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Physical Science > Exam Review > Flashcards

Exam Review Flashcards

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0
Q

What are the differences between a hypothesis, a theory, and a law?

A

A “hypothesis” is an educated guess
A “theory” is a hypothesis that has upheld many times
A “law” is an explanation; what actually happens

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1
Q

What are the steps of the “Scientific Method”?

A
  1. Purpose 2. Research
  2. Hypothesis 4. Experiment
  3. Analyze 6. Conclusion
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2
Q

What is the difference between an independent and dependent variable?

A

A “independent variable” is controlled by the experimenter
A “dependent variable” changes in response to the
independent variable

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3
Q

What are the metric base units and prefixes?

A 
Mass = grams
Volume = liters
Distance = meters

milli, centi, deci, base, deka, hecto, kilo

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4
Q

How many decimeters in a meter?

A

10 decimeters = 1 meter

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5
Q

How many centimeters in a meter?

A

100 centimeters in a meter

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6
Q

How many millimeters in a meter?

A

1000 millimeters in a meter

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7
Q

How many decameters are in a meter?

A

0.1 decameters = one meter

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8
Q

How many hectometers are in a meter?

A

0.01 hectometers = one meter

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9
Q

How many kilometers are in a meter?

A

0.001 kilometers = one meter

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10
Q

Convert 10cm to m?

A 
1m/100cm = 1m/10cm
1/100 = x/10
10 = 100x
10/100 = 100x/100
x = .1 meter
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11
Q

Convert 100mm to km?

A

1000 mm in a meter and 1000 meters in a kilometer

100/1000 = 0.1m 0.1m/1000m = 0.0001km

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12
Q

10g to kg?

A

10g/1000 = kg

= 0.01 kg

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13
Q

2L to milliliters?

A 
1L = 1000ml
1L*2 = 1000ml * 2
2L = 2000ml
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14
Q

Show me the break down for metric prefixes?

A

milli(1000)centi(100)deci(10) m(1)deco(1/10)hecto(1/100)kilo(1/1000)

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15
Q

What is the difference between a pure substance, an element, a compound and a mixture?

A

A “pure substance” cannot be broken down physically
A “compound” is two or more elements chemically bonded
A “mixture” are physically combined substances

16
Q

What is the difference between a heterogeneous solution and a homogenous solution?

A

A “heterogeneous solution” is a solution that is unevenly distributed

A “homogeneous solution” is a solution that is evenly distributed

17
Q

What are solutions, suspensions, and colloids? Give an example for each….

A

Solutions, Suspensions, and colloids are mixture classifications

Solutions (smallest particles), Suspensions (middle), Colloids (largest particles)

18
Q

What are the six physical properties of matter?

A
  1. viscosity 2. conductivity 3. malleability 4. hardness 5. melting and boiling point 6. density
19
Q

What is the difference between flammability and reactivity?

A

“Flamability” burns Oxygen

“Reactivity” – one way a substance can react

20
Q

How can we recognize that a chemical change has occurred?

A

Color change, energy released, precipitate formed, gas formed

21
Q

Is ripping paper a chemical or physical change? Is burning paper a chemical or physical change?

A

“Ripping Paper” is a physical change because it does not change the composition.
** “ Burning Paper” is a chemical change because it changes the composition.

22
Q

Describe how particles move in a solid, liquid, and gas?

A

“Solid” – Definite shape and volume
“Liquid” – Definite volume not shape
“Gas” – Neither definite shape or volume

23
Q

What is the “kinetic theory”

A

All particles are in constant motion

24
Q

What are three things that effect the “pressure” of a gas?

A
  1. Volume 2. Temperature 3. Number of particles
25
Q

According to Charles’s law, if the temperature increases the volume will _________.

A

Increase

26
Q

According Boyles’ Law, if the volume decrease, then the pressure will ___________.

A

Increase

27
Q

Name the six phase changes?

A
  1. Freezing 2. Evaporation and Boiling 3. Sublimation 4. Melting 5. Condensation 6. Deposition
28
Q

Is “Ice Melting” endothermic or exothermic?

A

Endothermic

29
Q

Is “Water Freezing” Exothermic or Endothermic

A

Exothermic

30
Q

Are vaporization/Boiling, Condensation, Sublimation, and Deposition “Exothermic” or “Endothermic”?

A

Sublimation, Vaporization, and Boiling are Endothermic

Deposition and Condensation are Exothermic

31
Q

What is “Viscosity”?

A

Resistance to flow

32
Q

What are the three subatomic particles, where are they located, what charges do they have and what are there masses?

A

“Protons” are located in the nucleus, are (+), and weigh 1 amu
“Neutrons” are located in the nucleus, are neutral, and weigh 1amu
“Electrons”are located outside the nucleus, are (-), and weigh 0amu

Physical Science (5 decks)

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