Exam Semester Two Flashcards
In establishing the second empire, Napoleon iii
Received overwhelming electoral support of the people
Among Napoleon iii’s great domestic projects was
A reconstruction of Paris with broad boulevards, public squares, and municipal utilities
In economic matters, Napoleon iii
Used government resources to stimulate the national economy and industrial growth
Napoleon’s most disastrous foreign policy adventure occurred in
Mexico
In the opinion of the British prime minister, the proclamation of a newly unified German state ruled by an emperor in 1871
Entirely destroyed the previous european balance of power
The immediate origins of the Crimean war involved
Russia’s right to protect Christian shrines in Palestine
An overall result of the Crimean war was
The destruction of the concert of Europe and the creation of opportunities for Italian and German national unification
In seeking unification many Italian nationalists in the 1850’s looked for leadership from
The kingdom of Piedmont
The prime minister of Piedmont who organized the Italian unification movement
Camillo di Cavour
The dominant foreign power in Italy prior to unification was
Austria
Cavour’s key strategy to free Italy from Austrian domination required the military and diplomatic support of
France
The leader of the red shirts who helped to unify Italy through his military command was
Giuseppe garibaldi
The final act of Italian unification occurred in 1870 when
Rome became the capital city following the withdrawal of French troops
Among the key motives prompting England and France to fight Russia in the Crimean war must be counted
Britain’s concern over disruption of the existing balance of power
Otto von Bismarck the Prussian born leader of German unification
Practiced realpolitik in conducting foreign and domestic policy
The emergence of a true parliamentary system in Prussia was blocked by
The king’s overwhelming executive power
The Zollverein describes
The German states’ customs union dominated by Prussia
As chancellor of Prussia Otto von Bismarck
Largely bypassed parliament in pursuing his political goals of military modernization
A result of Bismarck’s Austria-Prussian war was
The exclusion of Austria from the northern German confederation
As a statesman Bismarck can best be appreciated as
A consummate politician and opportunist capitalizing on unexpected events and manipulating affairs to his favor
The immediate origins of the Franco-Prussian war was
Bismarck’s devious editing of a telegram from King William I
During the franco Prussian war
The French were decisively defeated at the battle of sedan
As a consequence of her defeat in the Franco Prussian war France had to
Pay an indemnity to Prussia of five billion francs and give the provinces to Alsace and Lorraine to Prussia a loss leaving the French set on revenge
Prussian leadership of German unification meant that
The triumph of authoritarian and materialistic values over liberal and constitutional values in the new German State
In 1871, William I was proclaimed Kaiser or emperor of the second Reich in
Versailles
The augsleich or compromise of 1867
Created the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary
The reforms of Tsar Alexander II centered around
The abolition of serfdom
The Russian zemstvos were
Local assemblies with limited self governing powers
The radical organization responsible for the assassination of Tsar Alexander II in 1881 was
The people’s will
All of the following were reforms instituted by prime minister William Gladstone except
The voting reform act of 1867
Among the key political consequences of disraeli’s reform act of 1867 was
A large increase in the number of voters and tighter organization of liberal and conservative political parties
By 1860 there were approximately how many slaves in the United States
Four million
The American civil war of 1861-65
Was a clear precursor of total war in the twentieth century
Canada largely gained its independence in
1867 with the dominion of Canada act
The communist manifesto of Marx and Engels
Based all historical development on class struggle
By 1870 by far the largest producer of pig iron was
Great Britain
Karl Marx embraced the German philosopher hegel’s idea of the dialectic meaning
All change in history is the result of clashes between directly antagonistic elements
According to Karl Marx the final result of the struggle between bourgeoisie and the proletariat would be
A classless society
The first international
Served as a type of umbrella organization for all european labo interests
The theoretical discoveries in science in the nineteenth century led to all of the following except
A renewal of spiritual belief
Which of the following statements best applies to Charles Darwin and his evolutionary theory
His theory emphasized the idea of the survival of the fit in which advantageous natural variants and environmental adaptations in organisms determine their survival
Charles Darwin’s the decent of man
Argued for the animal origins of human beings who had evolved by adapting to their environment over time
The germ theory of disease was primarily the work of
Louis Pasteur
Elizabeth Blackwell
Became the first formally educated female doctor in America
Auguste comte was responsible for
Founding the discipline of sociology
The dominant literary and artistic movement in the 1850s and 1860s was
Realism
The leading realist novelist of the nineteenth century was
Gustave Flaubert
In addition to examining everyday life the literary realists of the mid-nineteenth century were also interested in
Avoiding sentimental language by using careful observation and description
The nineteenth century composer associated with the concept of gesamkuntswerk total art work was
Wagner
The industrial revolution began in
Great Britain
Britain’s emergence as the first industrial power was aided by all of the following except
Parliament’s heavy and controlling involvement in private enterprise
The industrial revolution in Britain was largely inspired by
Entrepreneurs who sought and accepted the new profitable manufacturing methods
The infrastructure advantages in Britain promoting rapid industrialization included all of the following except
Internal customs posts
The British industrial entrepreneur James hargreaves
Created the spinning Jenny
The first step toward the industrial revolution in Britain occurred within its
Cotton textile industry
Britain’s cotton industry in the late eighteenth century
Was responsible for the creation of the first modern factories
The invention of the steam engine in Britain was initially triggered by
Problems in the mining industry
Which of the following inventions proved vital to the industrialization of British cotton manufacturing
Arkwright’s spinning frame
Hargreave’s spinning Jenny
Cartwright’s power loom
James watt was vital to the industrial revolution for his invention of
A rotary engine that could spin and weave cotton
The development of the steam engine during the industrial revolution
Made Britain’s cotton goods the cheapest and most popular in the world
The success of the steam engine in the industrial revolution made Britain dependent upon
Coal
The Englishman Henry fort was responsible for the process in iron smelting known as
Puddling
The development of such superior locomotives as the rocket, used on the first public safety railway lines, is attributed to
George Stephenson
The development of the railroads in the industrial revolution was important in
Increasing British supremacy in civil and mechanical engineering
The new set of values established by factory owners during the industrial revolution
Relegated the worker to a life of harsh discipline and the rigors of competitive wage labor
A frequent method employed to make the many very young boys and girls working in the new British industries obey the owners factory discipline was
Repeated beatings
The rise of the industrial factory system deeply affected the lives and status of workers who now
No longer owned the means of economic production and could only sell their labor for a wage
The great exhibition of 1851
Displayed Great Britain’s industrial wealth to the world
One of the chief reasons why Europe initially lagged behind England in industrialization was a lack of
Roads and means of transportation
To keep thei industrial monopoly Britain attempted to
Prohibit industrial artisans from going abroad
Industrialization began on the continent first in
Belgium France and Germany
One of the differences between British and continental industrialization was that
Government played a larger role in continental industrialization
Before what year the industrialism that had developed in western and Central Europe and the United States did not extend in any significant way to the rest of the world
1870
The initial application of machinery to production in the United States was
By borrowing from Great Britain
By 1850 all of the following countries were close to Britain in industrial output except
Russia
The industrial revolution on the continent was led by
Chemical plants
The first continental nations to completely establish a comprehensive railroad system were
Belgium and Germany
The industrial revolution in the United States
Required the construction of thousands of miles of roads and canals
By 1860 what percent of the population in cities held 70 to 80 percent of the wealth in America
10 percent
By 1860 there were about how many steamboats on the Mississippi
500
Compared to Britain American industrialization was a capital intensive endeavor because
There was a larger pool of unskilled laborers in the us
The socalled American system was
The use to interchangeable parts in manufacturing
By 1850 the european population
Was over 265 million
The european population explosion of the nineteenth century
Was largely attributable to the disappearance of famine from Western Europe
The only european country with a declining population in the nineteenth century was
Ireland
Urbanization in the first half of the nineteenth century
Was a phenomenon directly tied to industrialization
Which of the following statements best applies to urban life in the early nineteenth century
Filthy sanitary conditions were exacerbated by the cities authorities slow response to take responsibility for public health
Demographic changes that resulted from industrialization saw
The new middle class move to the suburbs of cities to escape the urban poor
