Exam revision

Question 1

Health and wellbeing definition

Answer 1

Health and well-being refer to the state of a person’s physical, mental, social, emotional and spiritual existence characterised by an equilibrium in which the individual feels happy healthy capable and engaged

Question 2

Physical H+W definition

Answer 2

Relates to the functioning of the body and its systems, it includes the physical capacity to perform daily activities

Question 3

Social H+W definition

Answer 3

relates to the ability to form meaningful and satisfying relationships with others and the ability to manage or adapt appropriately to different social situations

Question 4

Emotional H+W definition

Answer 4

relates to the ability to express emotions and feelings in a positive way. it is about the positive management and expression of emotional actions and reactions as well as the ability to display resilience

Question 5

Mental H+W definition

Answer 5

the current state of the mind or brain relating to the ability to think and process information. a mentally healthy brain enables an individual to positively form opinions, make decisions and use logic

Question 6

Spiritual H+W definition

Answer 6

is not material in nature, but relates to the ideas, beliefs values and ethics that arise in the minds and conscience of human beings

Question 7

Dynamic definition

Answer 7

health and wellbeing is constantly changing

Question 8

Subjective definition

Answer 8

optimal health and well-being mean diffrent things to different people, it is influenced by personal beliefs and experiences

Question 9

Examples of H+W as a resource individually

Answer 9

1. promotes positive emotions
2. decreases stress and anxiety
3. reduces healthcare costs
4. increases individual’s ability to live free from pain
5. increases quality of life

Question 10

Examples of H+W as a resource nationally

Answer 10

1. experience greater economic benefits
2. improved life expectancy
3. reduced levels of stress in the community
4. increased participation in social activities

Question 11

Examples of H+W as a resource globally

Answer 11

1. reduced risk of communicable disease
2. increased affordable transportation
3. all people contribute to world peace and security
4. less likely to resort to extreme measures to access resources

Question 12

Prerequisites for health examples (9)

Answer 12

Peace, Shelter, Adequate food intake, income, stable ecosystem, education, sustainability, social justice, equity

Question 13

Health status definition

Answer 13

an individual or population’s overall health taking into account various aspects such as life expectancy, amount of disability and levels of disease risk factors

Question 14

(HALE) Health-adjusted life expectancy definition

Answer 14

a measure of the burden of disease based on life expectancy at birth

Question 15

burden of disease definition

Answer 15

the measure of the impact of disease and injuries, specifically it measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability

Question 16

(DALY) disability-adjusted life years definition

Answer 16

one DALY is equivalent to one year lost due to premature death or the equivalent time of healthy years lost due to disability

Question 17

Factor influencing health status - Smoking

Answer 17

smoking - reduces the amount of oxygen in the blood - body increases blood pressure to account for lack of oxygen - speeds up the process of atherosclerosis - increases mortality from heart attacks (YLL)

Question 18

Factor influencing health status - Alcohol

Answer 18

excessive consumption of alcohol - scarring of the liver tissue - improper function of the liver - leaves toxins unprocessed within the body - cause chronic liver disease cirrhosis - increased mortality

Question 19

Factor influencing health status - underconsumption of vegetables

Answer 19

pregnant mother does not receive enough folate - decreased development of the brain and spinal cord of the baby - increased risk of spina bifida - increased infant mortality rates

Question 20

life expectancy definition

Answer 20

the number of years remaining to an individual at a particular age if death rates do not change

Question 21

public health definition

Answer 21

the ways in which the government monitors, regulates and promotes health status and prevent disease

Question 22

Old public health definition

Answer 22

government actions that focused on changing the physical environment to prevent the spread of disease

Question 23

Examples of old public health

Answer 23

1. provide safe water and improved nutrition
2. improved housing and working conditions
3. sanitation and sewage disposal

Question 24

Old public health policies

Answer 24

1. the establishment of government-funded water and sewage
2. quarantine laws
3. improved food and nutrition
4. provision of antenatal and infant welfare services

Question 25

The biomedical approach to health definition

Answer 25

focuses on the physical or biological aspects of disease and illness, associated with the treatment and cure of disease

Question 26

New (social) model of health definition

Answer 26

expand the traditional focus on individual behaviour change to one that considers the ways in which physical, socio-cultural and political environments impact health

Question 27

Social model of health principals (IDEAR)

Answer 27

1. Involves intersectoral collaboration
2. addresses broader determinants
3. empower individuals and communities
4. acts to enable access to healthcare
   5 acts to reduce social inequities

Question 28

Action areas of the Ottowa charter

Answer 28

1. build healthy public policy
2. strengthen community action
   3 create supportive environments
3. develop personal skills
4. reorient health services

Question 29

5 Australian dietary guidelines

Answer 29

1. to achieve and maintain a healthy weight, be physically active and choose amounts of nutritious foods to meet your individual energy needs
2. enjoy a wide variety of nutritious foods from the five food groups every day and drink plenty of water
3. limit intake of foods containing saturated fats, added salt, added sugar and alcohol
4. encourage, support and promote breastfeeding
5. care for your food, prepare and store it safely