Exam Review geography

Question 1

How old is the earth

Answer 1

4.6 billion years ago

Question 2

Average Temperature of the planet

Answer 2

14C

Question 3

explain the three factors that impact the presence of an atmosphere (size of planet, distance from sun and geological activity)

Answer 3

Small planets cannot hold on to lighter gases due to their weaker gravity, being in the habitable zone allows for the presence of water possibly in the three different states to cycle through an atmosphere, processes such as volcanism release gases into the atmosphere changing what is in it

Question 4

Orbital Radius

Answer 4

the distance between the sun and the Earth’s orbit

Question 5

Orbital Eccentricity

Answer 5

This is when the shape of the Earth’s orbit shifts. this means that the earth at times can be a lot closer or a lot farther depending on the eccentricity of the earth.

Question 6

Supernova

Answer 6

The most powerful explosion in the universe, its a star collapsing or exploding releasing a lot of energy.

Question 7

Habitable Zone

Answer 7

When the planet is far away enough from a star where it isn’t too hot and not super far for it to be too cold, and can support liquid water, it is the Habitibal zone/Goldilocks zone

Question 8

Space Weather

Answer 8

The source of space weather is the Sun. The Sun is a million times larger than Earth and so distant that its light takes eight minutes to reach us. When violent solar
phenomena occur, they create space weather effects on Earth, which can pose a hazard for human activities.

Question 9

Solar Flares

Answer 9

A solar flare is an intense burst of radiation coming from the release of magnetic energy.

Question 10

Coronal mass ejection

Answer 10

A coronal mass ejection (CME) is a large explosion that hurls superheated plasma (electrified gas) into interplanetary space.

Question 11

Coronal Holes

Answer 11

Coronal holes release high-speed streams of plasma that boost the solar wind.

Question 12

Metamorphic Rock

Answer 12

Rocks created by heat and intense pressure

Question 13

Sedimentary Rock

Answer 13

Rocks created from the acculuation of sediments being pushed together

Question 14

Igneous rock

Answer 14

Rock that is created by magma or lava cooling

Question 15

Types of siesmic waves

Answer 15

Primary waves, the fastest waves at the speed of 5km/sec. the next types of waves are Secondary waves they travel about half the speed of primary waves and are the second wave to hit at any other practicular location. then the last waves are surface waves, these waves make the earth shake and are the slowest.

Question 16

Focus

Answer 16

The exact point where the earthquake happened.

Question 17

Epicentre

Answer 17

The exact point directly above where the earthquake happened on the surface

Question 18

Cryosphere

Answer 18

The cryosphere includes all frozen water on Earth, such as ice, snow, glaciers, and permafrost.

Question 19

ice sheet

Answer 19

An ice sheet is a massive, continuous layer of ice covering a large land area An ice sheet must cover an area greater than 50,000 square kilometers

Question 20

alpine glacier

Answer 20

an alpine glacier is ice that forms on a mountain

Question 21

The Köppen Climate Classification

Answer 21

The Köppen Climate Classification is a system that categorizes the world’s climates based on temperature and precipitation patterns

Question 22

Jet Stream

Answer 22

The jet stream is a fast-moving air current; it moves from west to east.
The jet stream helps control weather patterns, influencing the movement of storms and temperature changes.

Question 23

Hadley cell

Answer 23

The Hadley cell is a pattern where warm air rises at the equator, moves high toward the poles, sinks around 30° latitude, and then moves back toward the equator.

Question 24

Nurdles

Answer 24

Nurdles are small plastic pellets that often spill into the ocean during production, transport, or accidents. They are a form of plastic pollution.

Question 25

What will happen if the cryosphere continues to melt?

Answer 25

If the cryosphere continues to melt, it could lead to rising sea levels, loss of habitat for wildlife, more extreme weather, (disrupt the jet stream) and disruptions to ecosystems and human communities.

Question 26

What causes ocean currents?

Answer 26

Ocean currents are caused by wind, Earth’s rotation, temperature, amount of salt, and the ocean’s shape.

Question 27

What causes air movement?