Chapter 1 Flashcards
A member of a group that has no permanent home, Wandering from place to place in search of food
Nomad
Specially trained scientists who work like detectives to uncover the story of prehistoric peoples. They analyze bones and artifacts. Bones show how people might have looked like, how tall, the types of food they ate, diseases they may have had, and how long they lived.
Archaeologists
Human-made objects, such as tools or jewelry. Items might hint at how people dressed, what work they did, or how they worshipped.
Artifacts
Scientists that study culture. They examine the artifacts at archaeological digs. They recreate a picture of early people’s cultural behavior.
Anthropologists
A people’s unique way of life
Culture
Old Stone Age. The oldest stone chopping tools date back to this era.
Paleolithic Age
New Stone Age. Learned to polish stone tools, make pottery, grow crops and raise animals.
Neolithic Age
Who discovered homo habilis?
The Leakeys
Means “Upright Man”
Believed to be more intelligent and adaptable
Developed technology
Made more sophisticated tools
First hominids to migrate
First to use fire
May have developed the beginnings of spoken language
Homo Erectus
ways of applying knowledge, tools, and inventions to meet needs
Technology
Means “Wise Men”
Name for modern humans
Developed from and resembled homo erectus, but had much larger brains
Homo sapiens
Found bone fragments in Germany Tried to explain and control their world Developed religious beliefs and performed rituals Held funeral Made tools Vanished
Neanderthals
highly mobile people who moved from place to place foraging, for new sources of food
Nomads
prehistoric hunter-gathered increased food supply by inventing tools
Hunter-Gatherers
agricultural revolution
beginnings of farming
new constant source of food
farming was a better alternative to hunting/gathering
Neolithic Revolution
written language, advanced cities, improved technology, complex institutions, and speialized workers
5 Characteristics of Civilization
arc of fertile land in southwest Asia where civilization began
Fertile Cresent
two rivers where the earliest civilization began
Tigris and Euphrates
first written language that developed in Mesopotamia
Cuneiform
government that does not separate religion and government
theocracy
earliest surviving written code of law
Hammurabi’s Code
Egyptian civilization began along this river
Nile River
writing system developed in Egypt
hieroglyphics
king of Egypt
pharaoh
taming wild animals and planting seeds for crops
domestication
the big change to farming
Agricultural Revolution
Skilled workers
artisans
People skilled in writing
scribes
burial tombs for pharaohs and their bodies were mummified
Egyptian Pyramids
The emergence of many skilled jobs beyond just farming
specialization
The westernmost protrusion of Asia
Asia Minor
the belief in or worship of many gods and goddesses
Polytheism
A boundary in society that separates communities whose social economic structures, opportunities for success, conventions, styles, are so different that they have substantially different psychologies. Spreading of Culture
Cultural division
A city state in ancient Mesopotamia
Ur
The people of Sumer who live in southern Mesopotamia
Sumerians
