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PMY > Exam Review > Flashcards

Exam Review Flashcards

1
Q

Define the term agonist

A

a drug that runs about a specific action by binding with the appropriate receptor

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2
Q

what is an OTC drug?

A

Over the counter, requires no prescription

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3
Q

List four sources of drugs

A

plant, animal, mineral, artificial

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4
Q

What is the sequence of events that a drug undergoes in the body from administration to excretion?

A

Absorption, Distribution, Localization, Biotransformation, Elimination

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5
Q

Most drug excretion occurs via the:

A

kidney and bladder

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6
Q

Once a drug has been biotransformed in the liver it is called a:

A

Metabolite

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7
Q

_________ is approved for use in lactating dairy animals

A

Ceftiofur

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8
Q

__________ can cause staining of teeth in young animals

A

Tetracycline

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9
Q

_________ should never be given IV to horses as it causes shock

A

Oxytetracycline

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10
Q

Aminoglycosides are _____ toxic and _______ toxic

A

nephrotoxic and ototoxic (inner ear)

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11
Q

Griseofulvin is used to treat ______

A

dermatophytic fungal infection of skin

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12
Q

What is the order of structures oxygen will pass from the environment to the alveoli

A

Nostrils, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, left and right bronchi, left and right lungs, bronchioles, alveoli

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13
Q

What are the 3 basic defence mechanisms of the respiratory tract

A

Nasal cavity: hair helps filter out particles Reflexes: cough, sneeze Mucociliary clearance: mucus layer on epithelial lining helps trap foreign debris

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14
Q

Expectorants are used for what type of cough?

A

productive cough

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15
Q

Acetylcysteine is administered in what way? What type of medication should be given prior?

A

Nebulization. Bronchodilator should be given first to open up the bronchioles and reduce irritation that Acetylcysteine produces

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16
Q

What is the mechanism of action of antitussives?

A

Suppress cough by depressing the cough centre in the brain

17
Q

The antibiotic of choice killed the organisms and did not harm the patient. The bacteria is ________ to the antibiotic

A

Sensitive

18
Q

The antibiotic of choice either did not kill the organism or harmed the patient in the process. The bacteria is _________ to the antibiotic.

A

Resistant

19
Q

What are 3 natural barriers a drug must cross

A

Blood brain barrier, CSF, eye

20
Q

What does it mean if a bacteria has Colonized?

A

The organisms are resistant and won’t be killed by the antibiotic of choice

21
Q

What are 5 ways in which antimicrobials can fight bacteria?

A
  1. disruption of cell wall 2. damage cell membrane 3. interfere with protein synthesis 4. inhibition of nucleic acid production 5. disruption of metabolic activity
22
Q

What is antibiotic residue?

A

presence of chemical or its metabolites in animal tissue or food products

23
Q

How does antibiotic residue in animals contribute to bacterial resistance in humans?

A

Antibiotic residue in food production animals is then consumed by humans and as we get small doses over a lifetime of meat consumption we are slowly allowing the bacteria in our bodies to become resistant to doses of this antibiotic

24
Q

One thing that helps a drug penetrate the site of infection vs one thing that helps

A

inflammation vs abscess

25
Q

Cephalosporins are ______ by products

A

fungal

26
Q

Cephalosporins are susceptible to beta lactamase (true or false)

A

true (Cephalosporinase)

27
Q

True or false. Beta lactamase, cephalosporinase and penicillinase are all the same thing

A

true

28
Q

What is Betalactamase? What does it do?

A

It is an enzyme produced by bacteria that’s purpose is to break apart the Beta-Lactum ring which is a crucial part of the Penicillin molecule. Without the ring it is useless against bacteria. Beta-Lactamase is also known as Penicillinase or Cephalosporinase.

29
Q

Penicillins work by interfering with the development of cell walls of bacteria. This means they are ineffective on adult cells. (true or false)

A

true

30
Q

Clavamox is a combination of:

A

Clavulanic acid and Amoxicillin

31
Q

What is the only large animal Penicillin

A

Synergistin (active drugs are ampicillin trihydrate and sulbactum benzathine

32
Q

Penicillins are quite safe compared to other antibiotics in animals and humans. Why?

A

Penicillins work by destroying cell walls and mammalian cells do not have cell walls

33
Q

What is the precaution with using Penicillin or Cephalosporin with a Bacteriostatic drug?

A

You cannot do this because penicillin and cephalosporin work by destroying developing cell walls. Bacteriostatic drugs inhibit the growth/development of cells (and their cell walls) therefore we are creating resistance by using Penicillin when it is useless.

34
Q

The higher the number of Generation, the _______ the resistance to beta lactamase

A

higher

35
Q

which type of syringe does not have dead space

A

insulin

36
Q

is the rectal route realistic in veterinary medicine?

A

yes

37
Q

What is the common trade name used for Metronidazole?

A

Flagyl

38
Q

U/F granules will have a greater absorption than other types of Griseofulvin (true or false)

A

true

39
Q
A

PMY (4 decks)

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