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Physics: Grade 11 > Exam Review > Flashcards

Exam Review Flashcards

1
Q

Types of magnets

A

Are either permanent or temporary

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2
Q

Magnets:

A

Objects that produce a magnetic field

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3
Q

Ferromagnetic material:

A

Iron, cobalt, and alloys of them

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4
Q

Magnetic field:

A
  • Distribution of magnetic force in the region of a magnet
  • stringer near magnet & poles
  • forms loops of line which do not cross
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5
Q

Soft ferromagnetic material:

A

Remains magnetic only in presence of b field

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6
Q

Hard ferromagnetic materials:

A

Remains magnetic after b field has been removed

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7
Q

Demagnetizations occurs when:

A

A magnet is physically disturbed or heated to a very high temp

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8
Q

Magnetic field is directed from:

A

N —> S outside magnets
And
S —> N inside magnets

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9
Q

What are dipoles:

A

Smaller magnets inside magnets

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10
Q

Each dipole can interact with each other if:

A
  • the dipoles line up in a single direction

- small magnetic domains are created (like little bar magnets)

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11
Q

What happens to the domains in a strong magnetic field:

A

The small magnetic domains line up forming 1 large magnet (with n & s poles)

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12
Q

Breaking a magnet in 2 results in:

A

The domains remaining aligned and 2 new magnets r formed

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13
Q

Disrupting the alignment of the domains (so dipoles are randomly distributed) results in:

A

Demagnetization

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14
Q

Permeability:

A

Ferromagnetic material have high magnetic permeability meaning the the ability to enhance magnetic field (ex: magnetic keepers + electromagnetic cores)

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15
Q

Oersted principle:

A

Charge moving through a conductor produces a circular magnetic field arlunf the conductor.

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16
Q

How does electric charge flow in Electron current flow:

A

(-) —> (+) side of battery

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17
Q

How does electric charge flow in conventional current flow:

A

(+) —> (-) side of the battery

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18
Q

A permeable core can:

A

Enhance magnetic strength (depending on the core)

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19
Q

Cooling wire Changes:

A

The magnetic field strength

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20
Q

Motor principle:

A

When a current carrying Conductor is placed or located in an external magnetic field the conductor experiences a force that is perpendicular to both itself and the external magnet

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21
Q

How does a motor work

A

When electricity is turned on the current flows through the wire. The wire experiences a force causing it to move in a direction perpendicular to the magnetic field

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22
Q

Motor principle explanation:

A
  • Magnetic field produced around the current carrying conductor interacts with the external magnetic field of the magnet.
  • the 2 fields cause the wire to experience a force
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23
Q

Farradays law:

A

Moving or changing the strength of a magnetic field near a conductor causes (induced) current to glow in the conductor

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24
Q

Actions resulting in current being produced:

A
  • moving a conductor through the b field
  • moving a b field near a conductor
  • changing the strength of a b field near a stationary conductor
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25
Factors affecting size of induced current:
1. #of coils (⬆️ turns = ⬆️ induced current) 2. Rate of change of motion of inducing b field (⬆️ rate = ⬆️ induced current) 3. Strength of inducing b field (⬆️ magnetic strength = ⬆️ induced current
26
Generators consist of:
A turbine, generator, Strong magnets and coils of wire
27
Generators convert:
Kinetic energy to electrical energy
28
Generator:
Is reverse to an electric motor. Uses motion to produce electricity
29
An electric motor uses:
Electricity to produce motion
30
Once electricity is produced it:
Is transmitted to ur home over transmission lines and is converted to a lower voltage & then into our homes
31
Ohm’s law=
V = IR
32
Power: (magnetism & electricity equation)
P = VI = I^2R
33
Kinematics:
The study of motion. Deals with how objects move without reference to the forces or agents that cause motion
34
Basics of motion:
- measurement / calculation (skills) - uniform & accelerated motion (experimental and mathematical) - vectors and scalars
35
Vectors:
Values/ measurements that both have direction and magnitude (ex: position, displacement, velocity)
36
Scalars:
Values and measurements That I have on the magnitude. There is no reference to direction (ex: distance & speed)
37
Vector quantities are represented as:
Arrows whose lengths are scaled to match the magnitude of the quantity and the direction is measured
38
Position:
How far object is from origin (reference point) and the direction
39
Uniform motion is shown:
By a trend line on a position time graph
40
Displacement =
(Delta)d = d2 - d1
41
Uniform acceleration is a:
Vector
42
Uniform acceleration:
The speeding up or slowing down or change in direction of an object. A is measured as the change in speed in a given amount of time.
43
Uniform means:
(Constant) acceleration that is not changing
44
Dynamics:
Study of why things move
45
Dynamics focuses on:
The forces that cause objects to change their state of motion m. (Sped up, slow down, and change direction)
46
Forces:
Cause a push or pull action & cause things to change their state of motion
47
Forces have:
- magnitude - direction (moves a vector quantity) - (measured in Newton’s (N))
48
4 fundamental forces:
1. Gravity 2. Weak nuclear 3. Electromagnetic 4. Strong nuclear
49
Gravity is:
Very weak. Attractive only
50
Weak nuclear is:
10^25 x stronger than gravity) inside the nucleus. Attractive and repulsive
51
Electromagnetic:
(10^36 stronger than gravity) includes electric charges, magnetism, light. Attractive and repulsive
52
Strong nuclear is:
(10^38 stronger than gravity) holds the nucleus of an atom together. Attractive or repulsive forces
53
Newton’s 1st law:
An object at rest tends to stay at rest, an object in motion tends to stay in motion & only changed if an external force acts on it
54
Inertia:
Measure of an objects resistance to change
55
Mass is a measure of
Inertia
56
More mass =
More inertia (more resistance to change in motion)
57
v = 0 and a = 0 if
An object stays at rest (a = 0 if object moves in a constant speed)
58
Newton’s 2nd law:
Describes a mathematical relationship between the unbalanced / net force applied to an object, the mass of the object + retina acceleration of the object
59
Unbalanced forces cause
Acceleration of an object
60
More force means
More acceleration
61
More mass means less
Acceleration
62
How to calculate gs:
Gs= a —— Force impact (During impact)
63
If mass ⬆️, a is constant, force...:
Force goes up
64
If mass ⬇️, a is constant, force ...:
Force goes down
65
Force = 0 and a = 0 if..
1. Object stays at rest 2. Object keeps moving at a constant speed (Forces are balanced)
66
Mass:
Property of inertia. The “stuff” that makes up objects
67
Weight :
Force of gravity acting on a mass (N)
68
Volume:
Physical space an object occupies
69
Density:
Ratio of an objects mass to its volume
70
D=
D= m/v
71
Newton’s 3rd law:
For every force there exists an equal & opposite reaction forces (force exerted in each body is equal to size but opposite in direction) (the f acts on different bodies)
72
The forces exerted between 2 objects act..
On each body independently
73
Normal force is a result of:
Newton’s 3rd law
74
3 zero work cases:
1. If no force is acting on the object 2. If no displacement was made 3. If force and displacement are perpendicular to eachother than no work is done (theta= 90•)
75
Kinetic energy is:
The work needed to accelerate an object of a given mass from rest to another speed
76
Ek is dependent on
Speed and mass of object
77
Gravitational potential energy is
Energy stored in an object due to its height above a reference point in an area where the force if gravity can act on it to make it fall (work is done by lifting a mass from start position to a new height)
78
Conservation of energy:
In a closed system the total amount of mechanical energy does not change (remains constant) + is only transformed from one form to another
79
Perpetual:
Forever
80
Perpetual motion:
Is the idea that 0 energy input can b out into a machine to work and move forever
81
2nd law of thermodynamics (entropy):
- perpetual motion is theoretically impossible | - in energy transfer some energy is always lost to random motion
82
Energy loss:
Energy transferred into unusable forms. It is not really lost. Just theoretically
83
Forms of energy loss:
Frictional heat, sound, deformation ( crumpling, bending, flexing, etc.), light (radiation), heat
84
total mechanical energy equation is
ET = Eg + Ek
85
Heat:
Energy of motion (or kinetic energy of matter at the atomic and molecular levels)
86
E released + e absorbed =
E lost = - E gained | mc(delta)T = -mc(delta)T
87
Transverse waves particles move:
Up and down
88
Longitudinal waves particles move
Side to side
89
How does wave energy move in transverse and longitudinal waves
Wave energy moves at very specific speeds
90
What is wave speed dependent on for longitudinal and transverse waves
They r dependent on the type of medium the wave is travel long through. (Not on the amount of energy or amplitude)

Physics: Grade 11 (4 decks)

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