Exam Questions Paper 2 Biology

Question 1

Which gland produces insulin?

Answer 1

The pancreas

Question 2

Which gland produces hormones that stimulate the other glands to
produce hormones?

Answer 2

Pituitary gland

Question 3

How do hormones travel from one gland to another gland?

Answer 3

Hormones travel from gland to gland via blood

Question 4

Name two glands involved in human reproduction.

Answer 4

ovary / ovaries

testis / testes

Question 5

Ovulation test kits can help women know when they are most fertile.

Ovulation test kits detect the increase in the hormone that stimulates ovulation.

Which hormone is detected by ovulation test kits?

Answer 5

luteinising hormone (LH)

Question 6

Conservation of peat bogs can help maintain biodiversity.

Give two uses of peat taken from peat bogs.

Answer 6

compost

burning
or
as a fuel

Question 7

Describe two ways to increase biodiversity in the UK.

Do not refer to money spent or to peat in your answer.

Answer 7

Reduce pollution

Plant trees

Plant variety of crops

Question 8

A fossil was found in rocks. The rocks were formed from mud.

The fossil is of the fungus Ourasphaira giraldae.

What is the genus of the fungus?

Answer 8

Ourasphaira

Question 9

Why was the mud important during the formation of the fossil?

Answer 9

the mud stopped oxygen
reaching the fungus

Question 10

Carl Woese developed the three-domain system of classification.

Fungi are not in the domain Archaea.

Which domain are fungi classified in?

Answer 10

eukaryota

Question 11

Which two characteristics are features of organisms in the domain Archaea?

Answer 11

can survive in extreme
environments

cytoplasm contains DNA

Question 12

Birds of this species:

• live for about 3 years
• produce up to 24 eggs every year.

Explain why evolution is easier to study in this species of bird than in humans.
[3 marks]

Answer 12

shorter life cycle / span
more offspring

(so) the genetics of the
population changes faster

Question 13

Birds of this species are found in different parts of the world.

Describe evidence that would show two individual birds are the same species.

Answer 13

similar / same phenotype

similar genotype / DNA (profile)

(can reproduce / breed and)
produce fertile offspring

Question 14

Caffeine causes the release of adrenaline.

Adrenaline affects heart rate.

Explain how the effect of adrenaline on heart rate might cause reaction time to decrease.

Answer 14

(adrenaline) increases heart rate
(which) increases oxygen /
glucose to brain / muscle (cells)

(which) increases rate of
respiration

(so) releasing more energy for
(faster / more) muscle
contraction

Question 15

Suggest why reaction time decreases when caffeine binds to adenosine receptors.

Answer 15

fewer adenosine (molecules)
can bind to the receptors

or

adenosine has no / less effect
on the (relay) neurone
therefore impulses in relay
neurone are more frequent

Question 16

This question is about genetic disorders.

Some people are heterozygous for a genetic disorder.

Define the term ‘heterozygous’.

Answer 16

(having) the dominant and
recessive allele for a gene /
trait / characteristic / disorder

Question 17

Describe the structure of a DNA molecule.

Answer 17

• (long) polymer

Question 18

What is meant by the term genome?

Answer 18

all the genetic material (of an
organism)

Question 19

A stimulus from the hot pan will cause the muscle in the arm to contract and move the
finger away.

Describe how the stimulus from the hot pan reaches the muscle in the arm

Answer 19

(stimulus is) detected by the
receptor

• (initiates) an electrical impulse
• (impulse) travels via the
  neurones
• sensory, relay and motor
• crosses synapses
• (crosses synapses)
  as achemical

Question 20

What is meant by the term biodiversity?

Answer 20

the variety of all the different
species (of organisms) on Earth

Question 21

Explain why the use of peat is harmful to the environment.

Do not refer to biodiversity in your answer.

Answer 21

decay / burning of peat releases
carbon dioxide (into the
atmosphere)

which is increasing global
warming