Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A&P 1 > exam review 2 > Flashcards

exam review 2 Flashcards

1
Q

hirsutism

A

excessive secretion of androgens from an adrenal tumor resulting in excessive hairiness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

striae

A

silvery white scars left from extreme stretching of skin causing dermal tears

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

alopecia

A

hair thinning in both sexes after age 40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

craniosynostosis

A

birth defect in which one or more sutures close too early causing asymmetrical brain and skull growth due to an increase in cranial pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

koilonychia

A

“spoon nails” (concave), sign of hypochromatic anemia (chronic iron deviancy) treatment is iron supplements or consume more foods with iron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

1st degree burn

A

only epidermis is damaged
sympomts as with acute inflammation (heat, redness, pain, swelling)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

2nd degree burn

A

epidermis and upper part of dermis are damaged
same symptoms as 1st but with blisters
little or no scarring
heals in 3-4 wks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

3rd degree burn

A

full thickness burn
damage to full thickness of epidermis and dermis
appears gray-white, cherry red or black
slow healing may need skin graft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

melanin

A

produced by melanocytes that is packaged into melanosomes which are transferred to keratinocytes to protect nucleus from UV damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

stratum granulosum

A

keratinocytes appear grainy
flatten and fill with keratin
granules secrete glycolipids
waterproofs cells from the outside
*most superficial layer of living cells because it is too far from the blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

mucous membrane

A

lines the nasal cavity and consists of mucus-secreting cells and epithelium that propels the mucus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

serous membrane

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

hair growth phases

A

anagen phase
catagen phase
telogen phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

anagen phase

A

active phase, new hair growth production
2-6 yrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

catagen phase

A

(transition phase) marks end of the active phase
1-2 wks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

telogen phase

A

resting period for the follicle
5-6 wks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

bone tissue

A

classified of connective tissue
also known as lamellae
compact bone
spongy bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

appositional growth

A

how bones widen
osteoblasts in the periosteum add compact bone to outer surface
increases width of diaphysis
bones remodeled by resorption
osteoclasts resorb excess bone from the outside and also from inside the medullary cavity
keeps bone lightweight and maintains its shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

bone categories

A

long
short
irregular
flat
sesamoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

long bone

A

longer than wide
distinct shaft
distinct ends
medullary cavity filled with yellow bone marrow (fat)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

EX of long bone

A

humerus
radius
ulna
femur
tibia
fibula
bones of pal, fingers, sole, toes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

3 regions of long bone

A

proximal epiphysis
diaphysis
distal epiphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

short bones

A

cube-like bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

EX of short bones

A

carpals (wrists)
tarsals (ankles)
patellae (kneecaps)
sesamoid (special type of short bone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

flat bones

A

thin, flattened bones
no medullar caviy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

EX of flat bones

A

sternum
ribs
scapulae
roofing (cranial) bones of skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

irregular bones

A

irregular shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

EX of irregular bones

A

vertebrae
hip bones
certain facial and cranial bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what bones don’t have diaphysis, epiphysis, or medullar cavities

A

short, flat, irregular bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

bony depression or prominence in which the pituitary gland sits

A

sella turcica of sphenoid bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

trabeculae

A

thin beams of bone that give spongy bone its open “spongy” appearance

32
Q

cervical curvature (concave)

A

C1-C7, 7 vertebrae

33
Q

thoracic curvature (convex)

A

T1-T12, 12 vertebrae,
intervertebral discs and foramen

34
Q

lumbar curvature (concave)

A

L1-L5, 5 vertebrae

35
Q

sacral curvature (convex)

A

5 fused vertebrae, sacrum

36
Q

coccyx

A

4 fused vertebrae

37
Q

intramembranous ossification

A

form by intramembranous ossification
develop from an existing membrane of dense (fibrous) CT proper
include: clavicles and roofing bones of the skull
fontanelles are sites of CT membrane that continues to fill in after birth by intramembranous ossification

38
Q

echochondral ossification

A

all bones below the base of the skull (except the clavicles) develop

39
Q

steps in endochondral ossification

A
  1. bone collar forms; around the diaphysis of the hyaline cartilage model
  2. cartilage calcifies; in the center of the diaphysis and then develops cavities
  3. the periosteal bud invades; the internal cavities and spongy bone forms
  4. the diaphysis elongates; and a medullary cavity forms. secondary ossification centers appear in the epiphyses
  5. the epiphyses ossify; when ossification is complete hyaline cartilage remains only in the epiphyseal plates and articular cartilage.
40
Q

types of cartilage

A

hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage

41
Q

hyaline cartilage

A

most abundant type
numerous fine collagen fibers
gives firm support, some flexibility
resists compressive stress

42
Q

elastic cartilage

A

more elastic fibers than hyaline cartilage
provides strength and great flexibility

43
Q

fibrocartilage

A

thick parallel bundles of collagen fibers alternate with rows of chondrocytes
compressible; acts as a shock absorber
withstands heavy pressure

44
Q

EX of hyaline cartilage

A

articular cartilage
nasal cartilage
coastal cartilage
thyroid
cricoid
respiratory cartilage
larynx

45
Q

EX of elastic cartilage

A

external ear (pinna)
epiglottis

46
Q

EX of fibrocartilage

A

pubic symphysis
meniscus
cartilage in intervertebral disc

47
Q

how are hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage similar

A

both are avascular

48
Q

sudoriferous (sweat) glands

A

located in the dermis, secretes sweat that contain antimicrobial proteins because of body temperature regulation

49
Q

dermis

A

deep to the epidermis
bulk of the skin
two layers of papillary and reticular
strong, flexible connective tissue
cells: fibroblasts, macrophages, occasionally mast cells and white blood cells
fibers in matrix bind body together
contains nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels
contains epidermal hair follicles, oil glands, and sweat glands

50
Q

bone fractures review with pics

A

comminuted, compression, spiral, epiphyseal, depressed, greenstick

51
Q

3 bone fracture classifications

A

position of bone ends after fracture
completeness of break
whether skin is penetrated

52
Q

position of bone ends after fracture

A

nondisplaced: ends retain normal position
displaced: ends are out of normal alignment

53
Q

completeness of break

A

complete: broken all the way through
incomplete: not broken all the way through

54
Q

whether skin is penetrated

A

open (compound): skin is penetrated
closed (simple): skin isn’t penetrated

55
Q

bony structures of the skull

A

review anterior image

56
Q

skull bones

A

review anterior image

57
Q

identify nasal conchae

A

review anterior image
function: help form lateral walls
create turbulence in inspired air
helps warm, moisten and cleanse the air

58
Q

maxilla and mandible

A

review anterior image

59
Q

identify ethmoid bone

A

review anterior image
function: cribriform plates (form roof of the nasal cavity)
superior & middle nasal conchae (help form lateral walls)
perpendicular plate (helps form the nasal septum

60
Q

different types of ribs

A

review ribcage image
true ribs
false ribs
floating ribs

61
Q

fake (false) ribs

A

review ribcage image
function: protects, supports, attaches to breathing muscles
pairs 8-12
(8-10) attach indirectly to sternum by costal cartilage
(11-12; floating ribs) don’t attach to sternum

62
Q

sternum and xiphoid process

A

review ribcage image
consists of manubrium (1-2), body (2-7), and xiphoid process (diaphragm muscle)

63
Q

types of ribs

A

review ribcage image
true ribs
false ribs
floating ribs

64
Q

is skin an organ

A

skin is the largest organ of the body because it covers the body, has multiple tissue types and a membrane

65
Q

5th layer of skin

A

stratum lucidum (clear layer)
found only in thick skin like palms of hands or feet
consists of thin translucent band of two to three rows of clear, flat, dead keratinocytes

66
Q

vertebral foramina

A

cervical vertebral foramina (enlarged cuz of spinal cord due to the large number of nerves that innervate the upper limbs)
thoracic vertebral foramina (decrease in diameter cuz fewer nerves are carried in the thoracic spinal nerves)
lumbar vertebral foramina ( spinal cord enlarged due to numerous nerves innervating the lower limbs)

67
Q

Come Lets Get Some Beer

A

stratum Corneum, stratum Lucidum, stratum Granulosum, stratum Spinosum, stratum Basale

68
Q

osteocyte

A

embedded in pits of calcified matrix (lacunae)

69
Q

most frequently fractured area of the humerus

A

surgical neck

70
Q

3 areas of hip bony prominence

A

review image of hip bone

71
Q

colles fracture

A

fracture of the distal forearm which the broken end of the radius is bent backward
complications can include damage to median nerve
very common person falling attempts to break fall with outstretched hands

72
Q

bimalleolar fracture

A

break in the distal ends of both the tibia and fibula
fracture of both the medial malleolus of the tibia and the lateral malleolus of the fibula

73
Q

bone fractures

A

review images
colles fracture, acromial claviular fracture, bimalleolar fracture, humeral fracture

74
Q

bone fracture repair

A
  1. hematoma forms
  2. fibrocartilaginous callus forms
  3. bony callus forms
  4. bone remodeling occurs
75
Q

rule of 9’s

A

review burn image
anterior and posterior head and neck: 9%
anterior and posterior upper limbs: 18%
anterior and posterior trunk: 36%
perineum: 1%
anterior and posterior lower limbs: 36%

76
Q

clavicle anatomy & bony prominence

A

review image of clavicle

A&P 1 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions