Exam Review Flashcards

0
Q

What are the differences between a hypothesis, a theory, and a law?

A

A “hypothesis” is an educated guess
A “theory” is a hypothesis that has upheld many times
A “law” is an explanation; what actually happens

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1
Q

What are the steps of the “Scientific Method”?

A
  1. Purpose 2. Research
  2. Hypothesis 4. Experiment
  3. Analyze 6. Conclusion
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2
Q

What is the difference between an independent and dependent variable?

A

A “independent variable” is controlled by the experimenter
A “dependent variable” changes in response to the
independent variable

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3
Q

What are the metric base units and prefixes?

A
Mass = grams
Volume = liters
Distance = meters

milli, centi, deci, base, deka, hecto, kilo

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4
Q

How many decimeters in a meter?

A

10 decimeters = 1 meter

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5
Q

How many centimeters in a meter?

A

100 centimeters in a meter

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6
Q

How many millimeters in a meter?

A

1000 millimeters in a meter

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7
Q

How many decameters are in a meter?

A

0.1 decameters = one meter

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8
Q

How many hectometers are in a meter?

A

0.01 hectometers = one meter

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9
Q

How many kilometers are in a meter?

A

0.001 kilometers = one meter

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10
Q

Convert 10cm to m?

A
1m/100cm = 1m/10cm
1/100 = x/10
10 = 100x
10/100 = 100x/100
x = .1 meter
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11
Q

Convert 100mm to km?

A

1000 mm in a meter and 1000 meters in a kilometer

100/1000 = 0.1m 0.1m/1000m = 0.0001km

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12
Q

10g to kg?

A

10g/1000 = kg

= 0.01 kg

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13
Q

2L to milliliters?

A
1L = 1000ml
1L*2 = 1000ml * 2
2L = 2000ml
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14
Q

Show me the break down for metric prefixes?

A

milli(1000)centi(100)deci(10) m(1)deco(1/10)hecto(1/100)kilo(1/1000)

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15
Q

What is the difference between a pure substance, an element, a compound and a mixture?

A

A “pure substance” cannot be broken down physically
A “compound” is two or more elements chemically bonded
A “mixture” are physically combined substances

16
Q

What is the difference between a heterogeneous solution and a homogenous solution?

A

A “heterogeneous solution” is a solution that is unevenly distributed

A “homogeneous solution” is a solution that is evenly distributed

17
Q

What are solutions, suspensions, and colloids? Give an example for each….

A

Solutions, Suspensions, and colloids are mixture classifications

Solutions (smallest particles), Suspensions (middle), Colloids (largest particles)

18
Q

What are the six physical properties of matter?

A
  1. viscosity 2. conductivity 3. malleability 4. hardness 5. melting and boiling point 6. density
19
Q

What is the difference between flammability and reactivity?

A

“Flamability” burns Oxygen

“Reactivity” – one way a substance can react

20
Q

How can we recognize that a chemical change has occurred?

A

Color change, energy released, precipitate formed, gas formed

21
Q

Is ripping paper a chemical or physical change? Is burning paper a chemical or physical change?

A

“Ripping Paper” is a physical change because it does not change the composition.
** “ Burning Paper” is a chemical change because it changes the composition.

22
Q

Describe how particles move in a solid, liquid, and gas?

A

“Solid” – Definite shape and volume
“Liquid” – Definite volume not shape
“Gas” – Neither definite shape or volume

23
Q

What is the “kinetic theory”

A

All particles are in constant motion

24
What are three things that effect the "pressure" of a gas?
1. Volume 2. Temperature 3. Number of particles
25
According to Charles's law, if the temperature increases the volume will _________.
Increase
26
According Boyles' Law, if the volume decrease, then the pressure will ___________.
Increase
27
Name the six phase changes?
1. Freezing 2. Evaporation and Boiling 3. Sublimation 4. Melting 5. Condensation 6. Deposition
28
Is "Ice Melting" endothermic or exothermic?
Endothermic
29
Is "Water Freezing" Exothermic or Endothermic
Exothermic
30
Are vaporization/Boiling, Condensation, Sublimation, and Deposition "Exothermic" or "Endothermic"?
Sublimation, Vaporization, and Boiling are Endothermic Deposition and Condensation are Exothermic
31
What is "Viscosity"?
Resistance to flow
32
What are the three subatomic particles, where are they located, what charges do they have and what are there masses?
"Protons" are located in the nucleus, are (+), and weigh 1 amu "Neutrons" are located in the nucleus, are neutral, and weigh 1amu "Electrons"are located outside the nucleus, are (-), and weigh 0amu