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civics > Exam study guide COPY > Flashcards

Exam study guide COPY Flashcards

1
Q

Immigrant

A

a person who moves permanently to a new country

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2
Q

alien

A

a foreign-born resident of the united states who has not been nautralized

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3
Q

what can aliens not do in the U.S.?

A

they cannot vote in elections or run for president. they may not serve in most government jobs

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4
Q

welfare

A

the health, prosperity, and happiness of the members of a community

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5
Q

naturalization process/requirements/steps

A

Naturalization is a legal process to obtain citizenship. They must meet certain requirements if they want to become a citizen, including: must be age 18 or older, they must be a lawful permanent resident for five years, must be able to read, write, and speak English, must be of good moral character, and must show an understanding of civics.

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6
Q

Loss of citizenship rights

A

Americans can lose citizenship in three ways: Expiration- when someone gives their allegiance to a foreign country, Denaturalization- citizens who are found to have lied on their citizenship test will lose naturalization, and being convicted of certain crimes.

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7
Q

Duties of citizens

A

Duties are actions that we are required to perform. Some examples of citizens’ duties include: obeying laws, paying taxes, defending the nation, serving in court, and attending school.

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8
Q

Responsibilities of citizens

A

Responsibilities are things we should do. Some examples of citizens’ responsibilities include: being informed and active, respecting the right of others, contributing to the common good, and donating.

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9
Q

Representative democracy

A

a government in which citizens choose a smaller group to govern on their behalf

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10
Q

constitutional monarchy

A

monarchy in which the power of the hereditary ruler is limited by the country’s constitution and laws.

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11
Q

authoritarian regimes

A

a government in which one leader or group of people holds absolute power

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12
Q

totalitarian

A

describes a system in which government control extends to almost all aspects of people’s lives

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13
Q

ideology

A

a body of ideas about life and society

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14
Q

socialism

A

system in which society, either directly or indirectly through the government, controls all aspects of the economy

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15
Q

direct democracy

A

a form of democracy in which the people vote firsthand

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16
Q

republic

A

a representative democracy where citizens choose their lawmakers

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17
Q

democracy

A

a government in which the citizens hold the power to rule

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18
Q

limited government

A

the principle that a ruler or a government is not all-powerful

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19
Q

legislature

A

a group of people that makes laws

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20
Q

social contract

A

an agreement among people in a society with their government

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21
Q

natural rights

A

a freedom people possess relating to life, liberty, and property

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22
Q

the enlightment

A

a change in how some people saw the world during the 1960s

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23
Q

house of burgesses

A

elected assembly in colonial Virginia, created in 1618

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24
Q

jamestown

A

the first permanent English settlement in North America, found in Virginia in 1607

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25
Q

Why did the English come to the Americas to settle in colonies?

A

Many came for land or jobs and for the right to worship in their own way. Those who could not afford the trip, could come by agreeing to be indentured servants.

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26
Q

dissenters

A

one who opposes official or commonly held views

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27
Q

Fundamental orders of COnnecticut

A

the first written constitution in America (1639)

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28
Q

new england colonies

A

Massachusetts bay, Connecticut, Rhode island, new Hampshire. Cold climate, rocky soil, forests, and harbors. Economy was small farms, shipbuilding, trapping, and trade.

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29
Q

Middle colonies

A

New york, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware. Warmer climate, natural resources. Economy was cash crops, sawmills, mines, and iron works

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30
Q

Southern Colonies

A

Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia. Warm climate, rich soil. Economy was cotton, tobacco, and rice.

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31
Q

proclamation

A

an official, formal public announcement

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32
Q

What led to the French and Indian War?

A

Great Britain and France were fighting over the land in 1754 outcome was the British won and controlled French lands as far as the Mississippi River

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33
Q

smuggling

A

The act of illegally importing or exporting goods

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34
Q

Stamp Act

A

1765; law that taxed printed goods and stamps had to be placed on legal papers, newspapers, and other documents.

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35
Q

Sugar Act

A

Set taxes on sugar imports from countries other than Great Britain in 1764

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36
Q

Townshend Acts

A

Placed taxes on goods the colonists imported to the colonies, allowed search warrants to combat smuggling in 1767

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37
Q

Tea Act

A

Required American colonists to buy tea only from the British East India Company 1773

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38
Q

Boston Tea Party

A

December, 1773 angry colonists boarded several ships in the Boston Harbor. They had disguised themselves as Native Americans. They dumped 342 chests of the tea into the water as a protest British taxes

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39
Q

Coercive Acts

A

Included several laws to punish the colonist for resisting British authority (it was meant to punish Boston) in 1774

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40
Q

Thomas Paine

A

published a pamphlet titled Common Sense in 1775

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41
Q

Thomas Jefferson

A

Wrote the Declaration of Independence

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42
Q

John Hancock

A

John Hancock, the president of the Congress, was the first to sign the Declaration of Independence

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43
Q

constitution

A

a detailed, written plan for government

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44
Q

bicameral

A

A legislature consisting of two parts, or houses

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45
Q

confederation

A

a group of individuals or state governments

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46
Q

Articles of Confederation

A

the first constitution of the United States. Weakness were The approval of 9 states was needed to pass a law.
Changing the articles required the approval of all 13 states. Congress had no power to collect taxes or to enforce laws.

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47
Q

Ordinance of 1785

A

A law that set up a plan for surveying western lands

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48
Q

popular sovereignty

A

the idea that power lies with the people

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49
Q

separation of powers

A

the split of authority among the 3 branches of government

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50
Q

checks and balances

A

a system in which each branch of government is able to check, or restrain, the power of the others

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51
Q

rule of law

A

principle that the law applies to everyone, even those who govern

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52
Q

enumerated powers

A

powers granted directly to the national government by the Constitution

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53
Q

reserved powers

A

powers that the Constitution does not give to the federal government that are kept by the states

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54
Q

concurrent powers

A

powers shared by the state and federal governments

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55
Q

Shay’s Rebellion

A

an uprising of Massachusetts farmers who did not want to lose their farms because of debt caused by heavy state taxes after the American Revolution

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56
Q

Constitutional Convention

A

5/25/1787 - The convention began in Philadelphia. The delegates chose George Washington to lead them. James Madison kept the only notes taken at the meeting in a journal

57
Q

New Jersey Plan

A

One house Congress, equal representation

58
Q

Virginia Plan

A

Two houses of Congress, representation in both houses by population.

59
Q

Great Compromise

A

Two houses of Congress, equal representation in the Senate, representation by population in the House of Representatives.

60
Q

Federalist

A

supporters of the Constitution

61
Q

Anti-Federalists

A

people who opposed the Constitution

62
Q

What was the purpose of the federalist papers?

A

defend the constitution

63
Q

How many amendments are there currently?

A

27

64
Q

Legislative branch

A

the branch of government that makes the laws

65
Q

Executive branch

A

the branch of government that carries out laws

66
Q

Judicial Branch

A

the branch of government that interprets laws

67
Q

civil liberties

A

freedoms to think and act without government interference or fear of unfair legal treatment

68
Q

1st Amendment

A

Freedom of Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly, and Petition

69
Q

2nd amendment

A

Right to bear arms

70
Q

3rd Amendment

A

No quartering of soldiers

71
Q

4th Amendment

A

Protection against Unreasonable Search and Seizure

72
Q

5th amendment

A

Protection from Self incrimination; Criminal Proceedings; Due Process; Eminent Domain; Double Jeopardy

73
Q

6th Amendment

A

Right to a fair, speedy trial

74
Q

Right to a fair, speedy trial

A

No cruel or unusual punishment

75
Q

13th amendment

A

abolished slavery

76
Q

14th amendment

A

defines citizenship; guarantees equal protection under law to all US citizens

77
Q

15th amendment

A

Prohibits the denial of the right to vote based on race and color

78
Q

19th amendment

A

Gave women the right to vote

79
Q

24th amendment

A

Abolishes poll taxes

80
Q

slander

A

spoken untruths that are harmful to someone’s reputation

81
Q

libel

A

written untruths that are harmful to someone’s reputation

82
Q

censorship

A

the banning of printed materials or films due to alarming or offensive ideas

83
Q

indictment

A

a document issued by a grand jury to charge someone with a crime

84
Q

probable cause

A

a strong reason to think that a person or property was involved in a crime

85
Q

search warrant

A

a court order allowing police to search property and seize evidence

86
Q

double jeopardy

A

putting someone on trial for a crime for which he or she was previously found not guilty

87
Q

self-incrimination

A

giving evidence about yourself that could lead to you being found guilty of a crime

88
Q

due process

A

following established legal procedures

89
Q

eminent domain

A

the right of government to take private property for public use

90
Q

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka

A

(1954) a major victory. The Supreme Court
struck down “separate but equal.” It also ruled that
segregation in public schools was against the
Constitution.

91
Q

sit-ins

A

the act of occupying seats or sitting down on the floor of an establishment as a form of organized protest

92
Q

Rosa Parks

A

1955 - Rosa Parks refused to move to the back of a bus
in Montgomery, Alabama. She was arrested, this started
the boycotting of public buses.

93
Q

Martin Luther King, Jr.

A

King believed in nonviolent resistance, the peaceful protest of unfair laws. wrote I have a dream speech.

94
Q

Requirements to run for Senate

A

-30 years old
-Citizen for at least 9 years
-Required to reside in state represented

95
Q

Requirements to run for House

A

25 years old, US citizen for 7 years, live in represented state

96
Q

Two houses of Congress

A

Senate (higher house equal representation two senators for each state 100 members unlimited number of terms) and House of Representatives (proportional representation, based on population 435 members serve for 2 years)

97
Q

constituents

A

a person from a legislator’s district

98
Q

gerrymander

A

an oddly shaped election district designed to increase the voting strength of a particular group

99
Q

Who leads the House of Representatives?

A

Speaker of the House

100
Q

Who leads the Senate?

A

Vice President

101
Q

Why are members of Congress assigned to work on committees?

A

to oversee bills

102
Q

elastic clause

A

Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution, which allows Congress to make all laws “necessary and proper” to carry out the powers of the Constitution.

103
Q

impeach

A

To accuse government officials of misconduct in office

104
Q

Three presidents that have been impeached

A

Andrew Johnson, Bill Clinton, and Donald Trump

105
Q

bills of attainder

A

laws that punish a person without a jury trial

106
Q

ex post facto laws

A

A law which punishes people for a crime that was not a crime when it was committed.

107
Q

writ of habeas corpus

A

A court order that requires police to bring a prisoner to court to explain why they are holding the person

108
Q

Benefits of members of Congress

A

Free office space, parking, trips home, Franking privilege, immunity

109
Q

franking privilege

A

the right of senators and representatives to send job-related mail without paying postage

110
Q

lobbyists

A

representatives of interest groups who contact government officials directly to influence their policy

111
Q

pork-barrel projects

A

government project grant that primarily benefits the home district or state

112
Q

What are the two types of bills

A

public- concerns all
private- concerns one person or place

113
Q

joint resolution

A

a resolution that is passed by both houses of Congress

114
Q

special-interest groups

A

an organization of people with some common interest who try to influence government decisions

115
Q

filibuster

A

a tactic for defeating a bill in the Senate by talking until the bill’s sponsor withdraws it

116
Q

cloture

A

A procedure used in the Senate to limit debate on a bill

117
Q

pocket veto

A

president’s power to kill a bill, if Congress is not in session, by not signing it for 10 days

118
Q

veto

A

Chief executive’s power to reject a bill passed by a legislature

119
Q

Requirements to run for president

A

35 years old, natural born citizen, must have lived in U.S. for 14 years

120
Q

Electoral College

A

the body of electors who formally elect the United States president and vice-president

121
Q

How many terms of office may a president serve

A

2

122
Q

Salary and Benefits of President

A

Salary - $400,000 a year Receives money for personal costs/travel Lives/works in the White House Staff of more than 80 people takes care of the president’s family Use of Camp David Use of special fleet cars, helicopters, Air Force One

123
Q

25th amendment

A

gave the procedures to be followed if it becomes necessary for the vice president to assume the president’s job

124
Q

State of the Union Address

A

The president’s annual statement to Congress and the nation.

125
Q

pardon

A

A declaration of forgiveness and freedom from punishment

126
Q

reprieve

A

delay of punishment

127
Q

amnesty

A

a pardon to a group of people

128
Q

elector

A

person appointed to vote in presidential elections

129
Q

executive order

A

A rule issued by the president that has the force of law

130
Q

ambassador

A

an official representative of a country’s government

131
Q

treaty

A

a formal agreement between the governments of two or more countries

132
Q

embargo

A

an agreement among a group of nations that prohibits them all from trading with a target nation

133
Q

cabinet

A

A group of advisers to the president.

134
Q

Spoils System

A

rewarding people with government jobs on the basis of their political support

135
Q

merit system

A

hiring people into government jobs on the basis of their qualifications

136
Q

What happened in the Watergate Scandal?

A

in 1974, Nixon resigned after refusing to give up the tapes that showed he was responsible for the Watergate scandal. showed even the president was not above the law.

137
Q

How many departments currently serve as the president’s cabinet?

A

18

138
Q

President who won a 4th term in office

A

Franklin D. Roosevelt

civics (6 decks)

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