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Greek And Roman > Exam Semester 2 > Flashcards

Exam Semester 2 Flashcards

1
Q

All are correct about the battle of Hastings

A

The normans defeated the anglo-saxons
Each army numbered about 7,000 warriors
William defeated Harold
In the aftermath William was crowned king in London at Christmas

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2
Q

Feudalism in England under William I differed from feudalism in most other countries in that

A

He required all sub-vassals to swear allegiance to him

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3
Q

Under William of Normandy and his son Henry I, Medieval England

A

Developed a strong centralized monarchy

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4
Q

William of Normandy’s survey of his new royal possessions in England was recorded in

A

The domesday book

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5
Q

Henry II’s conflict over legal jurisdictions with the church culminated in

A

The murder of the Archbishop of Canterbury

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6
Q

One of the great political developments in England in the thirteenth century was

A

The emergence of the English parliament under Edward I

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7
Q

The manga cart

A

Limited the power of the English king

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8
Q

Parliament in England originally arose from the

A

King’s need to collect new taxes

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9
Q

When the rule of the Capetian began at the end of the tenth century

A

The French king only controlled an area known as the île-de-France

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10
Q

During the fourteenth century development of the French monarchy

A

Philip IV inaugurated the estates-general, France’s first parliament

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11
Q

By the end of the twelfth century Spain was

A

Free of Muslim control in the northern half of the country

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12
Q

The Christian reconquest of Spain in the thirteenth century

A

Left Granada the last Muslim kingdom on the Iberian peninsula

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13
Q

The policy that Spanish Christian rulers followed during the reconquest in distributing lands houses and property of Muslims was known as

A

Repartimiento

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14
Q

During the eleventh and twelfth centuries holy Roman emperors

A

Attempted to exploit the resources of Italy

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15
Q

Frederick II of Hohenstaufen

A

Allowed his kingdom to fall into chaos by leading military ventures in Italy

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16
Q

As a result of Hohenstaufen’s involvement in Italy

A

A weak Hapsburg king was chosen for the Germaine’s

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17
Q

Scandinavia by the twelfth century

A

Had accepted Christianity through the agency of local kings who wished to better organize and govern their states

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18
Q

The founder of the mongol Empire was

A

Genghis khan

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19
Q

The mongol invasions of Eastern Europe and Russia eventually led to

A

The dominance of Alexander nevsky’s descendants over all of Russia

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20
Q

Between the eighth and tenth centuries, serious challenges to the power of the papacy included all of the following

A

Italy’s political fragmentation
Periodic internal corruption and weak popes
Military threats from Muslim powers
Attempts by German emperors to rule northern and central Italy

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21
Q

The secularization of bishops and abbots in the early Middle Ages led to

A

A decline in the execution of their spiritual duties weakening the moral authority of the church

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22
Q

The abbot of Cluny and the Cluniac reform movement

A

Replaced manual labor with copying of manuscripts and promoted communal worship

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23
Q

Lay investiture refers to the process by which

A

Secular lords took a decisive role in choosing prelates for church offices

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24
Q

Pope Gregory VII

A

Claimed that popes had the right to depose Kings and emperors

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25
Q

In 1077 at canossa, King Henry IV

A

Received absolution and forgiveness after humbling himself before the pope

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26
Q

By the concordat of worms in 1122

A

The papacy and German kings resolved the investiture controversy by giving royal and papal officials equal roles in the creation of new bishops

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27
Q

The church during the twelfth century became very centrlaized chiefly due to

A

An efficient and well organized papal Curia

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28
Q

The papacy reached its zenith of power in the thirteenth century during the papacy of

A

Innocent III

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29
Q

The action of the medieval church that closed churches in a region or a country and that forbade the clergy from administering the sacrament to the populace was

A

The interdict

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30
Q

In general, monasteries performed all the following

A

Prayed for themselves and others
Copied manuscripts
Provided food and clothing for the poor
Took care of the sick and ran hospitals

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31
Q

The cisterciens, a new reform minded monastic order

A

Eliminated all decorations from their churches and spent more time in private prayer and manual labor by curtailing religious services

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32
Q

Hildegard of bingen, one of the most accomplished nuns of the twelfth century, is noted for all of the following

A

Three books of her personal religious experiences
Mystical visions of the divine
Fame as abbess of the convent
Contributions to the body of music known as Gregorian chant or plainsong

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33
Q

Female monasticism in the twelfth century

A

Saw the number of women joining religious houses increase significantly

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34
Q

Saint Dominic, founder of the new Dominican order of preachers

A

Was an intellectual who created a new order of learned prelates to fight heresy within the church

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35
Q

The churches practice of indulgences in the high Middle Ages was ultimately connected with the

A

Remission of time spent in purgatory

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36
Q

The church taught that purgatory was

A

A place where the soul was purified through punishment before admission to heaven

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37
Q

The sacramental system of the Catholic Church

A

Made the church an integral part of the people’s lives from birth to death

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38
Q

Saint Francis of assisi stressed that

A

His followers must accept strict vows of poverty and live by working and beg for food

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39
Q

The Albigensian believed

A

In dualism between good spiritual things and evil material ones

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40
Q

The Albigensian heresy was viciously attacked and brutally crushed by the church because

A

The cathars claimed that the church was an evil and materialistic institution that had nothing to do with god

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41
Q

The papal inquisition, or the holy office, a church court designed to try and punish heretics

A

Accepted accusations of heresy against anyone

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42
Q

The persecutions against european Jews in the high Middle Ages were

A

Openly encouraged by Christian mendicants and preachers and frequently inspired by the Christina crusades

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43
Q

By the thirteenth century a previous acceptance of homosexuality by church and society had been replaced by Christian persecution of homosexuals due to all of the following

A

The writings of Thomas aquinas
A rising tide of intolerance in Europe
The identification of homosexuals with other detested minority groups in society

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44
Q

The Black Death was most devastating in

A

Italy

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45
Q

The Black Death

A

Recurred in severe outbreaks for centuries

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46
Q

The percentage of the european population who died between 1347 and 1351 by the Black Death is estimated at

A

Twenty-five to fifty percent

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47
Q

All of the following were reactions to the great plague

A

An increase in violence and murder due to a sense of life’s cheapness
The formation of groups like the flagellants, who physically maimed themselves to save the world
Morbidity and preoccupation with death in everyday life
Economic depression

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48
Q

The flagellants

A

Were groups that physically punished themselves to win the forgiveness of god

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49
Q

The persecution of Jews during the Black Death

A

Reached their worst excesses in German cities

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50
Q

In the late Roman Empire the free farmers or coloni

A

Were bound to the land I a servile status

51
Q

Constantine’s most enduring reform came in the creation of

A

The new Rome

52
Q

The political economic and social policies of the restored empire under Diocletian and Constantine

A

Were based on coercion and the loss of individual freedoms

53
Q

After being allowed to enter the eastern empire after being displaced by nomadic _______ the German visigoths defeated the armies of the empire in 378 at the battle of ______

A

Huns/adrianople

54
Q

The edict of Milan

A

Was Constantine’s document officially tolerating the existence of Christianity

55
Q

The council of Nicaea in 325

A

Defined Christ as being of the same substance as god

56
Q

The heresy of Arianism

A

Questioned the divinity of Jesus

57
Q

By the end of the fifth century in the west

A

The romans still controlled the economic resources

58
Q

The donatisme heresy involved

A

The efficacy of the sacraments if performed by immoral priests

59
Q

In the late fourth century the visigoths and other Germanic tribes were pushed into the balkans region of the eastern Roman Empire because of pressure from the

A

Guns

60
Q

The year that the last emperor Romulus Augustus was deposed and that symbolized the end of the Western Roman Empire was

A

476

61
Q

Theodoric the ostrogothic king who took control of Italy was determined to

A

Maintain Roman customs and practices in Italy

62
Q

After the death of theodoric the ostrogothic kingdom

A

Was defeated by the byzantines reducing Rome as a center of Mediterranean culture

63
Q

All of the following were true of the Frankish kingdom

A 
Clovis established he Frankish kingdom
It was dominated by a warrior class
It’s combination of Frankish gallo-Roman and Christian cultures would produce a new european civilization
It was partitioned into three major areas after Clovis’s death
64
Q

The Frankish palace official Charles Martel successfully defended the civilization of the new Western European kingdoms in 732 by

A

Defeating the Muslim armies in 732 and driving them back to Spain

65
Q

Guilt under Germanic customary law was determined by

A

Compurgation and ordeal

66
Q

The withdrawal of Roman armies from Britain enabled

A

Anglos and saxons Germanic tribes from Denmark and Germany to invade and establish new kingdoms on the isle

67
Q

The Germans believed that the ordeal could

A

Reveal the truth by showing who god favored in a dispute

68
Q

Frankish marriage customs

A

Placed strong sanctions sometimes death on adulterous women

69
Q

The pope who supposedly caused Attila and the Huns to turn away from Rome was

A

Leo I

70
Q

The Petrine doctrine

A

Was the belief that the bishops of Rome held a preeminent position in the church

71
Q

The title vicars of Christ has traditionally been given to the

A

Bishops of Rome

72
Q

Augustine did all of the following

A

Translate scripture into the Latin vulgate

73
Q

Augustine’s confessions was written as

A

An account of his own miraculous personal conversion

74
Q

Saint Jérôme is known for all of the following

A

His mastery of Latin prose, his skills as a linguist, his translations of the old and new testaments from Hebrew and Greek into Latin, and becoming one of the Latin fathers of the church

75
Q

The father of hermit monasticism was

A

Saint Anthony

76
Q

The basic rule for western monastic living was developed by

A

Benedict

77
Q

Benedictine monasticism was characterized by

A

An ideal of moderation
The communal life
Isolated, self-sustaining communities
Vows and rules

78
Q

The apostle to the Germans and the most famous churchman in Europe in the eighth century was

A

Boniface

79
Q

In 597 pope Gregory the great sent the monk _______ to England to convert the Anglo-saxons

A

Augustine

80
Q

Pope Gregory the Great was responsible for all of the following

A

Creating the Papal States
Recognizing the Byzantine emperor as the rightful ruler of Italy
Supporting the work of Christian missionaries in England
Becoming bishop of Rome

81
Q

The primary instrument of pope Gregory for converting the Germanic peoples of Europe was

A

Monasticism

82
Q

Irish monasticism from the sixth through eighth centuries tended to be highly

A

Ascetic

83
Q

The greatest difference between Irish Christianity and Roman Christianity was in

A

Irish church organization, giving Irish abbots more power than bishops

84
Q

One of the greatest nuns of the seventh monastery and founder of the Whitney monastery was

A

St Hilda

85
Q

The great Christian scholar of late antiquity cassiodorus divided the seven liberal arts into the trivium and the quadrivium according to cassiodorus the trivium includes

A

Arithmetic, logic, and astronomy

86
Q

Justinian’s military conquests under the general belisarius

A

Were short lived

87
Q

Justinians most important contribution to western civilization was his

A

Codification of law

88
Q

The corpus iris civilis (body of civil law) compiled under Justinian

A

Was the last Byzantine contribution to the west to be written in Latin

89
Q

The woman whose support put down the nika revolt against justinian’s rule in 532 was

A

Theodora

90
Q

All of the following were great buildings in the city of Constantinople

A

Hague Sophia
Hippodrome
Royal palace

91
Q

The controversy of 730 that set the Latin and Greek Orthodox Christians apart was over

A

Iconoclasm and the destruction of icons

92
Q

All of the following are true of the Byzantine emperor

A

They were portrayed as chosen by god
They maintained a permanent war economy
Subjects and to prostrate themselves in front of them
Eventually they became more Greek than Latin

93
Q

During the period of the Roman Empire the Arabian peninsula was dominated by the

A

Bedouins

94
Q

The first Frankish king to be announced in holy ceremony by an agent of the pope was

A

Pepin

95
Q

The Frankish ruler who best symbolized the fusion of Roman, German, and Christian elements was

A

Charlemagne

96
Q

Charlemagne’s most disappointing military campaign came against the

A

Basques

97
Q

The expansion of the carolingian empire under Charlemagne

A

Was most successful against the German tribes to the east

98
Q

The administration of Charlemagne’s carolingian Empire was carried out

A

Without the cup port of the Catholic Church and with the resources of the nobles and his household staff

99
Q

The coronation of Charlemagne in 800mas emperor of the romans

A

Symbolized the fusion of Roman, German, and Christian cultures

100
Q

The carolingian monks

A

Through their copying of manuscripts the works of Latin classical authors were preserved

101
Q

Charlemagne’s carolingian renaissance was characterized by

A

New copies of classical literary works produced in Benedictine monastic scriptoria

102
Q

The carolingian scholar Alcuin is best noted for

A

Helping to lay the foundation for medieval education

103
Q

In the Middle Ages monastic hospitality to travelers was

A

A sacred duty

104
Q

Which was a similarity between medicine in the early Middle Ages and medicine in earlier pagan times

A

In both periods magical rites charms and amulets were used

105
Q

Carolingian society was marked by all of the following

A

The use of bleeding to cure illness
Different patterns of consumption of foodstuffs among rich and poor
The vices of gluttony and drunkenness
Considerable violence

106
Q

What was the name of the treaty that divided the carolingian empire in 843

A

Treaty of Verdun

107
Q

The division of Europe into three kingdoms after the death of Louis the pious led to

A

An incessant struggle between Louis the German Charles the bald and their heirs over disputed territories

108
Q

The Magyars

A

Were originally from Western Asia

109
Q

All of the following were true of the Vikings

A

Their iron weapons and superior shipbuilding were largely responsible for their successful raids
Their raids and settlements aided to the growth of fief-holding
Christianity assimilated them into european civilization
They came from Scandinavia

110
Q

One of the most famous Vikings who discovered Greenland was

A

Erik the red

111
Q

Feudalism of medieval Europe was primarily

A

A complex system of vassalage by which the weak sought protection and sustenance from powerful local nobles

112
Q

The hierarchical fief-holding system in which vassals in turn had vassals owing them services was known as

A

Subinfuedation

113
Q

The major obligation of the lord to the vassal was

A

Economic support and protection either militarily or through grants of land

114
Q

Under feudalism of the early Middle Ages

A

The major obligation of a vassal to his lord was to provide military service

115
Q

The military innovation clearly contributing to the rise of feudal vassalage was

A

The growing importance of cavalry in royal armies

116
Q

In 987 the western Frankish nobility met and elected this man as their king contributing to the formation of a new dynasty to rule France for centuries

A

Hugh Capet

117
Q

Among Otto I’s more successful actions that clearly benefitted the kingship of Germany was

A

Defeat of the Magyars at the battle of Lechfeld in 955 and christianisation of Eastern Europe

118
Q

The English king who helped establish a unified Anglo-Saxon monarchy by defeating the danish army was

A

Alfred the great

119
Q

Manorialism

A

Was an economic system based upon landed estates

120
Q

Which of the following statements was true during the Middle Ages

A

During the early centuries of the Middle Ages trade drastically declined, and by the ninth century luxury goods were brought in from the byzantine empire

121
Q

By the early eleventh century the Byzantine empire

A

Had achieved a new brilliance of power and influence unde rut Macedonians

122
Q

The Slavs

A

Were originally a single people in Central Europe

123
Q

The poles Czechs and Hungarians

A

Were greatly influenced by assimilation into the Catholic Church and Latin culture

124
Q

The ruthless Russian leader responsible for tying Russian political and religious ideals to the Byzantine empire was

A

Vladimir

Greek And Roman (2 decks)

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