Exam Review Flashcards
1
Q
BCE vs CE
A
- BCE -> Before Common era, replaced BC (Before Christ)
- CE -> Common Era, replaced AD (After Death)
- “Common Era” refers to the time where Roman emperors reset the calendar
2
Q
Homo Sapiens
A
- What is now the modern human
- Is theorized to be the reason for other early human’s extinction
- They developed from primates
3
Q
Bi-Pedal
A
- Describes an animal that walks on 2 feet
- Early humans had an advantage by being Bi Pedal, because it freed up our hands to use weapons, tools, and to hold things
- ?
4
Q
Precision Grip
A
- How our hands are able to grab and hold things because of our thumbs
- ## This gave us an upper hand in early civilization by allowing us to make/use tools, and throw things
5
Q
Tool Use
A
- Allowed early humans to collect and hunt for food easily
- ## Gave an advantage over other animals, it improved what we lacked
6
Q
Hunter-Gatherer
A
- In a family or tribe, there were different roles that took care of different tasks, hunter-gatherer was one of them
- Hunter-gatherers were responsible for gathering food and hunting animals for food and other materials such as fur and hide
- Otzi the iceman was possibly a hunter gatherer based on the kind of clothes he wore, his weapons, and the food left in his stomach
7
Q
Neolithic Period
A
- The period in time in which agriculture was expanding in society
- this was about 12,000 years ago
- this larger led to many societal and technological advancements
8
Q
Domestication of Animals
A
- People started to domesticate animals to help with jobs such as hunting, and to provide food
- the use of farm animals played a big part in this
- the domestication of animals allowed for communities to form and hierarchies were made within villages/communities
9
Q
Cave Art
A
- how Neanderthals and Homo sapiens started to tell stories
- cave art demonstrated how early humans wanted to leave a mark in history, and have their stories to be told
- helped make their cave more into a home
10
Q
Neanderthals
A
- the so-called “cousin” of the homo sapien
- said to have been much stronger than the homo sapien, but not as intelligent
- went extinct, and no one is 100% sure why/how
11
Q
Otzi
A
- known as the world’s oldest wet mummy
- was believed to be a hunter-gatherer
- they gathered this conclusion through the kind of clothes he wore, his weapons, and the food left in his stomach
12
Q
Fertile Crescent
A
- an area of Europe and Asia where agriculture grew a lot
- this region helped start the Neolithic period
- societies that were known for their agriculture later on had many major developments in technology and society
13
Q
Cuneiform
A
- the first ever writing system, created by sumerians
- opened up doors for expansion of civilizations
- societies that had their own writing system had an upper hand over those that didn’t because of communication
14
Q
Hieroglyphics
A
- The ancient Egyptian writing system
- was around the same as cuneiform
- each hieroglyph had a specific meaning (communicating through symbols)
15
Q
Nile River
A
- the longest river in the world (located in Egypt)
- was a main resource for ancient Egyptians, allowed people to make Egypt habitable
- most of the farm land and settlements in Egypt were close to the river for easy access
16
Q
Upper Egypt
A
- northern/western part of Egypt
- was closer to waterfalls
17
Q
Lower Egypt
A
??
18
Q
King Tut
A
- one of Egypt pharaohs
- was a child when he became king
- his tomb helped archeologists and historians understand a lot about ancient Egyptians
19
Q
Nubia
A
??
20
Q
Mycenaeans
A
- the people before the Greeks
- where most of Ancient Greek myths and legends originated
- their myths have a possibility to be somewhat true, but exaggerated and changed over time
21
Q
Troy
A
- the movie we watched in class, that tells the story of Achilles and the fall of the Trojan empire
- the true story as to how the Trojan empire is not quite confirmed
- the Greeks invaded the city through the classic wooden horse, believed that the horse was a gift from Poseidon
22
Q
Achilles
A
- the demigod hero from the Iliad,who died by arrow to the heel
- there is no physical evidence that Achilles ever existed
- was the first classic “hero” that many other hero stories today follow
23
Q
Aegean Sea
A
- the sea that physically divided Ancient Greece
- ??
24
Q
Polis
A
- Ancient Greek city-state
25
Q
Sparta
A
- city-state in Greece
- known for their strong dedication to their military/art of war
- they threw their babies of cliffs if they believed they were too weak to serve in the military
26
Q
Athens
A
- city state in Greece
- known rival of Sparta
- were known for their philosophy, scholars and art
- women had less rights in Athens compared to Sparta
27
Q
Persian Empire
A
- enemy of Greece
- largest ancient empire at the time
- ??
28
Q
Classical Greece
A
- 200 year period of early Greece
- known for it’s philosophers, art and architecture
- in classical Greece, all of the people in city-states were classified as Greeks, but treated each other as enemies or rivals
29
Q
Agora
A
- ancient city-state square
- held many markets and meeting places for people
- many debates and discussions would happen in an agora
30
Q
Acropolis
A
- tall hill in a Greek city
- used as an area of defense
- they were usually very deep into the city, in case of attacks, the acropolis would be used as a last resort to protect the city and its people
31
Q
Phalanx
A
- Greek battle formation
- utilized shields to create walls of defense, and spears to attack
- was later on proved to be less affective by Roman’s, phalanx’s were just big crowd of people pushing each other
32
Q
Hoplite
A
- the first modern soldier
- they wore incredibly heavy armour (70 lbs)
- they had servants to help them get dressed and prepare for battle
