cell reveiw

Question 1

T/F An enzyme speeds up a chemical reaction by increasing the activation energy

Answer 1

True

Question 2

T/F The enzyme lactase breaks down lactose

Answer 2

True

Question 3

T/F Enzymes work when the substrate binds to the enzyme’s active site

Answer 3

True

Question 4

T/F A typical human enzyme works best at a temperature of approximately 10ºC

Answer 4

False

Question 5

T/F Cell membranes are permeable; they only let certain substances through

Answer 5

False

Question 6

T/F Small molecules like oxygen, water, and carbon dioxide cannot pass freely through cell membranes

Answer 6

False

Question 7

T/F Enzymes in the body work best at a pH around 7

Answer 7

True

Question 8

T/F Diffusion always occurs down a concentration gradient.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

T/F Simple diffusion requires a cell to use energy

Answer 9

False

Question 10

T/F in a hypertonic solution, water will leave a cell

Answer 10

True

Question 11

T/F Cellular respiration produces thirty molecules of ATP

Answer 11

True

Question 12

The movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration is known as
a. a concentration gradient
b. simple diffusion
c. selective permeability
d.dynamic equilibrium

Answer 12

b. simple diffusion

Question 13

Equal concentrations of solvent (E.g. water) on the inside and outside of a cell is in a state of:
a. dynamic equilibrium
b. a concentration gradient
c. facilitated diffusion
d. osmosis

Answer 13

d. osmosis

Question 14

A solution of equal solute concentration compared to its surroundings is
a.hypertonic
b.isotonic
c.hypotonic
d.osmotic

Answer 14

b. isotonic

Question 15

A solution that has a higher solute concentration in comparison to its surroundings is
a.hypertonic
b.isotonic
c.hypotonic
d.osmotic

Answer 15

a. hypertonic

Question 16

A solution that has a lower concentration of solutes compared to its surroundings is
a.hypertonic
b.isotonic
c.hypotonic
d.osmotic

Answer 16

a. hypertonic

Question 17

What reactants are required for plants to form glucose?
a.light energy
b.carbon dioxide
c.water
d.all of the above

Answer 17

d. all of the above

Question 18

If an organism produces its own food, it is considered to be a(n)
a.autotroph
b.heterotroph
c.consumer
d.decomposer

Answer 18

a. autotroph

Question 19

Which of the following is not produced by photosynthesis?
a. carbon dioxide
b.glucose
c. oxygen
d.stored chemical energy

Answer 19

c. oxygen

Question 20

the movement of particles from high to low concentration

Answer 20

simple diffusion

Question 21

particles move in all directions at equal rates

Answer 21

active transport

Question 22

a difference in concentration between two areas

Answer 22

concentration gradient

Question 23

allows only certain substances to pass through

Answer 23

semi-permeable

Question 24

the movement of water from high to low concentration

Answer 24

osmosis

Question 25

allows for the transport of larger molecules through a cell membrane

Answer 25

facilitated diffusion

Question 26

diffusion of solutes assisted by protein molecules

Answer 26

channel protein in the membrane

Question 27

has a higher solvent (water) concentration inside the cell relative to the environment outside

Answer 27

hypertonic

Question 28

the movement of water from high to low concentration

Answer 28

osmosis

Question 29

has an equal concentration of solvent inside the cell relative to the environment outside

Answer 29

isotonic

Question 30

has a lower solvent concentration inside the cell relative to the environment outside

Answer 30

hypotonic

Question 31

What is the formula for photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Answer 31

(glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water).

Question 32

How do photosynthesis and cellular respiration depend on each other?

Answer 32

Photosynthesis creates glucose, cellular respiration uses this glucose to create ATP.

Question 33

List the 4 macronutrients.

Answer 33

The four macronutrients are water, protein, carbohydrates, and fats.

Question 34

Functions of each of the 4 macronutrients.

Answer 34

Water- is needed to allow bodily functions Carbs - (main source) Protein- (builds/repairs tissues) FATS- insulate organs and make up cell membranes.

Question 35

What nucleotide bases in DNA always bond together?

Answer 35

Adenine always pairs with thymine (A-T)

Question 36

What part of the pH scale is MORE acidic?

Answer 36

The lower the pH level, the more acidic the environment. The higher the pH, the more basic the environment.

Question 37

What is lactose intolerance? What are some symptoms and remedies?

Answer 37

consumption of Lactaid results in consequential bowl movements remedies - (lactase tablets before you eat or drink milk products or lactase drops to milk before you drink it.)

Question 38

What is the process of endocytosis?

Answer 38

Endocytosis - captures a substance/particle from outside the cell by immersing it with the cell membrane, and bringing it into the cell.

Question 39

What is the process of exocytosis?

Answer 39

Exocytosis - the process of vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane and releasing their contents to the outside of the cell.

Question 40

active transport is...

Answer 40

(is an energetic process) quick.

Question 41

passive transport is...

Answer 41

(is a physical process) slower.

Question 42

What is the difference between passive and active transport?

Answer 42

Active transport needs cellular energy for movement, while Passive transport does not.

Question 43

Example of active transport:

Answer 43

- Exocytosis. - Endocytosis. - Ion pumps

Question 44

Example of passive transport:

Answer 44

- facilitated diffusion - osmosis

Question 45

plant vs animal cell

Answer 45

plant cells = one singular large vacuole, have a cell wall, have chloroplasts, rectangular or cubic in shape animal cells = smaller vacuoles but many, typically round or irregular in shape

Question 46

How many micrometres in length are animal and plant cells?

Answer 46

animal = 10-30 micrometers plant = 10-100 micrometers