Exam Questions Multiple Choice

Question 1

The molecules responsible for membrane transport are
A) steroids.
B) phospholipids.
C) carbohydrates.
D) proteins

Answer 1

D proteins

Question 2

Bonds that are formed between oxygen and hydrogen atoms within water molecules are called ​.
A) hydrogen bonds
B) ionic bonds
C) nonpolar covalent bonds
D) polar covalent bonds

Answer 2

polar covalent bonds

Question 3

Which of the following would be most easily broken?
A) A hydrogen bond
B) A nonpolar covalent bond
C) An ionic bond
D) A polar covalent bond

Answer 3

A hydrogen bond

Question 4

In an acidic solution, ​.
A) the OH- ion concentration is greater than the H+ ion concentration
B) the OH- ion concentration is less than the H+ ion concentration
C) the H+ ion concentration is equal to the OH- ion concentration
D) the H+ ion concentration is less than the OH- ion concentration only if the solution is buffered

Answer 4

the OH- ion concentration is less than the H+ ion concentration

Question 5

Which of the following is false regarding unsaturated fatty acids?
A) They contain one or more double bonds.
B) They are found in cooking oil rather than a stick of butter.
C) All of their hydrogen ions are occupied in double bonds.
D) They can be formed from nuts and other plants.

Answer 5

All of their hydrogen ions are occupied in double bonds.

Question 6

The base that is NOT found in RNA is ​.
A) thymine
B) guanine
C) cytosine
D) uracil

Answer 6

Thymine

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a difference between DNA and RNA?
A) They have different sugars.
B) RNA is a single strand, while DNA is a double strand.
C) DNA has thymine, while RNA has uracil.
D) They both can leave the nucleus to perform their functions.

Answer 7

They both can leave the nucleus to perform their functions.

Question 8

A cell which is actively involved in the detoxification of chemicals would contain large quantities of ​.
A) ribosomes
B) mitochondria
C) peroxisomes
D) rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 8

peroxisomes

Question 9

Which of the following statements about enzymes is FALSE?
A) Enzymes increase chemical reaction rates.
B) Enzymes are consumed during a chemical reaction.
C) Enzymes decrease the free energy of activation of specific reactions.
D) Enzymes have unique pH and temperature optima.

Answer 9

Enzymes are consumed during a chemical reaction.

Question 10

When an enzyme catalyzes a chemical reaction, ​.
A) the enzyme binds to the substrate’s active site
B) the enzyme’s active site binds to the product
C) amino acids in the substrate allow for interaction with the product
D) amino acids in the enzyme’s active site interact with substrate molecules to create a product

Answer 10

amino acids in the enzyme’s active site interact with substrate molecules to create a product

Question 11

Addition of phosphate groups to a particular molecule is catalyzed by ​.
A) transaminases
B) phosphatases
C) isomerases
D) kinases

Answer 11

kinases

Question 12

Anabolic reactions do not ​.
A) utilize energy
B) synthesize molecules within cells
C) store energy
D) release energy

Answer 12

release energy

Question 13

Glycolysis converts glucose into two ​molecules.
A) glycogen
B) lactic acid
C) acetyl CoA
D) pyruvic acid

Answer 13

pyruvic acid

Question 14

To form lactic acid from pyruvic acid it is necessary to have ​present.
A) NAD
B) FAD
C) NADH
D) FADH

Answer 14

NADH

Question 15

The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain system is ​.
A) NAD
B) hydrogen
C) oxygen
D) ATP

Answer 15

Oxygen

Question 16

What theory explains the ability of the electron transport system to pump protons between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes?
A) Tricarboxylic acid theory
B) Chemiosmotic theory
C) Phosphorylation theory
D) Proton pump theory

Answer 16

Chemiosmotic theory

Question 17

The opposite process of glycogenesis is ​.
A) glycolysis
B) glyconeogenesis
C) glycogenolysis
D) gluconeogenesis

Answer 17

glycogenolysis

Question 18

Which of the following can undergo metabolic conversion to acetyl CoA and enter the citric acid cycle?
A) Glucose
B) Fatty acids
C) Protein
D) All of the choices are correct.

Answer 18

All of the choices are correct

Question 19

A solution consists of a ​which dissolves the ​.
A) solvent, solute
B) solvent, solid
C) solute, solvent
D) liquid, solid

Answer 19

solvent, solute

Question 20

Osmotic pressure is a measure of the force needed to ​.
A) open aquaporins
B) cause osmosis
C) stop osmosis
D) stop edema

Answer 20

stop osmosis

Question 21

Facilitated diffusion of a molecule into a cell would be more rapid if the ​.
A) concentration of the molecule in the cell increased
B) concentration of water in the cell decreased
C) concentration of the molecule outside the cell increased
D) cell was isotonic

Answer 21

concentration of the molecule outside the cell increased

Question 22

The process that produces the most ATP molecules per molecule of glucose is
A) substrate-level phosphorylation.
B) oxidative phosphorylation.
C) anaerobic glycolysis.
D) aerobic glycolysis.
E) Krebs (citric acid) cycle.

Answer 22

oxidative phosphorylation.

Question 23

The diffusion rate of chemical X across a cell membrane can be increased by
A) decreasing the membrane permeability of X.
B) decreasing the concentration gradient for X across the membrane.
C) increasing the area of diffusion.
D) increasing the thickness of the membrane.

Answer 23

increasing the area of diffusion.

Question 24

Addition of substrate when enzyme reaction rate is maximal results in ​.
A) additional product formation
B) less product formation
C) no change in product formation
D) enzyme destruction

Answer 24

no change in product formation

Question 25

Anything that prevents ATP formation will most likely A) result in cell death. B) force the cell to rely on lipids for energy. C) force the cell to rely on ADP for energy. D) have no effect on the cell.

Answer 25

Results in cell death

Question 26

Choose the statement that accurately describes why catalysts are biologically necessary. A) Catalysts provide the heat necessary for molecules to reach activation energy. B) Catalysts increase the activation energy of large populations of molecules. C) Catalysts make reactions go faster without cellular damage that would occur from heat. D) All cell processes would occur without catalysts, but catalysts optimize the reaction rates.

Answer 26

Catalysts make reactions go faster without cellular damage that would occur from heat.

Question 27

Organic acids will contain ​. A) a carboxyl group B) a carbonyl group C) an amino group D) a hydroxyl group

Answer 27

a carboxyl group

Question 28

A membrane that allows only certain molecules to pass through it is called ​. A) selectively permeable B) permeable C) porous D) countertransport

Answer 28

selectively permeable

Question 29

Protein carrier-mediated transport of molecules display ​. A) specificity B) competition C) saturation D) All of the choices are correct.

Answer 29

All

Question 30

The electron transport system is a series of ​reactions. A) composition-decomposition B) dehydration synthesis-hydrolysis C) oxidation-reduction D) reversible

Answer 30

oxidation-reduction

Question 31

Which of the following types of transport does not require membrane proteins? A) Facilitated diffusion B) Bulk C) Simple diffusion D) Active

Answer 31

Simple diffusion

Question 32

In a scientific experiment, a control group ​. A) is less important than an experimental group B) is used for comparison with the experimental group C) makes the experiment better, but is not essential D) all of the above are correct

Answer 32

is used for comparison with the experimental group

Question 33

The first step in the scientific method involves the formation of a(n) ​.

Answer 33

Hypothesis

Question 34

When an atom loses one or more electrons, it ​. A) becomes positively charged B) becomes negatively charged C) is called an anion D) has no change in its charge

Answer 34

becomes positively charged

Question 35

Hydrophobic molecules would contain ​bonds. A) nonpolar covalent B) polar covalent C) hydrogen D) ionic

Answer 35

nonpolar covalent

Question 36

Molecules that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms are ​. A) ionic B) inorganic C) organic D) carbonic

Answer 36

organic

Question 37

The primary structure of proteins is ​. A) the linear arrangement of amino acids in the molecule B) alpha helix coils and beta-pleated sheet folds of a protein strand C) due to the interaction between protein subunits D) stabilized when a protein is denatured

Answer 37

the linear arrangement of amino acids in the molecule

Question 38

The "spiral staircase" structure of DNA is referred to as the

Answer 38

Double helix

Question 39

Folds of the plasma membrane that increase surface area are called ​. A) cilia B) microvilli C) flagella D) vesicles

Answer 39

microvilli

Question 40

The organelle that acts as enzymes for protein synthesis is the ​. A) mitochondrion B) ribosome C) nucleolus D) lysosome

Answer 40

ribosome

Question 41

The function of the ​is to produce ribosomal RNA. A) chromatin B) centromere C) lysosomes D) nucleolus

Answer 41

nucleolus

Question 42

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Golgi complex? A) Packaging final proteins in vesicles B) Modifying proteins C) Separation of different types of proteins D) Removal of the leader sequence from the protein E) cell cycle

Answer 42

Removal of the leader sequence from the protein

Question 43

A chemical reaction rate can be increased by either ​the temperature or ​ the activation energy. A) increasing; increasing B) increasing; decreasing C) decreasing; decreasing D) decreasing; increasing

Answer 43

increasing; decreasing

Question 44

The model that explains how an enzyme and substrate fit together is called the ​. A) enzyme-substrate model B) lock-and-key model C) conformational model D) induced-fit model

Answer 44

Lock and key model

Question 45

In an enzymatic reaction, when temperature is increased past the point of "optimal temperature," the enzyme starts to ​. A) increase its catalytic activity B) reduce its catalytic activity C) increase its allosteric properties D) increase product formation

Answer 45

reduce its catalytic activity

Question 46

The final electron acceptor in aerobic cell respiration is ​. A) water B) oxygen C) carbon dioxide D) ATP

Answer 46

oxygen

Question 47

Each turn of the citric acid cycle directly produces ​molecule(s) of ATP.

Answer 47

One

Question 48

The yield of ATP from 1 molecule of glucose is ​. A) about 20 ATP B) about 38 ATP C) about 30 ATP D) about 26 ATP

Answer 48

B) about 38 ATP

Question 49

What type of tissue is especially dependent on adequate plasma glucose levels? A) Skeletal muscle B) Cardiac muscle C) Nervous D) Liver

Answer 49

Nervous

Question 50

Passive transport of water is known as ​. A) filtration B) osmosis C) facilitated diffusion D) a water pump

Answer 50

osmosis

Question 51

Active transport carriers are also called ​. A) vesicles B) channels C) pumps D) receptors

Answer 51

Pumps

Question 52

Choose the correct description of the Na+/K+ pump. A) It is an example of primary active transport. B) It generates a positive membrane potential. C) It actively transports 2 potassium ions out of the cell. D) It actively transports 3 sodium ions into the cell.

Answer 52

It is an example of primary active transport.

Question 53

Secondary active transport ​. A) utilizes energy directly B) often utilizes symport proteins C) always uses the influx of sodium ions D) is only important in the kidney

Answer 53

often utilizes symport proteins