Exam Review

Question 1

What are acceptable terms for indigenous people?

Answer 1

• first nations
• metis
• inuit
• indigenous
  sometimes aboriginal, not really native or indian

Question 2

What is the populations of first nations?

Answer 2

9/10 or 1.4 of 1.8 total

Question 3

How many first nation nations/bands are there across canada? What are examples?

Answer 3

640. cree, miqmaw, ojibway

Question 4

What are metis?

Answer 4

descended from one of the original metis nations around the red and saskatchewan rivers

Question 5

what is the population of metis?

Answer 5

0.3 million

Question 6

where do inuit live?

Answer 6

above the tree line in the three territories

Question 7

what are inuit people called? what language do they speak?

Answer 7

called Inuk “the people”
language is called inuktitut

Question 8

how long have ind. people lived in north america?

Answer 8

believed to be between 12 000-15 000 years ago

Question 9

Who was christopher columbus?

Answer 9

he was the person responsible for the misnomer indians

Question 10

where do a majority of first nations live?

Answer 10

BC and ontario

Question 11

who is jacques cartier?

Answer 11

he kidnapped chief donnaconna and his sons after trying to colonize his village for the french king

Question 12

what did samuel de champlain do?

Answer 12

founded quebec city

Question 13

why did the fur trade become so successful?

Answer 13

• euro market for furs
• ind. had access to furs
• euros had trade goods ind. wanted

Question 14

what is marriage a la facon du pays?

Answer 14

inter marriage between euros and ind. to strengthen trade relationships

Question 15

what are the 3 phases of the fur trade?

Answer 15

• ind. control
• increasing reliance of euro goods
• euro control

Question 16

seven years war is also known as what?

Answer 16

the french-indian war

Question 17

what was the seven year war?

Answer 17

england and france fought for control of the fur trade

Question 18

what are 3 factors that led to the decline of the fur trade?

Answer 18

over hunting, price crash, pemmican ban

Question 19

what is pemmican?

Answer 19

a preserve of meat, fat, and berries used to sustain fur traders on long expeditions

Question 20

what are the five nations of the wabanaki confederation?

Answer 20

mikmaq
passamaquoddy
wolastoqiyik
abanaki
penobscot

Question 21

how many nations are in the wendat confederacy?

Answer 21

four

Question 22

who did the wendat confederacy oppose?

Answer 22

the iroqois

Question 23

what role did the wendat confederacy play in the fur trade?

Answer 23

they were powerful in the early fur trade

Question 24

what was the 60s scoop?

Answer 24

the period when ind. children were taken without consent from family/community and place in the child welfare system

Question 25

when did the 60s scoop begin?

Answer 25

1951 and ind. children are still overrepresented in child welfare

Question 26

what is the main difference between the scoop and present day?

Answer 26

that cultural assimilation is no longer the expressed purpose behind child removal

Question 27

what key points did the indian act entail?

Answer 27

band council
reserve system
the pass system
enfranchisement
blood quantum
- indian status
residential schools

Question 28

what was the doctrine of discovery?

Answer 28

it was when europeans felt that if they were the first to claim land for christ, they had the right to colonize it

Question 29

what is the treaty of tordesillas?

Answer 29

when the pope agreed to split the non-christian world between spanish and portuguese rulers

Question 30

who was john cabot?

Answer 30

cabot led two expeditions to find a western route to asia. despite never leaving his ship cabot claimed the land (newfoundland) for england

Question 31

who saved samuel de champlains expedition on st croix island when they were dying?

Answer 31

passamaquoddy

Question 32

who was the hudsons bay company?

Answer 32

king charles II claimed the hudsons bay drainage, renamed ruperts land, for england and granted the title to the hbc with a royal charter

Question 33

what were indigenous people told about the hbc?

Answer 33

they were told that the hbc had purchased the land from them

Question 34

what was the northwest company?

Answer 34

it was founded in 1779 from montreal to rival the hbc, operated in rupert’s land despite the hbc charter

Question 35

what was the indian act?

Answer 35

• a law that defines the canadian governments relationship with first nations people
• it created the legal term of “indian”
• created and enforced the elected band council system
• outlawed many traditional religious ceremonies

Question 36

what does enfranchisement mean?

Answer 36

meant a first nations man was no longer considered “indian” in order to become a “canadian citizen”

Question 37

what was bill c-31?

Answer 37

status no longer passed through father or husband, women could regain status and pass it on to their children

Question 38

when did the red river resistance take place? what was it?

Answer 38

1869-1870. it was a transfer of ruperts land that took place in the red river settlement.

Question 39

what did thomas scott want originally?

Answer 39

refuge for scottish settlers

Question 40

what nations were dominant in the red river area in 1812?

Answer 40

ojibwe, cree, and metis

Question 41

english descended metis were usually…? french descended metis were usually…?

Answer 41

english were usually hunters and trappers and french were usually more agricultural

Question 42

hbc and who constantly came into conflict over what?

Answer 42

hbc and the metis constantly came into conflict over trading rights

Question 43

when was the transfer of ruperts land set to be?

Answer 43

december 1st

Question 44

were the metis included in the negotiations for the selling of ruperts land?

Answer 44

no they were not

Question 45

the settlers moving into ruperts land at this time were mainly…?

Answer 45

protestant

Question 46

what religion were most metis?

Answer 46

roman catholic

Question 47

who was william mcdougall?

Answer 47

a canadian expansionist and a 1st lieutenant governor

Question 48

who was louis riel?

Answer 48

a third generation metis advocate who was educated in montreal as a law clerk

Question 49

did louis riel have support from both english and french metis? what is this significance

Answer 49

yes. this showed that despite language differences, their metis identities were what they really valued

Question 50

where did louis riel and his followers take over to stop canada taking over ruperts land?

Answer 50

upper fort gary, main hbc trading post

Question 51

what did the manitoba act do?

Answer 51

• create manitoba as a province
• metis land rights were guarenteed (607 000 acres set aside for metis descendents)
• riel went into exile
• metis were soon so disadvantaged in manitoba that they collectively move west