Exam Review Flashcards
Influential leader of Rome who was stabbed to death
Julius Caesar
Political group of three
Triumvirate
Caesars in some way shape or form adopted son
Augustus
“Roman Peace”
Pax Romana
Model and leader of Christianity
Jesus
Follower of Jesus
Apostle
Spread the word of the lord through messages
Paul
Made christianity legal in Rome
Constantine
Leader of a local group of churches
bishop
dispersal of Jews
diaspora
First bishop
Peter
Mix of roman and greek culture
Greco-Roman culture
City hurried by volcano
Pompeii
Roman Poet
Virgil
Arches made to make “clean” water flow to cities
Aqueducts
Bless the rains down in
Africa
Tribes that invaded Rome
Germanic tribes
citizens get to vote for their leaders
Republic
Upper class Romans
Patrician
Lower class Romans
Plebeians
protected rights of plebeians
Tribunes
commanded army and direct government
Consuls
Aristocratic branch of Romes government
Senate
Leader with absolute power
Dictator
Romans army ranks
Legions
Rome vs Carthage
Punic wars
Brilliant military strategist in Punic Wars
Hannibal
A member of a group that has no permanent home, Wandering from place to place in search of food
Nomad
Specially trained scientists who work like detectives to uncover the story of prehistoric peoples. They analyze bones and artifacts. Bones show how people might have looked like, how tall, the types of food they ate, diseases they may have had, and how long they lived.
Archaeologists
Human-made objects, such as tools or jewelry. Items might hint at how people dressed, what work they did, or how they worshipped.
Artifacts
Scientists that study culture. They examine the artifacts at archaeological digs. They recreate a picture of early people’s cultural behavior.
Anthropologist
A people’s unique way of life
Culture
Old Stone Age. The oldest stone chopping tools date back to this era.
Paleolithic age
New Stone Age. Learned to polish stone tools, make pottery, grow crops and raise animals.
Neolithic age
Who discovered homo habilis?
The Leakeys
Means “Upright Man”
Believed to be more intelligent and adaptable
Developed technology
Made more sophisticated tools
First hominids to migrate
First to use fire
May have developed the beginnings of spoken language
Homo Erectus
ways of applying knowledge, tools, and inventions to meet needs
Technology
Means “Wise Men”
Name for modern humans
Developed from and resembled homo erectus, but had much larger brains
Homo sapiens
Found bone fragments in Germany Tried to explain and control their world Developed religious beliefs and performed rituals Held funeral Made tools Vanished
Neanderthals
highly mobile people who moved from place to place foraging, for new sources of food
Nomads
prehistoric hunter-gathered increased food supply by inventing tools
Hunter Gatherers
agricultural revolution
beginnings of farming
new constant source of food
farming was a better alternative to hunting/gathering
Neolithic Revolution
written language, advanced cities, improved technology, complex institutions, and speialized workers
5 Characteristics of Civilization
arc of fertile land in southwest Asia where civilization began
Fertile Crescent
two rivers where the earliest civilization began
Tigris and Euphrates
first written language that developed in Mesopotamia
Cuneiform
government that does not separate religion and government
theocracy
earliest surviving written code of law
Hammurabi’s code
Egyptian civilization began along this river
Nile River
writing system developed in Egypt
HIEROGLYPHICS
king of Egypt
Pharaoh
taming wild animals and planting seeds for crops
domestication
the big change to farming
Agricultural revolution
Skilled workers
artisans
People skilled in writing
scribes
burial tombs for pharaohs and their bodies were mummified
Egyptian pyramids
The emergence of many skilled jobs beyond just farming
Specilization
The westernmost protrusion of Asia
Asia Minor
the belief in or worship of many gods and goddesses
Polytheism
A boundary in society that separates communities whose social economic structures, opportunities for success, conventions, styles, are so different that they have substantially different psychologies. Spreading of Culture
Cultural Division
A city state in ancient Mesopotamia
Ur
The people of Sumer who live in southern Mesopotamia
Sumerians
He was a great conqueror but a harsh leader. He also named places after him that modeled Athens
Alexander the Great
The place where democracy was invented and they once ruled trade of the Mediterranean
Athens
The mountain where parthenon is
Acropolis
The symbol of Athens and its accomplishments
Parthenon
Athens sworn enemies whom they conquered and where conquered by.
Persia
An ancient Greek city-state and rival of Athens . was known for its militaristic government and for its educational system designed to train children to be devoted citizens and brave soldiers. They defeated Athens in the Peloponnesian War. abducted children when they turned six.
Sparta
War between Sparta and Greece
War between Sparta and Athens
was one of the most famous Greek philosophers. He fought in a war to prove his loyalty to athens. After the war, he taught many of the youth of Athens on how to question things to an extreme extent. He was scapegoated and put on trial for corruption of Athens youth and not believing in the gods of Athens. He was put to death by Hemlock but had the chance to escape. But, because of his loyalty to Athens, he accepted his fate.
Socrates
was the founder of the Platonist school of thought. His teacher was Socrates himself and was one of Socrates’ most well known students. He is well known for his Mathematics and Astronomy. and Plato died of natural causes in the year of 347 B.C.
Plato
was born 384 B.C. Both of his parents were part of traditional medical families. His parents died when he was young. He was Plato’s most famous student. He helped Alexander The Great study. His two children were Nicodemus and Pythias. He died to a stomach disease in 322 B.C.
Aristotle
Athens alliance
Delian league
Athens patron goddess, and goddess of wisdom
Athena
Spartans patron god, god of war
Ares
ruled by the people, with some people more powerful than others
democracy / kind of Communism though
He came from a very wealthy class; his grandfather performed a task for the king.
Cleisthenes
What Greek city seemed the most likely to dominate all others politically during Cleisthenes lifetime?
Spartans
Sparked hope in the war against the Persians
Battle of Marathon
Suggested to win the battle by sea
Thermisticles
Killed Alexander
Sickness
Alexander conquered _____________ with no conflicted
Egypt
where Alexander was born and where he ruled
Macedonia
What did the Spartans force the Athenians to do after they defeated them?
They forced the Athenians to destroy their fleet and take down their wall.
What did the Spartans use in their navy and what did this do to the Athenians
To blockade the Athenians from the trade routes
What additional cargo did the grain boats that fed the city of Athens bring with them at the end of the first year of war?
A plague
What was Socrates favorite subject of study? What does Socrates think people should make every decision based on?
Socrates favorite subject was to study people. He thought every decision was based on reason and logic, what is good and what is wrong.
What were the favorite subjects of the Athenian theater, and what was the typical plot line of these stories?
-Tragedy and Comedy. The typical plot lines were when great men lost everything that they owned and them falling from great heights.
What happened to the Athenian generals who could not pick up their men who had fallen overboard in battle? Who was the only Athenian who stood up to defend the generals?
-They were thrown into prison. Because of the storm, they had to head straight back to Athens. Socrates was the only one who stood up for the generals. The generals were still condemned to death by drinking Hemlock.
What does Themistocles convince the Athenian citizens to do and what ends up happening to the city of Athens?
He convinced everyone to go into exile, and then all the temples of Athens were burned by the Persians. Then He lured the persians up the straight to where they could not maneuver and the Greeks won the battle
