Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Sociology > Beliefs > Flashcards

Beliefs Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Popper

Ideology and religion

A
  • Science replacing religion > reason > its open nature > open to questioning whereas religion is closed, not open to interpretation
  • Science built on ‘falsification’ > if a theory is wrong, another replaces it

Criticism: Kuhin > science is a closed belief system due to paradigms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Kuhin

Ideology and religion

A
  • Science is closed belief system due to paradigms
  • Paradigms is pre-existing framework that doesn’t encourage freedom of thought
  • Questioning how science should works > ridiculed and marginalised
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Marxism

Ideology

A

Marxist

  • All ideologies are manipulated by the ruling class to maintain and reproduce social class inequality
  • Feeds into the proletariats false consciousness

Criticism: WC passively accept their indoctrination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Feminism

Ideology

A

Feminism

  • All ideologies have promoted patriarchy in society for generations
  • Science and religion are male stream > representing women as weak and impure
  • Monotheistic religion: God is a man, sacred texts portray women negatively

Criticism> Early religions are women-centred > Mother nature > it’s only the growth of monotheistic religions that saw growth in an all powerful male

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Postmodernism

Ideology

A

Postmodernism

  • Any ideology that seeks to explain ‘truth’ is a ’meta-narrative’ due to the fragmentation of society
  • ‘meta-narrative’ are dangerous as they do not allow for individual thought and free will
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Woodhead

Religion

A

feminism (critique)

  • Religion can liberate women
  • the hijab is a symbol of liberation > people wear it to gain approval and allow them to enter the workforce
  • Brusco > Women can use religion to gain status and respect in the home
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

El Saadawi

Religion

A

Feminism critique

•religion was never patriarchal > it was reinterpreted to be patriarchal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Postmodernism

Religion

A
  • Traditional religions lost their significance in society > thus lack the ability to encourage social stability and change
  • Religions are meta-narrative > impossible within our fragmented society where there’s no generalisation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Hervieu-leger

Religion

A

postmodernist

  • Religions reluctance to change led to its unpopularity in today’s postmodern world
  • ‘cultural amnesia’ > so many alternative world views to compete with religion’s teachings
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Lyon

Religion

A

Postmodernism

  • The emergence of a religious marketplace which has developed as religious leaders had to turn to the media to publicise their belief system to survive
  • Today’s identities are fluid > individuals constantly constructing new identities through consumption
  • ‘pick and choose’
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Weber

Secularisation UK

A
  • Rationalisation
  • Enlightenment led to science becoming the dominant belief system > public don’t believe in ‘sacred’ qualities of religion due to lack of evidence
  • Process of ‘desacralisation’ > process where sacralised entities change or lose their status
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Bruce

Secularisation UK

A
  • Cultural defence and transition
  • People use religion for secular reasons > many affiliates may not believe in god
  • Use religion for:
    • Cultural defence > against change
    • Cultural transition > migration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Day

Secularisation UK

A

‘Believing in belonging’

Many people in the UK claim to be Christian, however hold no religious beliefs > 3 types of ‘Christians’

  1. Natal Christians: affiliate because they were christened > state they’re ‘Christian’
  2. Ethnic Christians: immigrants who want to belong to British Culture
  3. Aspirational Christians: want to seem moral & respectable > women ‘good mothers’
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Berger

Secularisation UK

A
  • Religious Pluralism
  • Vast number of religious organisation contributes to secularisation
  • In the past, countries were dominated by one religion > enabled the ideology to maintain grip
  • Caused “crisis in credibility” > no-one knows what to believe
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Davie

Against secularisation

A
  • ‘Believe without belonging’
  • ‘vicarious religion’ is now the norm > it’s the duty of the ‘active minority’ to pray on behalf of them
  • True extent of religious belief can be seen in ‘interruptions to normality’
  • Natural disaster > church attendance spike for short time
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Helland

Against secularisation

A

Religious beliefs are becoming removed from places of worship and transported to a digital space online> 2 ways:

  • Religion online > established religious movements use the internet to communicate messages to their followers
  • online religion > like-minded people interact in forums to discuss their beliefs in an unstructured format >do not exist in the real world
17
Q

Hodaway et al

Secularisation US

A
  • 40% of US claimed they attend church

* Found this is not the case > many stated they do, but church attendance was lower

18
Q

Bruce

Secularisation US

A
  • Religion in America has become ‘secularised from within’
  • Churches had to compromise their beliefs in order to remain popular amongst believers
  • US contemporary Christianity > more about personal development than traditional beliefs
19
Q

Norris and Inglehart

Secularisation US

A
  • Existential security theory > Americans more likely to be genuinely religious than Europeans
  • Less support from welfare sate > lack access to free healthcare > make them feel less secure
20
Q

Stark and Bainbridge

Secularisation US

A
  • People are naturally religious > there will always be demand for some form of religions > Religious market place theory
  • Secularisation is Eurocentric > criticised theorist for fooling people > “there was a ‘golden age’ of religion and it has declined”
21
Q

Durkheim

Social Stability and religion

A

Functionalist

  • Religion creates a collective conscience through secondary socialisation > reinforcing value consensus > creating social order
  • Australian aborigines > Totemism > chosen symbol represent themselves as a society > worshiping society
22
Q

Malinowski

Social Stability and religion

A

Functionalist

  • Psychological functions > faced with a life crisis > religion help overcome it
  • i.e. after a funeral, helps community return to normality faster > maintain social order
23
Q

Bellah

Social Stability and religion

A

Neo-functionalist

  • Argued America has its own civil religion
  • “Americanism” > avoid conflict and promote integration > worship of American culture unites its citizens > the flag, the American dream
24
Q

Karl Marx

Social Stability and religion

A

Marxist > Supported by Lenin

    1. Religion acts as a form of consolation> acts as a way in which WC can control freely.
    1. It is a product of alienation > Religion is the ‘opium of the masses’ > Dulls the pain of oppression

Functionalism criticism: Religion can bring people together and increase social solidarity as people feel part of a group with shared values

25
Q

Lenin

Social Stability and religion

A

Marxist

  • Religion is a ‘spiritual gin’
  • Religion maintains capitalism in two ways > 1. teaches the poor that poverty is a test from God > 2. inequality is god given and unchangeable

Neo-Marxism: religion can assist and not hinder the development of class consciousness. Religion can be a force for change.

26
Q

Beauvoir

Social Stability and religion

A

Feminism

•Religion maintains gender inequality by tricking women into thinking that they’re equal and their hardship will be compensated in the afterlife

27
Q

Armstrong

Social Stability and religion

A

Feminism

  • Studied the church of England > women in religion are blocked from progressing to the top religious positions
  • Woodhead: exclusion from priesthood shows that the church is worried about giving women more rights
28
Q

Weber

Social Change and religion

A

Marxism

  • Before Calvinism, wealth was a sign of greed/sinful
  • Calvinism > its development was influential in the creation of modern capitalism
  • Predestination (‘the elect’) > Divine transcendence > devotion to work > ‘spiritual capitalism’
29
Q

Bruce

Social Change and religion

A
  • Religion leads to social change > The American civil rights movement > MLK used religion as an ideology > appealed to all Christians > negotiated with opposition and achieved public support
  • New Christian right > fundamentalist > creating conflict > not achieve mainstream cultural support
30
Q

Bloch

Social Change and Social Stability

A
  • Religion has both positive and negative influence on society > Dual nature of religion
  • Can act as a conservative force to maintain status quo, but also as a force for social change
  • offering a “principal of hope” > in extreme cases can lead to revolution
31
Q

Maduro

Social Change

A
  • societies where protests are against the law > the church act as a safe outlet for frustration > religious leaders can act as charismatic leaders
  • religious leaders in those societies are also seen as untouchable > harming them would lead to a revolution
32
Q

Liberation Theology

Social Change

A
  • radical movement grew as response to poverty and ill-treatment
  • Priests encouraged people to enforce change upon society, including the use of violence, to overthrow the dictators oppressing them

Sociology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions