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Biology Exam Questions > Exam Questions Biology > Flashcards

Exam Questions Biology Flashcards

1
Q

Name two pieces of laboratory equipment the student could have used to prepare
cells to view using a microscope.
[2 mark]

A

Microscope Slide

Tweezers

Swab

Cover slip

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2
Q

The student tried to look at the cells using the microscope.
Suggest one reason why the student could not see any cells when looking through a microscope
[1 mark]

A

Either:

Slide is not in the correct position

No cells in field of view

Objective lens is dirty

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3
Q

What is the first medicinal drug?
[1 mark]

A

Penicillin

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4
Q

Compare the structure of a red blood cell to a plant cell.
[6 marks]

A

Differences:
Red blood cells has no nucleus / Plant cells has a nucleus

Red blood cells has no cell wall / Plant cells have a cell wall

Red blood cells contain haemoglobin / Plant cells dont contain haemoglobin.

Red blood cells do not contain chlorophyll / Plant cells contain chlorophyll

Red blood cells do not have a permanent vacuole / Plant cells have a permanent vacuole.

Similarities

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4
Q

Compare the structure of a red blood cell to a plant cell.
[6 marks]

A

Differences:
Red blood cells has no nucleus / Plant cells has a nucleus

Red blood cells has no cell wall / Plant cells have a cell wall

Red blood cells contain haemoglobin / Plant cells dont contain haemoglobin.

Red blood cells do not contain chlorophyll / Plant cells contain chlorophyll

Red blood cells do not have a permanent vacuole / Plant cells have a permanent vacuole.

Similarities

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5
Q

Compare the structure of a red blood cell to a plant cell.
[6 marks]

A

Differences:
Red blood cells has no nucleus / Plant cells has a nucleus

Red blood cells has no cell wall / Plant cells have a cell wall

Red blood cells contain haemoglobin / Plant cells dont contain haemoglobin.

Red blood cells do not contain chlorophyll / Plant cells contain chlorophyll

Red blood cells do not have a permanent vacuole / Plant cells have a permanent vacuole.

Similarities

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5
Q

Compare the structure of a red blood cell to a plant cell.
[6 marks]

A

Differences:
Red blood cells has no nucleus / Plant cells has a nucleus

Red blood cells has no cell wall / Plant cells have a cell wall

Red blood cells contain haemoglobin / Plant cells dont contain haemoglobin.

Red blood cells do not contain chlorophyll / Plant cells contain chlorophyll

Red blood cells do not have a permanent vacuole / Plant cells have a permanent vacuole.

Similarities

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6
Q

Compare the structure of a red blood cell to a plant cell.
[6 marks]

A

Differences:
Red blood cells has no nucleus / Plant cells has a nucleus

Red blood cells has no cell wall / Plant cells have a cell wall

Red blood cells contain haemoglobin / Plant cells dont contain haemoglobin.

Red blood cells do not contain chlorophyll / Plant cells contain chlorophyll

Red blood cells do not have a permanent vacuole / Plant cells have a permanent vacuole.

Similarities:
Both have:
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Pigments

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7
Q

When placed into a beaker of water:
* a red blood cell bursts
* a plant cell does not burst.
Explain why the red blood cell bursts but the plant cell does not burst
[2 marks]

A

This is because:

Water enters the cell wall through osmosis

Plant cells have a cell wall to prevent bursting

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8
Q

What is “obesity” on a BMI scale?
[1 mark]

A

30 - 39.9

40+ is clinically obese

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9
Q

The number of people who are obese in the UK is increasing.

Explain the financial impact on the UK economy of an increasing number of people who are obese.
[2 marks]

A

costs NHS / UK health more money

More time off work

Decrease productivity in workplace

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10
Q

A person who is obese is more at risk of arthritis.

Arthritis is a condition that damages joints.

Suggest how arthritis could affect a person’s lifestyle.

[1 mark]

A

loss of job / income

movement issues

disability

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11
Q

A person who eats a diet high in saturated fat might become obese.

Name two health conditions that might develop if a person eats a diet high in saturated fat.

[2 marks]

A

CHD

Stroke

Heart attack

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12
Q

What is the chemical equation for aerobic respiration?
[1 mark]

A

6O2 + C6H12O6 ——–> 6H2O + 6CO2

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13
Q

Name the sub-cellular structures where aerobic respiration takes place.
[1 mark]

A

mitochondria

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14
Q

Energy is released in respiration.

Give two uses of the energy released in respiration.
[2 marks]

A

Movement / muscle contraction

Keeping warm

Active transport

15
Q

Describe two differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration in humans.

Do not refer to oxygen in your answer.
[2 marks]

A

anaerobic respiration produces lactic acid / aerobic does not

aerobic produces carbon dioxide / anaerobic does not

aerobic produces water / anaerobic does not

16
Q

What are the two products of anaerobic respiration in plant cells?
[2 marks]

A

Carbon dioxide + ethanol

17
Q

Amylase is an enzyme that breaks down starch.

Amylase is a polymer of smaller molecules.

Name the type of smaller molecule.
[1 mark]

A

Amino acids

18
Q

Name the three parts of the human digestive system that produce amylase?

[2 marks]

A

Salivary gland

Pancreas

Small intestine

19
Q

Explain how amylase breaks down starch.

Answer in terms of the ‘lock and key theory’.
[3 marks]

A

Starch / substate binds to active site (of enzyme)

Shape of active site and substrate fit together

a chemical reaction occurs to produce smaller molecules

20
Q

Which cell structure in a leaf mesophyll cell is not found in a root hair cell?
[1 mark]

A

Chloroplasts

21
Q

Plants lose water through their leaves.

Name the cells in a leaf that control the rate of water loss.

A

Guard cells Q6.4 Biology paper 1 2021

22
Q

Water is taken in by the roots, transported up the plant and lost from the leaves.
Which scientific term describes this movement of water?

A

Transpiration cells

23
Q

Which change would decrease the rate of water loss from a plants leaves?

A. Increase humidity

B. Increase light intensity

C. Increased density of stomata

D. Increased temperature

A

Increased humidity

24
Q

Compare the structure and function of xylem tissue and phloem tissue (6 marks)

A

Indicative content:
Structure

  • xylem is made of dead cells
    and
    phloem is made of living cells
  • phloem cells have pores in their end walls
    and
    xylem cells do not have pores in their end walls
  • xylem is hollow or xylem does not contain cytoplasm
    and
    phloem contains cytoplasm
  • xylem contains lignin
    and
    phloem does not (contain lignin)
  • both made of cells
  • both tubular

Function
* xylem transports water / mineral ions
and
phloem transports (dissolved) sugars

  • xylem is involved in transpiration
    and
    phloem is involved in translocation
  • xylem transports unidirectionally
    and
    phloem transports bidirectionally
  • both transport liquids / substances throughout the stem / leaves /
    roots / plant
25
Q

Describe what happens to cells when a tumour form? (1 mark)

A

cells grow / divide abnormally /
uncontrollably

26
Q

In one type of blood transfusion, only red blood cells from a donor are transferred to
the patient.

It is dangerous for a patient with blood group A to receive red blood cells from a donor
with blood group B.

Explain why (3 marks)

A

(so) red blood cells clump
together and are wider than
capillaries
or
(so) red blood cells clump
together and block capillaries

(so) cells have reduced supply
of oxygen / glucose
or
(so) cells can’t respire

27
Q

Explain why blood group O red blood cells can be given to patients with any blood group (2 marks)

A

no antigens (on type O red
blood cells)

(so) antibodies cannot bind
(to the antigens / red blood
cells)

28
Q

A person has a tumour blocking the tube leading from the gall bladder to the small intestine.

Explain why this person would have difficulty digesting fat (5 mark)

A

no / less bile reaches the small
intestine

(so) less / no emulsification of
fat

(so) smaller surface area for
lipase to break down fat

pH of small intestine is not
neutralised / alkaline

(so) lipase is not at its optimum
pH to break down fat

Biology Exam Questions (3 decks)

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