Exam Review Flashcards
How many sigfigs are in 2.5002 g?
5
How many sigfigs are in 0.00650?
3
How many sigfigs are in 5001g?
4
How many sigfigs are in 0.00200300 mol?
6
How do you round sig figs when multiplying?
Round to the value with the lowest number of sig figs
How do you round sigfigs when adding or subtracting?
Lowest number of decimal sig figs
Define sublime
change directly into vapor when heated, typically forming a solid deposit again on cooling.
Define triple point
the temperature and pressure at which the solid, liquid, and vapor phases of a pure substance can coexist in equilibrium.
Define sublimate
a solid deposit of a substance that has sublimed.
Another term for sublime
Increasing the volume of a given amount of gas at a constant temperature causes the pressure to ? Because ?
Decrease, the molecules are striking a larger area with the same force
As the temperature of a fixed volume of gas increases, the pressure of the gas will ? In a ? Relationship.
Increase, directly proportional
The volume of a gas is reduced from 4 litres to 0.5 litres while the temperature is held constant. The new pressure of the gas
A. Decreases to 1/4 its original value
B. Is reduced by 1/2
C. Is increased 8x
D. Remains unchanged
C. Is increased 8x
Which of the following changes would NOT cause an increase in the pressure of a gaseous system?
A. The container is made larger
B. Additional amounts of the same gas are added to the container
C. The temperature is increased
D. All of the above
A. The container is made larger
Explain how a water molecules structure is allowed to dissolve in ionic compounds
-shared a pair of electrons between hydrogen and oxygen atoms pulled closer to the oxygen atom due to higher electronegativity, causing the O atom to be slightly more negatively charged than the H atoms. This allows the molecule to attract to the + and - ions of a Crystal and solvated it
When a solid solute is able to dissolve into a liquid solvent, its considered ?
Soluble
When a solid solute is unable to dissolve into a liquid solvent, it is considered ?
Insoluble
Explain how temperature and pressure affect the solubility of:solids in solution
increased temp. = increased KE = Increased solubility
Increased pressure = no charge
Explain how temperature and pressure affect the solubility of: gases in solution
Increased temp = decreased solubility
Increased pressure = increased solubility
Define saturated
No more solute can dissolve. Rate of dissolving= rate of recrystalizing
Define unsaturated
More solute can dissolve in solvent. Rate of dissolving > rate of recrystalizing
Define supersaturated
More solute than can normally be found specific volume of solvent at set temperature
Define the boiling point of water and explain how it changes as a result of adding a solute.
B.P: when vapour pressure equals atm. Pressure
Adding a solute decreases vapour pressure (solute particles take us space @ surface) B.P. Increases b/c you need to add more heat to bring the vapour pressure up to meet atm pressure
Define the freezing point of water and explain why and how it changes as a result of adding a solute
F.P: when liquid changes to solid
Adding a solute gets in the way of crystal formation causing the F.P. To decrease
Name the first 10 alkanes
Methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane
What is the formula for percent composition?
% by mass of element = mass of element/mass of compound x 100%
If you know the chemical formula of a compound how can percent composition be calculated(formula)?
%by mass of element= mass of element in 1 mol compound/ molar mass of compound x 100%
Define kinetic energy
The energy an object has because of its ratio
Define vacuum
A space where no particles of matter exist
Define specific heat capacity
The quantity of a substance required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of substance by 1 degree Celsius
What’s the formula for molarity(concentration)
Molarity= moles of solute/ litres of solution
