Exam revision Flashcards
Health and wellbeing definition
Health and well-being refer to the state of a person’s physical, mental, social, emotional and spiritual existence characterised by an equilibrium in which the individual feels happy healthy capable and engaged
Physical H+W definition
Relates to the functioning of the body and its systems, it includes the physical capacity to perform daily activities
Social H+W definition
relates to the ability to form meaningful and satisfying relationships with others and the ability to manage or adapt appropriately to different social situations
Emotional H+W definition
relates to the ability to express emotions and feelings in a positive way. it is about the positive management and expression of emotional actions and reactions as well as the ability to display resilience
Mental H+W definition
the current state of the mind or brain relating to the ability to think and process information. a mentally healthy brain enables an individual to positively form opinions, make decisions and use logic
Spiritual H+W definition
is not material in nature, but relates to the ideas, beliefs values and ethics that arise in the minds and conscience of human beings
Dynamic definition
health and wellbeing is constantly changing
Subjective definition
optimal health and well-being mean diffrent things to different people, it is influenced by personal beliefs and experiences
Examples of H+W as a resource individually
- promotes positive emotions
- decreases stress and anxiety
- reduces healthcare costs
- increases individual’s ability to live free from pain
- increases quality of life
Examples of H+W as a resource nationally
- experience greater economic benefits
- improved life expectancy
- reduced levels of stress in the community
- increased participation in social activities
Examples of H+W as a resource globally
- reduced risk of communicable disease
- increased affordable transportation
- all people contribute to world peace and security
- less likely to resort to extreme measures to access resources
Prerequisites for health examples (9)
Peace, Shelter, Adequate food intake, income, stable ecosystem, education, sustainability, social justice, equity
Health status definition
an individual or population’s overall health taking into account various aspects such as life expectancy, amount of disability and levels of disease risk factors
(HALE) Health-adjusted life expectancy definition
a measure of the burden of disease based on life expectancy at birth
burden of disease definition
the measure of the impact of disease and injuries, specifically it measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability
(DALY) disability-adjusted life years definition
one DALY is equivalent to one year lost due to premature death or the equivalent time of healthy years lost due to disability
Factor influencing health status - Smoking
smoking - reduces the amount of oxygen in the blood - body increases blood pressure to account for lack of oxygen - speeds up the process of atherosclerosis - increases mortality from heart attacks (YLL)
Factor influencing health status - Alcohol
excessive consumption of alcohol - scarring of the liver tissue - improper function of the liver - leaves toxins unprocessed within the body - cause chronic liver disease cirrhosis - increased mortality
Factor influencing health status - underconsumption of vegetables
pregnant mother does not receive enough folate - decreased development of the brain and spinal cord of the baby - increased risk of spina bifida - increased infant mortality rates
life expectancy definition
the number of years remaining to an individual at a particular age if death rates do not change
public health definition
the ways in which the government monitors, regulates and promotes health status and prevent disease
Old public health definition
government actions that focused on changing the physical environment to prevent the spread of disease
Examples of old public health
- provide safe water and improved nutrition
- improved housing and working conditions
- sanitation and sewage disposal
Old public health policies
- the establishment of government-funded water and sewage
- quarantine laws
- improved food and nutrition
- provision of antenatal and infant welfare services
