, gender expression or behavior does not conform to that typically associated with the sex to which they were assigned at birth.
refers to a person’s internal sense of being male, female or neither of these two.
Gender identity
refers to the way a person communicates gender identity to others through behavior, clothing, hairstyles, voice or body characteristics.
Gender expression
What gender ‘is’- defined legally, psychiatrically, medically, socio-culturally
Core Status
The processes by which any body of knowledge comes to be socially established/taken for granted as ‘reality’.
Social construction – Berger and Luckman
Creation of a social construct for a typical way of acting (script)
Typification
When habitualized knowledge becomes typified and well-established
Institutionalization
‘Performativity’
Judith Butler– gender is socially performed at a micro level (socialization and interaction)
-Gender as a process rather than an essence
Policing/regulating gender roles, norms and expectations
‘Dude You’re a Fag’ (Pascoe 2007)
-Creation of normative ideas of masculinity through the constant use of ‘fag’ slur
A ____ ____ is a set of expectations concerning behavior and attitudes that relates to being female or male.
Includes things like clothes, physical attributes, mannerisms, attitudes and also behavior
Gender Role
‘Masculine’ and ‘feminine’ leadership styles
Putin vs Obama
Women may less likely perceived as capable leaders by virtue of their gender.
Unless they act in ‘masculine’ ways (autocratically etc)
Yale 2012 study (Moss-Racusin and Handelsman)
Implicit gender bias in hiring
- were more likely to hire the male applicant
- were willing to pay him $4000 more than the woman
- ranked him higher in competency,
- more willing to provide mentoring to the male candidate.
Gender as “human nature”
The ‘maternal instinct’, object v’s person attributes, etc
- Men are more cerebral/rational/calculating
- Women are more emotional/intuitive/nurturing
Essentialist versus constructionist = nature vs nurture debate.
Tend to reduce the complexity of human behavior and expression to genetics, evolution, instincts etc
4 Arguments against essentialism
1: If gender is determined by biology then how do we explain cultural and historical variations in gender?
2: Gendered traits change across time and culture
3: Neurological and socio-biological explanations are contradictory and reductionist
4: What about the role of social power in defining what gender is and should be?
___ organizes and gives meaning to biology and lived experiences, not the other way around
Culture
