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biology semester 2 > cell reveiw > Flashcards

cell reveiw Flashcards

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1
Q

T/F An enzyme speeds up a chemical reaction by increasing the activation energy

A

True

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2
Q

T/F The enzyme lactase breaks down lactose

A

True

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3
Q

T/F Enzymes work when the substrate binds to the enzyme’s active site

A

True

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4
Q

T/F A typical human enzyme works best at a temperature of approximately 10ºC

A

False

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5
Q

T/F Cell membranes are permeable; they only let certain substances through

A

False

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6
Q

T/F Small molecules like oxygen, water, and carbon dioxide cannot pass freely through cell membranes

A

False

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7
Q

T/F Enzymes in the body work best at a pH around 7

A

True

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8
Q

T/F Diffusion always occurs down a concentration gradient.

A

True

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9
Q

T/F Simple diffusion requires a cell to use energy

A

False

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10
Q

T/F in a hypertonic solution, water will leave a cell

A

True

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11
Q

T/F Cellular respiration produces thirty molecules of ATP

A

True

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12
Q

The movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration is known as
a. a concentration gradient
b. simple diffusion
c. selective permeability
d.dynamic equilibrium

A

b. simple diffusion

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13
Q

Equal concentrations of solvent (E.g. water) on the inside and outside of a cell is in a state of:
a. dynamic equilibrium
b. a concentration gradient
c. facilitated diffusion
d. osmosis

A

d. osmosis

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14
Q

A solution of equal solute concentration compared to its surroundings is
a.hypertonic
b.isotonic
c.hypotonic
d.osmotic

A

b. isotonic

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15
Q

A solution that has a higher solute concentration in comparison to its surroundings is
a.hypertonic
b.isotonic
c.hypotonic
d.osmotic

A

a. hypertonic

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16
Q

A solution that has a lower concentration of solutes compared to its surroundings is
a.hypertonic
b.isotonic
c.hypotonic
d.osmotic

A

a. hypertonic

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17
Q

What reactants are required for plants to form glucose?
a.light energy
b.carbon dioxide
c.water
d.all of the above

A

d. all of the above

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18
Q

If an organism produces its own food, it is considered to be a(n)
a.autotroph
b.heterotroph
c.consumer
d.decomposer

A

a. autotroph

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19
Q

Which of the following is not produced by photosynthesis?
a. carbon dioxide
b.glucose
c. oxygen
d.stored chemical energy

A

c. oxygen

20
Q

the movement of particles from high to low concentration

A

simple diffusion

21
Q

particles move in all directions at equal rates

A

active transport

22
Q

a difference in concentration between two areas

A

concentration gradient

23
Q

allows only certain substances to pass through

A

semi-permeable

24
Q

the movement of water from high to low concentration

A

osmosis

25
Q

allows for the transport of larger molecules through a cell membrane

A

facilitated diffusion

26
Q

diffusion of solutes assisted by protein molecules

A

channel protein in the membrane

27
Q

has a higher solvent (water) concentration inside the cell relative to the environment outside

A

hypertonic

28
Q

the movement of water from high to low concentration

A

osmosis

29
Q

has an equal concentration of solvent inside the cell relative to the environment outside

A

isotonic

30
Q

has a lower solvent concentration inside the cell relative to the environment outside

A

hypotonic

31
Q

What is the formula for photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

A

(glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water).

32
Q

How do photosynthesis and cellular respiration depend on each other?

A

Photosynthesis creates glucose, cellular respiration uses this glucose to create ATP.

33
Q

List the 4 macronutrients.

A

The four macronutrients are water, protein, carbohydrates, and fats.

34
Q

Functions of each of the 4 macronutrients.

A

Water- is needed to allow bodily functions
Carbs - (main source)
Protein- (builds/repairs tissues)
FATS- insulate organs and make up cell membranes.

35
Q

What nucleotide bases in DNA always bond together?

A

Adenine always pairs with thymine (A-T)

36
Q

What part of the pH scale is MORE acidic?

A

The lower the pH level, the more acidic the environment. The higher the pH, the more basic the environment.

37
Q

What is lactose intolerance? What are some symptoms and remedies?

A

consumption of Lactaid results in consequential bowl movements
remedies - (lactase tablets before you eat or drink milk products or lactase drops to milk before you drink it.)

38
Q

What is the process of endocytosis?

A

Endocytosis - captures a substance/particle from outside the cell by immersing it with the cell membrane, and bringing it into the cell.

39
Q

What is the process of exocytosis?

A

Exocytosis - the process of vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane and releasing their contents to the outside of the cell.

40
Q

active transport is…

A

(is an energetic process) quick.

41
Q

passive transport is…

A

(is a physical process) slower.

42
Q

What is the difference between passive and active transport?

A

Active transport needs cellular energy for movement, while Passive transport does not.

43
Q

Example of active transport:

A
  • Exocytosis.
  • Endocytosis.
  • Ion pumps
44
Q

Example of passive transport:

A
  • facilitated diffusion
  • osmosis
45
Q

plant vs animal cell

A

plant cells = one singular large vacuole, have a cell wall, have chloroplasts, rectangular or cubic in shape
animal cells = smaller vacuoles but many, typically round or irregular in shape

46
Q

How many micrometres in length are animal and plant cells?

A

animal = 10-30 micrometers
plant = 10-100 micrometers

biology semester 2 (6 decks)

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