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Gr. 10 Science > Exam Review: Chem > Flashcards

Exam Review: Chem Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a molecule?

A

Two or more atoms that are chemically combined

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2
Q

What is an element?

A

A pure substance that cannot be broken down into any simpler chemical

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3
Q

What is a compound?

A

A pure substance composed of two or more different atoms joined together

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4
Q

What is a particle?

A

Any of the basic units of matter and energy

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5
Q

Atoms vs Ions?

A

Atoms: No charge (neutral), balance of protons and electrons, valence either full/stable or missing/unstable

Ions: Charged, imbalance of protons and electrons, stable, full valence orbits

Both: Single particles, contain protons, neutrons and electrons

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6
Q

What do ions do?

A

They form to fill valence orbits and become stable

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7
Q

Ions that lose electrons…

A

Positive charge, cation

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8
Q

Ions that gain electrons

A

Negative charge, anion

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9
Q

What do negative ions end in?

A

“Ide” eg. Sodium FluorIDE

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10
Q

Non-metal/metal ions tend to gain/lose electrons? Which is which?

A

Metals- tend to have few valence electrons, lose

Non-metals- tend to have more valence electrons, gain

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11
Q

Describe ionic compounds

A

Metal + non-metal
Metals lose electrons
Non-metals gain electrons

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12
Q

How do you name ionic compounds?

A

First is positive, second is negative, criss-cross the numbers, divide to get the lowest subscripts

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13
Q

HOFBrINCl

A 
Hydrogen
Oxygen 
Fluorine
Bromine
Iodine
Nitrogen
Chlorine
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14
Q

What’s a polyatomic ion?

A

An ion made up of more than one ion that acts as a single particle

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15
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

Electrons are shared so that each element can have a full outer orbit

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16
Q

Ionic compound vs Molecular compound

A
  • Ionic bond
  • Metal + Non-metal
  • Give/take electrons
  • Covalent bond
  • 2 non-metals
  • Electrons shared
17
Q

Molecular compound prefixes?

A
  1. Mono
  2. Di
  3. Tri
  4. Tetra
  5. Penta
  6. Hexa
  7. Hepta
  8. Octa
  9. Nona
  10. Deca
18
Q

If there is only one in the first element what do you do? (molecular compound)

A

Omit the prefix

19
Q

How do you draw a Lewis dot diagram?

A
  1. Draw Symbol for element closest to Fluorine
  2. Draw valence electrons with • or x
  3. Add other atom(s) where there are gaps
20
Q

Do ionic compounds dissociate?

A

Yes.
Eg. Na+Cl-
= Na+ , Cl-

Now exist in the water by themselves
(High conductor)
Electrolytes

21
Q

Do molecular compounds dissociate?

A

Does not dissociate, remains together

Low conductor

22
Q

Synthesis Reaction

A

Cu + O2 > CuO

23
Q

Decomposition reaction

A

CuO > Cu + O

24
Q

Double displacement

A

FeS + HCl > FeCl2 + H2S

25
Q

Single displacement

A

Zn + HCl > ZnCl2 + H2

26
Q

Properties of acids and bases?

A

Acids- H+ ion (hydrogen), water soluble, sour, conductors, reacts with metals, carbonates, hydrogen carbonates

Bases- OH- (hydroxide), water soluble, bitter, slippery, conductive, reacts with proteins

27
Q

Can acids and bases be conductors?

A

Yes,they both dissolve in water to form ions

28
Q

How do you name acids?

A
  1. Chemical formula starts with H
  2. Only one other non-metallic element
  3. Add prefix “hydro”
  4. Add suffix “ic”
  5. Add acid at the end

Eg. HCl = Hydrochloric acid

29
Q

What is an oxyacid?

A
  • Contains a polyatomic ion

- Contains oxygen atom

30
Q

How do you name oxyacids?

A

Ends in “ate” - Change to “ic”

Ends in “ite” - Change to “ous”

Add acid on the end

31
Q

How do you name bases?

A
  1. Name of positive metallic ion/polyatomic ion

2. Acid “hydroxide” at end

32
Q

pH scale?

A

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

0- most acidic
14- most basic
7- neutral

33
Q

How much does acidification and basic increase as the pH scale goes up or down?

A

Ten fold

34
Q

Describe a neutralization reaction

A

Acids and bases react to make water and a salt

  • Ionic compound
  • Double displacement reaction
35
Q

What does aqueous mean?

A
  • Chemical in water
  • Dissociates

In water or (aq) means a substance is aqueous

36
Q

What do acids and bases do relating to protons?

A

Acid: gives proton
Base: takes proton

37
Q

What is an atom?

A

The smallest unit of an element

Gr. 10 Science (3 decks)

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