Exam Questions Education Flashcards
Outline material factors that may affect social class differences in educational achievement.
- Overcrowding at home
- Higher disposable family income with upper class
- Inadequate nutrition
Outline cultural factors that may affect social class differences in Educational achievement.
- Bernstein’s Restricted andElaborated speech codes
- Bourdieu’s Habitus > culture capital
- Douglas’s parental interestin the child’s education
Outline ways in which
globalisation has
influenced educational
policies.
- increased immigration resulting in more multiculturalism
- Economic globalisation means increased competition from abroad, which means British students today are expected to spend longer in education
Outline ways in which education system reproduces social class inequalities from one generation to the next.
- Labelling > self fulfilling prophecy
- Continue to place them in lower streams > anti-school
Outline processes within
schools that may lead to
working class pupils
underachieving
- Labelling - given a negative label which leads to the self fulfilling prophecy.
- Placed in lower streams regardless of their ability - may join an anti-school subculture due to pressure
Outline ways in which
postmodernist ideas are
reflected in education.
- Education is becoming customised for the individual as it reproduces diversity > encourages self-motivation, self-supervision and creativity
- Education reproduces class equality as class division of labour as society is more fragmented and diverse.
Outline problems with
the interactionist view of
education.
- Interactionists are seen as being too deterministic > assume pupils passively accept their labels
- They fail to give enough consideration to factors outside of the school > poverty
Outline educational policies that have contributed to the current patterns of attainment of goals.
- The Education Reform Act - Marketisation. Schools compete to be the most successful
- New Labour - reduce inequality - smaller class sizes especially in primary schools so that pupils can receive more 1:1 attention from the teacher
Outline criticisms of the
comprehensive school
system.
- Classrooms containing pupils of all abilities, the pupils who are brighter are held back by the lower ability pupils
- Setting and streaming > tripartite system > W/C pupils are usually found to be in the bottom sets and streams
Outline ways in which
ethnicity curriculum may
operate in education.
- Language and literature >Troyna and Williams> lack of Asian languages (such as Hindi) > in comparison to European languages (such as French and Spanish)
- National Curriculum ignores ethnic diversity > Ball > ‘little Englandism’. History
Outline reasons why girls
generally achieve more
highly than boys in
education.
- Having more positive role models in schools > 86% of teachers in primary schools are female,
- Girls also naturally favour coursework > Gorard
- Girls often favoured by the teachers > Francis and Swann
Outline ways in which
the correspondence
principle operates within school.
- Hierarchy
- External rewards
- Creating a subservient workforce
Outline ways in which factors inside the education system may have contributed to the improvement of girls achievement.
- influence ofmale peer groups > Epstein
- Girls often favoured by the teachers > Francis and Swann
- Girls also naturally favour coursework > Gorard
- Having more positive role models in schools > 86% of teachers in primary schools are female
Outline ways that
gender differences are
reinforced in education.
- Socialisation
- Stereotyping
- Name calling
Outline three ways in which the organisation of schooling may be ethnocentric.
- Uniform or dress requirements may conflict with cultural norms of some minorities.
- Timing of holidays may reflect Christian festivals
- Teaching history from a British perspective
