cell reveiw Flashcards
pass yo test girlypop
T/F An enzyme speeds up a chemical reaction by increasing the activation energy
True
T/F The enzyme lactase breaks down lactose
True
T/F Enzymes work when the substrate binds to the enzyme’s active site
True
T/F A typical human enzyme works best at a temperature of approximately 10ºC
False
T/F Cell membranes are permeable; they only let certain substances through
False
T/F Small molecules like oxygen, water, and carbon dioxide cannot pass freely through cell membranes
False
T/F Enzymes in the body work best at a pH around 7
True
T/F Diffusion always occurs down a concentration gradient.
True
T/F Simple diffusion requires a cell to use energy
False
T/F in a hypertonic solution, water will leave a cell
True
T/F Cellular respiration produces thirty molecules of ATP
True
The movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration is known as
a. a concentration gradient
b. simple diffusion
c. selective permeability
d.dynamic equilibrium
b. simple diffusion
Equal concentrations of solvent (E.g. water) on the inside and outside of a cell is in a state of:
a. dynamic equilibrium
b. a concentration gradient
c. facilitated diffusion
d. osmosis
d. osmosis
A solution of equal solute concentration compared to its surroundings is
a.hypertonic
b.isotonic
c.hypotonic
d.osmotic
b. isotonic
A solution that has a higher solute concentration in comparison to its surroundings is
a.hypertonic
b.isotonic
c.hypotonic
d.osmotic
a. hypertonic
A solution that has a lower concentration of solutes compared to its surroundings is
a.hypertonic
b.isotonic
c.hypotonic
d.osmotic
a. hypertonic
What reactants are required for plants to form glucose?
a.light energy
b.carbon dioxide
c.water
d.all of the above
d. all of the above
If an organism produces its own food, it is considered to be a(n)
a.autotroph
b.heterotroph
c.consumer
d.decomposer
a. autotroph
Which of the following is not produced by photosynthesis?
a. carbon dioxide
b.glucose
c. oxygen
d.stored chemical energy
c. oxygen
the movement of particles from high to low concentration
simple diffusion
particles move in all directions at equal rates
active transport
a difference in concentration between two areas
concentration gradient
allows only certain substances to pass through
semi-permeable
the movement of water from high to low concentration
osmosis
allows for the transport of larger molecules through a cell membrane
facilitated diffusion
diffusion of solutes assisted by protein molecules
channel protein in the membrane
has a higher solvent (water) concentration inside the cell relative to the environment outside
hypertonic
the movement of water from high to low concentration
osmosis
has an equal concentration of solvent inside the cell relative to the environment outside
isotonic
has a lower solvent concentration inside the cell relative to the environment outside
hypotonic
What is the formula for photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
(glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water).
How do photosynthesis and cellular respiration depend on each other?
Photosynthesis creates glucose, cellular respiration uses this glucose to create ATP.
List the 4 macronutrients.
The four macronutrients are water, protein, carbohydrates, and fats.
Functions of each of the 4 macronutrients.
Water- is needed to allow bodily functions
Carbs - (main source)
Protein- (builds/repairs tissues)
FATS- insulate organs and make up cell membranes.
What nucleotide bases in DNA always bond together?
Adenine always pairs with thymine (A-T)
What part of the pH scale is MORE acidic?
The lower the pH level, the more acidic the environment. The higher the pH, the more basic the environment.
What is lactose intolerance? What are some symptoms and remedies?
consumption of Lactaid results in consequential bowl movements
remedies - (lactase tablets before you eat or drink milk products or lactase drops to milk before you drink it.)
What is the process of endocytosis?
Endocytosis - captures a substance/particle from outside the cell by immersing it with the cell membrane, and bringing it into the cell.
What is the process of exocytosis?
Exocytosis - the process of vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane and releasing their contents to the outside of the cell.
active transport is…
(is an energetic process) quick.
passive transport is…
(is a physical process) slower.
What is the difference between passive and active transport?
Active transport needs cellular energy for movement, while Passive transport does not.
Example of active transport:
- Exocytosis.
- Endocytosis.
- Ion pumps
Example of passive transport:
- facilitated diffusion
- osmosis
plant vs animal cell
plant cells = one singular large vacuole, have a cell wall, have chloroplasts, rectangular or cubic in shape
animal cells = smaller vacuoles but many, typically round or irregular in shape
How many micrometres in length are animal and plant cells?
animal = 10-30 micrometers
plant = 10-100 micrometers
