Exam Revision (Module 4) Flashcards
Why are amides less reactive towards nucleophiles than esters?
Amides are less electrophilic because the C-N bond of an amide is shorter than the C-O bond of the ester
Is sucrose reducing or non reducing?
Non reducing
Which residue is the glucopyranose residue on sucrose linked to?
Fructofuranose residue
Why is cellulose so stable?
Because of its network of hydrogen bonds
Can humans break down cellulose?
No
What is a better electrophile, ethanal or propanone?
Ethanal
In the mechanistic arrow question, which 3 places must the arrows come from?
Lone pairs, Bonds and Negative charges
When it starts with a C double bond O, the slow step is always the what?
The attack of the nucleophile
What is the number of amides and amines in the antibiotic vancomycin?
7 amides and 2 amines
Which ways do the arrows go for oxidisation and reduction and what does this mean for the electrons?
Oxidation goes to the right, therefore the electrons must be on the right side of the arrow
Reduction goes to the left, therefore the electrons must be on the left side of the arrow
Are co-enzymes catalysts for biochemical reactions? Why or why not?
No, because co enzymes are not catalysts, they just help the enzyme
What do primary alcohols oxidise?
Aldehydes then Carboxylic acid
What do secondary alcohols oxidise?
Ketones
What do tertiary alcohols oxidise?
Nothing
Which bonds are shorter, C-N bonds or C-O bonds?
C-N bonds
