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Bio: Grade 12 > exam review > Flashcards

exam review Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

glycolysis

A

in cytoplasm

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2
Q

pyruvate oxidation:

A

mitochondria

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3
Q

krebs:

A

mitochondria matrix

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4
Q

etc

A

mitochondrial inner membrane

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5
Q

photosynthesis

A

turns light energy into chemical energy

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6
Q

photosynthesis equation

A

6 co2 + 6H20 > C6H12O6 + 6O

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7
Q

light rxns

A
  • light removes e- from h20
  • O2 given off
  • ATP & NADPH produced
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8
Q

dark rxns

A
  • co2 reduces to C6H12O6
  • ATP & NADPH used
  • produce O2
  • concert ADP & NADP+ to energy carriers
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9
Q

dna replication

A

process where dna copies itself during cell division

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10
Q

dna replication steps:

A
  1. initiation
  2. elongation
  3. termination
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11
Q

initiation

A
  • proteins bind
  • helicase unwinds helix
  • replication forks form
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12
Q

elongation:

A

primer sequence added to RNA

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13
Q

termination

A

-dna form stopped (physically by protein bind or termination site sequence)

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14
Q

epigenetics:

A

tags that tell genes to turn in or off

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15
Q

in epigenetics experiences…

A

cause epigenetics profiles of cell type to develop different. in the end, hundreds of cell types form with distinct identity

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16
Q

pituitary hormones:

A
  • growth hormones
  • thyroid stimulating
  • follicle stimulating
  • oxytocin
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17
Q

nervous system:

A

network of nerve cells and fibers to transmit nerve impulses between body parts

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18
Q

autonomic nervous system:

A

supplies glans and muscles to influence fxn of internal organs

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19
Q

motor nerve:

A
  • central nervous system

- sends motor skills to muscles from spinal cord

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20
Q

sympathetic nervous system:

A

preps body for intense physical activity

21
Q

parasympathetic

A

relaxes body / slows high energy fxns

22
Q

luteinizing hormone

A

produced by pituitary gland

-controls reproductive system

23
Q

progesterone:

A

released by corpus leteum in ovary

-plays role in mistrial cycle, pregnancy, embryogenesis

24
Q

cortisol:

A

steroid hormone. regulates metabolism & immune responses

25
Q

5 hormones

A
  • estrogen
  • testosterone
  • growth hormone
  • melatonin
  • serotonin
26
Q

estrogen:

A

promotes development and maintenance of female body characteristics

27
Q

testosterone

A

stimulates development of male sexual characteristics (mainly produced in testes but also in ovaries)

28
Q

growth hormones

A

stimulates growth in animal or plant cell

-secreted in pituitary gland

29
Q

melatonin:

A

regulates sleep and wake cycles

30
Q

serotonin:

A

stabilizes mood, social behavior, appetite, memory

31
Q

negative feedback:

A
  • occurs when end product in system regulates system that produced it
  • regulates back to original state
32
Q

positive feedback:

A
  • when end product reinforces the change

- moves the system even further from steady state

33
Q

mrna

A

carries genetic info from DNA to RIBOSOME. specifies AA sequence

34
Q

translation

A
  • first step in gene expression
  • copies a genes DNA sequence to make RNA molecule
  • attached to ribosome to code for proteins
35
Q

thermoregulation:

A

allows body to maintain internal temperature.

  • designed to return body to homeostasis (back to equilibrium)
  • stabilized by hypothalamus and endocrine production
36
Q

effector

A

muscle, gland, or organ capable of responding to a stimulus

37
Q

ex of effector

A

smooth muscles in esophagus for peristalsis

38
Q

kidney:

A
  • filters blood / eliminates waste
  • balances electrolyte levels
  • controls blood pressure
  • stimulates production of red blood cells
39
Q

cerebrum:

A

largest part divided in to two hemispheres

40
Q

hypothalamus

A

releases hormones and regulates body temp

41
Q

pituitary gland:

A

stores hormones

42
Q

medulla:

A

controls responses

43
Q

stem:

A

connects spinal cord

44
Q

cerebellum

A

motor skills

45
Q

action potential

A

change in electrical potential w impulse on membrane of muscle or nerve cells

46
Q

translation

A

ribosomes synthesize proteins after process of transcription of DNA

47
Q

dehydration

A

links monomers together into polymers by releasing water

48
Q

hydration

A

breaks polymers into monomers using water

Bio: Grade 12 (4 decks)

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