exam review Flashcards
I WILL PASS ALL MY EXAMS
what is the job of the mitochondria
generates ATP/produces energy
what is the job of the nucleus
cells control center (regulates cells activities)
what is the job of the cytoplasm
protects cell from damage
what is the job of the ribosomes
collects proteins/amino acids
what is the job of the cell membrane
protects/organizes cell
what is the job of the vacuole
- disposal of harmful waste
- storage of salts, minerals, and proteins
what is the job of the lysosomes
breaks down fats so they can be absorbed in the intestines
what is the job of the endoplasmic reticulum
produces proteins allowing proper cell function
state one organelle only found in plants
cell wall
state one organelle only found in animals
lysosomes
how do photosynthesis & cellular respiration work together?
photosynthesis produces glucose which is then used in cellular respiration to make ATP
state the formula for photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O –> C6H1206 + 602
(6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light –> C6H12O6 + 6 O2)
state the formula for cellular respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O
(O2 + glucose –> H2O + CO2 + ATP)
what is active transport
during active transport, molecules move from an area of lower concentration to a higher concentration
state 3 types of active transport
- ion pumps
- endocytosis
- exocytosis
state the ion pump process
used to bring substances into the cell and remove others from the cell
state the endocytosis process
traps particle/substance away from external environment
**known as cellular drinking
state the exocytosis process
vesicles fuse with plasma membrane releasing contents to outside of cell
what is passive transport
the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy
state 3 types of passive transport
- osmosis
- simple diffusion
- facilitated diffusion
state the osmosis process
movement of water/molecules
solution with a higher concentration of water to solution with lower
state the simple diffusion process
concentrated particles spread out through a semi-permeable membrane to a lower concentration
state the facilitated diffusion process
moves from a higher concentration to low using a protein channel in the membrane
osmosis vs diffusion
osmosis = diffusion of water across a membrane
diffusion = movement of particles from higher –> lower concentration
similarity between osmosis & diffusion
- both move down a concentration gradient
- neither require ATP (energy)
what are enzymes/why are they needed?
enzymes = proteins that speed up metabolism/chemical reactions in body
***important for digestion/liver function etc.
what are amino acids
amino acids = molecules that combine to make proteins
*** the building blocks of life
Where can DNA be found in a cell
the nucleus
isotonic vs hypotonic vs hypertonic reactions in the eggsperiment
hypotonic = swells egg
hypertonic = egg shrinks
isotonic = stays the same size
6 stages of mitosis
- interphase
- prophase
- metaphase
- anaphase
- telophase
- cytokinesis
describe interphase
cells grow/DNA is replicated
3 parts: G1, S, G2
describe prophase
chromosomes become visible as tightly coiled threadlike structures
describe metaphase
cells divide into two daughter cells/line up in the middle of the cell
describe anaphase
chromosomes move towards opposite poles of the cell
describe telophase
nuclear envelope reforms
describe cytokinesis
divides parental cell into two daughter cells due to constriction at cell centre
mitosis vs meiosis
mitosis = growth/repair (somatic cells)
meiosis = reproduction (reproductive cells)
how many cells are formed during mitosis vs meiosis
mitosis = two daughter cells
DIPLOID CELLS
meiosis = 4 daughter cells
HAPLOID CELLS
HAPLOID VS DIPLOID CELLS
haploid = 1 set of chromosomes
diploid = 2 sets of chromosomes
co-dominance means..
two alles are expressed to an equal degree
incomplete dominance means..
both alles of a gene are expressed partially
genotype vs phenotype
genotype = a person’s presentation inherited from their parents
phenotype = the observable appearance of a genotype
where does food enter the body
the mouth
where are nutrients absorbed
the large intestine
where feces is stored
rectum
where feces leaves the body
anus
