Exam Review Flashcards
Shock is always associated with the
Inadequate tissue perfusion
Mutations occurring in a non-protein coding area of the genome
May exert broad impact
29 yr old female has a history of frequency nosebleeds and anemia thought due to heavy menstrual flow. She presents with multiple petechiae and purpura on her extremities. Further studies of her coagulation factors are normal except for a decrease von Willebrand factor activity. She most likely has a derangement of:
Platelet adhesion
General features associated with autosomal dominant genetic disorders include all of the following except:
Always have 100% penetrance
Mitochondrial mutations in humans tend to affect some tissues more than others. The most likely explanation is:
Some tissues have higher energy requirements than others
… modest bilateral pleural effusions. He is found 1:512 (normal <1:40). If he is later found to have serum urea nitrogen (normal <10). It will most likely be the result of which if the following pathological processes?
Immune complex deposits
Platelet activation results in
A change in platelet shape
The release of platelet granules
Increased platelet adhesiveness
ALL OF THE ABOVE
A 19 year old college sophomore volleyball player comes to see you with knee pain, you notice that this female is over 6 feet tall with remarkably long arms and long skinny fingers. When asked about previous joint injuries she related that she has always been remarkable flexible. Before she returns to play you suggest:
An eye examination
You suspect (the 19 year old) may have an abnormality of:
Fibrillin-1
Infectious processes may be associated with the onset of autoimmune disorder because
The infectious agent has an antigen that mimics a normal self-antigen
The infectious process may alter self-antigens to resemble foreign antigens
The injury associated with the infection may expose new antigens that are normally hidden from the immune system.
ALL THE ABOVE
Which of the following types of emboli will result in widespread mental changes due to CNS deterioration, thrombocytopenia, petechiae, and acute respiratory distress.
Fat embolism
Hyperemia is indicative of
Arteriolar dilation
Working muscle
Inflammation
ALL THE ABOVE
Petechia are indicative of
Increased intravascular pressure
Thrombocytopenia
Clotting factor defect
ALL OF THE ABOVE
A 17 year old Canadian is involved in a snow-mobile wreck in which she drove her machine through the drive-through window of the local Tim Horton’s. She suffered an isolated high thoracic spine injury with a complete spinal cord injury; she is paralyzed and insensate from C8 and below. She is hypotension, tachycardia and has a low urine output. The most appropriate description of her type of shock would be?
Distributive
A Mother has been bringing her child to the clinic on regular bases for follow up. The child has failed to thrive and shows signs of mental retardation, an eye examination shows cataracts in both eyes. This child is most likely to have?
Galactosemia
A 25 year-old woman with amenorrhea has never had menarche. On physical examination, she is 145 cm (4ft, 9 in) tall. She has a
webbed neck, a broad chest, and widely spaced nipples. Strong pulses are palpable in the upper extremities, but there are only
weak pulses in the lower extremities. On an abdominal MR imaging, the ovaries are small, elongated, and tubular. Which of the
following karyotypes is most likely to be present in this patient.
45,X
The irreversible stage of shock is associated with:
Failure of compensatory mechanisms to such an extent that irreversible cellular & tissue injury occurs in vital
organs
The innate immunity involves the following except
Antibody formation
A 50-year-old fire fighter emerges from a burning house with third-degree burns over 70% of his body. The patient expires 24
hours later. Which of the following was the most likely cause of death?
Hypovolemic shock
The initial (Primary) hemostatic plug formed in hemostasis
Consists of activated platelets
Which type mutation almost guarantees an abnormal gene product?
Non-sense mutation
Hypersensitivity to poison ivy is:
Initiated by T-Helper cells.
With respect to disorders due to mitochondrial gene defects:
Only the children of affected females will be effected
The formation of the final hemostatic plug requires all of the following except:
Activation of the intrinsic coagulation cascade
The most important factor in Virchow’s triad of thrombosis is
Endothelial injury/activation
Immune complex mediated hypersensitivity reactions (Type III)
Produce symptoms related to the location of immune complex deposition
A 24-year-old woman with a past medical history of a severe motorcycle crash in which she suffered an open proximal femur
fracture requiring emergent fixation, after her surgery she received a transfusion of 4 uits of blood. 2 years after that she
underwent an emergent C-section for placental abruption at 34 weeks, this necessitated a transfusion again however this time
shortly after beginning the transfusion she developed generalized urticarial, laryngeal edema, dyspnea and wheezing. Her
transfusion reaction involves;
Type I hypersensitivity
You suspect a lab evaluation will most likely reveal antibodies of what class (in relation to the above question)
IgE
The pathogenesis of Systemic sclerosis (Scleroderma) involves:
Vascular injury
An individual with sickle cell disease may
Have siblings who are resistant to malaria
Anaphylaxis can be triggered by cross-linking IgE antibodies to:
Mast cells
A 50-year-old female for the past year has noted that it is more difficult to use the keyboard of her computer because she finds it
hard to move her fingers, though the oints are not painful. She has lost the facial wrinkles that she beginning to develop in middle
age. A skin biopsy is performed an shows extensive dermal fibrosis. These findings are most typical for which of the following?
Systemic sclerosis
The major role of activated Factor XIII in the coagulation cascade is:
Stabilize fibrin networks
Betty White a 93-year old female with a history of at least three previous MIs and subsequent congestive heart failure is found
slumped in your waiting room. On X-ray the heart shadow is enlarged suggestive of cardiac tamponade. Which type of shock
would be least likely?
Obstructive or distributive
Warm feet would indicate the likely type of shock to be
Distributive
A common characteristic of autosomal recessive disorders includes the following except:
All are common in autosomal recessive disorders
The best indicator of the effect of an intervention in the treatment of HIV infection is:
The amount of viral RNA in the blood.
With respect to drug induced Lupus are true except
Disease persist after withdrawal.
A 55-year-old man has had discomfort and swelling of the left leg for the past week. On a physical examination, the leg is slightly
difficult to move, but on palpation, there is no pain. A venogram shows thrombosis of deep left leg veins. Which of the following
mechanism is most likely to cause this condition?
Immobilization
Transudate edema will include the following except:
High concentration of Na
