Exam Review Flashcards
What are the differences between a hypothesis, a theory, and a law?
A “hypothesis” is an educated guess
A “theory” is a hypothesis that has upheld many times
A “law” is an explanation; what actually happens
What are the steps of the “Scientific Method”?
- Purpose 2. Research
- Hypothesis 4. Experiment
- Analyze 6. Conclusion
What is the difference between an independent and dependent variable?
A “independent variable” is controlled by the experimenter
A “dependent variable” changes in response to the
independent variable
What are the metric base units and prefixes?
Mass = grams Volume = liters Distance = meters
milli, centi, deci, base, deka, hecto, kilo
How many decimeters in a meter?
10 decimeters = 1 meter
How many centimeters in a meter?
100 centimeters in a meter
How many millimeters in a meter?
1000 millimeters in a meter
How many decameters are in a meter?
0.1 decameters = one meter
How many hectometers are in a meter?
0.01 hectometers = one meter
How many kilometers are in a meter?
0.001 kilometers = one meter
Convert 10cm to m?
1m/100cm = 1m/10cm 1/100 = x/10 10 = 100x 10/100 = 100x/100 x = .1 meter
Convert 100mm to km?
1000 mm in a meter and 1000 meters in a kilometer
100/1000 = 0.1m 0.1m/1000m = 0.0001km
10g to kg?
10g/1000 = kg
= 0.01 kg
2L to milliliters?
1L = 1000ml 1L*2 = 1000ml * 2 2L = 2000ml
Show me the break down for metric prefixes?
milli(1000)centi(100)deci(10) m(1)deco(1/10)hecto(1/100)kilo(1/1000)
What is the difference between a pure substance, an element, a compound and a mixture?
A “pure substance” cannot be broken down physically
A “compound” is two or more elements chemically bonded
A “mixture” are physically combined substances
What is the difference between a heterogeneous solution and a homogenous solution?
A “heterogeneous solution” is a solution that is unevenly distributed
A “homogeneous solution” is a solution that is evenly distributed
What are solutions, suspensions, and colloids? Give an example for each….
Solutions, Suspensions, and colloids are mixture classifications
Solutions (smallest particles), Suspensions (middle), Colloids (largest particles)
What are the six physical properties of matter?
- viscosity 2. conductivity 3. malleability 4. hardness 5. melting and boiling point 6. density
What is the difference between flammability and reactivity?
“Flamability” burns Oxygen
“Reactivity” – one way a substance can react
How can we recognize that a chemical change has occurred?
Color change, energy released, precipitate formed, gas formed
Is ripping paper a chemical or physical change? Is burning paper a chemical or physical change?
“Ripping Paper” is a physical change because it does not change the composition.
** “ Burning Paper” is a chemical change because it changes the composition.
Describe how particles move in a solid, liquid, and gas?
“Solid” – Definite shape and volume
“Liquid” – Definite volume not shape
“Gas” – Neither definite shape or volume
What is the “kinetic theory”
All particles are in constant motion
What are three things that effect the “pressure” of a gas?
- Volume 2. Temperature 3. Number of particles
According to Charles’s law, if the temperature increases the volume will _________.
Increase
According Boyles’ Law, if the volume decrease, then the pressure will ___________.
Increase
Name the six phase changes?
- Freezing 2. Evaporation and Boiling 3. Sublimation 4. Melting 5. Condensation 6. Deposition
Is “Ice Melting” endothermic or exothermic?
Endothermic
Is “Water Freezing” Exothermic or Endothermic
Exothermic
Are vaporization/Boiling, Condensation, Sublimation, and Deposition “Exothermic” or “Endothermic”?
Sublimation, Vaporization, and Boiling are Endothermic
Deposition and Condensation are Exothermic
What is “Viscosity”?
Resistance to flow
What are the three subatomic particles, where are they located, what charges do they have and what are there masses?
“Protons” are located in the nucleus, are (+), and weigh 1 amu
“Neutrons” are located in the nucleus, are neutral, and weigh 1amu
“Electrons”are located outside the nucleus, are (-), and weigh 0amu
