Exam Review

Question 1

Shock is always associated with the

Answer 1

Inadequate tissue perfusion

Question 2

Mutations occurring in a non-protein coding area of the genome

Answer 2

May exert broad impact

Question 3

29 yr old female has a history of frequency nosebleeds and anemia thought due to heavy menstrual flow. She presents with multiple petechiae and purpura on her extremities. Further studies of her coagulation factors are normal except for a decrease von Willebrand factor activity. She most likely has a derangement of:

Answer 3

Platelet adhesion

Question 4

General features associated with autosomal dominant genetic disorders include all of the following except:

Answer 4

Always have 100% penetrance

Question 5

Mitochondrial mutations in humans tend to affect some tissues more than others. The most likely explanation is:

Answer 5

Some tissues have higher energy requirements than others

Question 6

… modest bilateral pleural effusions. He is found 1:512 (normal <1:40). If he is later found to have serum urea nitrogen (normal <10). It will most likely be the result of which if the following pathological processes?

Answer 6

Immune complex deposits

Question 7

Platelet activation results in

Answer 7

A change in platelet shape
The release of platelet granules
Increased platelet adhesiveness
ALL OF THE ABOVE

Question 8

A 19 year old college sophomore volleyball player comes to see you with knee pain, you notice that this female is over 6 feet tall with remarkably long arms and long skinny fingers. When asked about previous joint injuries she related that she has always been remarkable flexible. Before she returns to play you suggest:

Answer 8

An eye examination

Question 9

You suspect (the 19 year old) may have an abnormality of:

Answer 9

Fibrillin-1

Question 10

Infectious processes may be associated with the onset of autoimmune disorder because

Answer 10

The infectious agent has an antigen that mimics a normal self-antigen
The infectious process may alter self-antigens to resemble foreign antigens
The injury associated with the infection may expose new antigens that are normally hidden from the immune system.
ALL THE ABOVE

Question 11

Which of the following types of emboli will result in widespread mental changes due to CNS deterioration, thrombocytopenia, petechiae, and acute respiratory distress.

Answer 11

Fat embolism

Question 12

Hyperemia is indicative of

Answer 12

Arteriolar dilation
Working muscle
Inflammation
ALL THE ABOVE

Question 13

Petechia are indicative of

Answer 13

Increased intravascular pressure
Thrombocytopenia
Clotting factor defect
ALL OF THE ABOVE

Question 14

A 17 year old Canadian is involved in a snow-mobile wreck in which she drove her machine through the drive-through window of the local Tim Horton’s. She suffered an isolated high thoracic spine injury with a complete spinal cord injury; she is paralyzed and insensate from C8 and below. She is hypotension, tachycardia and has a low urine output. The most appropriate description of her type of shock would be?

Answer 14

Distributive

Question 15

A Mother has been bringing her child to the clinic on regular bases for follow up. The child has failed to thrive and shows signs of mental retardation, an eye examination shows cataracts in both eyes. This child is most likely to have?

Answer 15

Galactosemia

Question 16

A 25 year-old woman with amenorrhea has never had menarche. On physical examination, she is 145 cm (4ft, 9 in) tall. She has a
webbed neck, a broad chest, and widely spaced nipples. Strong pulses are palpable in the upper extremities, but there are only
weak pulses in the lower extremities. On an abdominal MR imaging, the ovaries are small, elongated, and tubular. Which of the
following karyotypes is most likely to be present in this patient.

Answer 16

45,X

Question 17

The irreversible stage of shock is associated with:

Answer 17

Failure of compensatory mechanisms to such an extent that irreversible cellular & tissue injury occurs in vital
organs

Question 18

The innate immunity involves the following except

Answer 18

Antibody formation

Question 19

A 50-year-old fire fighter emerges from a burning house with third-degree burns over 70% of his body. The patient expires 24
hours later. Which of the following was the most likely cause of death?

Answer 19

Hypovolemic shock

Question 20

The initial (Primary) hemostatic plug formed in hemostasis

Answer 20

Consists of activated platelets

Question 21

Which type mutation almost guarantees an abnormal gene product?

Answer 21

Non-sense mutation

Question 22

Hypersensitivity to poison ivy is:

Answer 22

Initiated by T-Helper cells.

Question 23

With respect to disorders due to mitochondrial gene defects:

Answer 23

Only the children of affected females will be effected

Question 24

The formation of the final hemostatic plug requires all of the following except:

Answer 24

Activation of the intrinsic coagulation cascade

Question 25

The most important factor in Virchow’s triad of thrombosis is

Answer 25

Endothelial injury/activation

Question 26

Immune complex mediated hypersensitivity reactions (Type III)

Answer 26

Produce symptoms related to the location of immune complex deposition

Question 27

A 24-year-old woman with a past medical history of a severe motorcycle crash in which she suffered an open proximal femur
fracture requiring emergent fixation, after her surgery she received a transfusion of 4 uits of blood. 2 years after that she
underwent an emergent C-section for placental abruption at 34 weeks, this necessitated a transfusion again however this time
shortly after beginning the transfusion she developed generalized urticarial, laryngeal edema, dyspnea and wheezing. Her
transfusion reaction involves;

Answer 27

Type I hypersensitivity

Question 28

You suspect a lab evaluation will most likely reveal antibodies of what class (in relation to the above question)

Answer 28

IgE

Question 29

The pathogenesis of Systemic sclerosis (Scleroderma) involves:

Answer 29

Vascular injury

Question 30

An individual with sickle cell disease may

Answer 30

Have siblings who are resistant to malaria

Question 31

Anaphylaxis can be triggered by cross-linking IgE antibodies to:

Answer 31

Mast cells

Question 32

A 50-year-old female for the past year has noted that it is more difficult to use the keyboard of her computer because she finds it
hard to move her fingers, though the oints are not painful. She has lost the facial wrinkles that she beginning to develop in middle
age. A skin biopsy is performed an shows extensive dermal fibrosis. These findings are most typical for which of the following?

Answer 32

Systemic sclerosis

Question 33

The major role of activated Factor XIII in the coagulation cascade is:

Answer 33

Stabilize fibrin networks

Question 34

Betty White a 93-year old female with a history of at least three previous MIs and subsequent congestive heart failure is found
slumped in your waiting room. On X-ray the heart shadow is enlarged suggestive of cardiac tamponade. Which type of shock
would be least likely?

Answer 34

Obstructive or distributive

Question 35

Warm feet would indicate the likely type of shock to be

Answer 35

Distributive

Question 36

A common characteristic of autosomal recessive disorders includes the following except:

Answer 36

All are common in autosomal recessive disorders

Question 37

The best indicator of the effect of an intervention in the treatment of HIV infection is:

Answer 37

The amount of viral RNA in the blood.

Question 38

With respect to drug induced Lupus are true except

Answer 38

Disease persist after withdrawal.

Question 39

A 55-year-old man has had discomfort and swelling of the left leg for the past week. On a physical examination, the leg is slightly
difficult to move, but on palpation, there is no pain. A venogram shows thrombosis of deep left leg veins. Which of the following
mechanism is most likely to cause this condition?

Answer 39

Immobilization

Question 40

Transudate edema will include the following except:

Answer 40

High concentration of Na